蜈蚣

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蜈蚣科动物少棘巨蜈蚣Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch的干燥体。春、夏二季捕捉，用竹片插入头尾，绷直，干燥。
Centipede is the dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch (Fam. Scolopendridae). It is collected in spring and summer, impaled on a bamboo stick from head to tail, stretched straight, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈扁平长条形，长9～15cm，宽0.5～1cm。由头部和躯干部组成，全体共22个环节。头部暗红色或红褐色，略有光泽，有头板覆盖，头板近圆形，前端稍突出，两侧贴有颚肢一对，前端两侧有触角一对。躯干部第一背板与头板同色，其余20个背板为棕绿色或墨绿色，具光泽，自第四背板至第二十背板上常有两条纵沟线；腹部淡黄色或棕黄色，皱缩；自第二节起，每节两侧有步足一对；步足黄色或红褐色，偶有黄白色，呈弯钩形，最末一对步足尾状，故又称尾足，易脱落。质脆，断面有裂隙。气微腥，有特殊刺鼻的臭气，味辛、微咸。
The drug is flat and elongated, 9-15cm long, 0.5-1cm wide. It consists of a head and a trunk, with a total of 22 segments. The head is dark red or reddish-brown, slightly shiny, covered with a head plate, which is nearly circular and slightly protruding at the front. There are a pair of maxillipeds attached to both sides and a pair of antennae at the front sides. The first dorsal plate of the trunk is the same color as the head plate, and the remaining 20 dorsal plates are brownish-green or dark green, glossy, with two longitudinal grooves from the fourth to the twentieth dorsal plate. The ventral part is pale yellow or brownish-yellow, wrinkled. From the second segment onwards, there is a pair of walking legs on each side of each segment. The walking legs are yellow or reddish-brown, occasionally yellowish-white, and curved like hooks. The last pair of walking legs is tail-like, hence the name "tail legs", which are easily shed. The texture is brittle, with cracks on the cross-section. It has a slight fishy odor and a special pungent odor, and tastes spicy and slightly salty.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1总量不得过10μg。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>. The content of aflatoxin B1 in this product shall not exceed 5μg per 1000g, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 shall not exceed 10μg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

蜈蚣 Centipede

炮制 Processing

去竹片，洗净，微火焙黄，剪段。
Remove bamboo shavings, wash them, lightly roast them over low heat until yellow, and cut them into sections.

性状 Description

本品形如药材，呈段状，棕褐色或灰褐色，具焦香气。
This product is shaped like a medicinal herb, segment-shaped, tan or gray-brown, with a burnt aroma.

检查 Examination

（黄曲霉毒素） 同药材。
(Aflatoxin) As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝经。
Liver meridian.

功能 Actions

息风镇痉，通络止痛，攻毒散结。
To calm wind and relieve spasms, promote blood circulation and relieve pain, and eliminate toxins and dissipate nodules.

主治 Indications

用于肝风内动，痉挛抽搐，小儿惊风，中风口㖞，半身不遂，破伤风，风湿顽痹，偏正头痛，疮疡，瘰疬，蛇虫咬伤。
Used for liver wind stirring internally, spasms and convulsions, infantile convulsions, facial paralysis caused by stroke, hemiplegia, tetanus, rheumatic arthralgia, unilateral or bilateral headache, sores, scrofula, snake and insect bites.

用量 Dosage

3～5g。
3-5g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用。
Not suitable for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect from mold and insects.

蜈蚣

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蜈蚣科动物少棘巨蜈蚣Scolopendra sub-spinipes mutilans L.Koch的干燥体。春、夏二季捕捉，用竹片插入头尾，绷直，干燥。
Centipede is the dried body of Scolopendra sub-spinipes mutilans L.Koch (Fam. Scolopendridae). The animal is captured in spring or summer, stretched by a bamboo piece inserted through the head to tail, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈扁平长条形，长9～15cm，宽0.5～1cm。由头部和躯干部组成，全体共22个环节。头部暗红色或红褐色，略有光泽，有头板覆盖，头板近圆形，前端稍突出，两侧贴有颚肢一对，前端两侧有触角一对。躯干部第一背板与头板同色，其余20个背板为棕绿色或墨绿色，具光泽，自第四背板至第二十背板上常有两条纵沟线；腹部淡黄色或棕黄色，皱缩；自第二节起，每节两侧有步足一对；步足黄色或红褐色，偶有黄白色，呈弯钩形，最末一对步足尾状，故又称尾足，易脱落。质脆，断面有裂隙。气微腥，有特殊刺鼻的臭气，味辛、微咸。
Flattened slat-shaped, 9-15 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide. Consisting of head and trunk, the whole body containing 22 segments. The head dark red or reddish-brown, somewhat lustrous, covered with a head plate; the head plate subspherical, anterior end slightly projecting, bearing a pair of maxillipeds and a pair of antennae on both sides. The first dorsal plate of the trunk as same as the head plate in colour, the other 20 notums brownish-green or blackish-green, lustrous, usually with 2 longitudinal furrowed lines from the 4th to the 20th; venter light yellow or brownish yellow, wrinkled; each segment bearing a pair of walking legs from the 2nd segment; the walking legs yellow or reddish-brown, occasionally yellowish white, hook-like, the last pair of the walking legs tail-like, also known as uropod, easily fallen off. Texture fragile, fracture with crevices. Odour, slightly stinking, with characteristic smell irritating the nose; taste, pungent, slightly salty.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1总量不得过l0μg。

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

蜈蚣 Centipede

炮制 Processing

去竹片，洗净，微火焙黄，剪段。
Remove bamboo slip, wash clean, gently roast by small fire until yellow, cut into sections.

检查 Examination

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

辛，温；有毒。
Warm; pungent; toxic.

味 Flavor

辛、微咸。
Pungent; slightly salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝经。
Liver meridian.

功能 Actions

息风镇痉，通络止痛，攻毒散结。
To extinguish wind, arrest convulsions, unblock the collaterals, relieve pain, expel toxin, and dissipate bind.

主治 Indications

用于肝风内动，痉挛抽搐，小儿惊风，中风口嗝，半身不遂，破伤风，风湿顽痹，偏正头痛，疮疡，瘰疬，蛇虫咬伤。
Internal stirring of liver wind, spasms and convulsions, infantile convulsion, wind-stroke with deviated mouth, hemiplegia, tetanus, wind-dampness stubborn bidisorder, migraine, general headache, sore and ulcer, scrofula, and bites of insect, worm, or snake.

用量 Dosage

3-5 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇禁用。
Contraindicated during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from mould and moth.