蒲黄

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为香蒲科植物水烛香蒲Typha angustifolia L.、东方香蒲Typha orientalis Presl或同属植物的干燥花粉。夏季采收蒲棒上部的黄色雄花序，晒干后碾轧，筛取花粉。
Typha Pollen is the dried pollen of Typha angustifolia L., Typha orientalis Presl or other plants of the same genus (Fam. Typhaceae). The drug is collected in summer from the yellow male inflorescence of the upper part of the cattail, dried, and ground to obtain the pollen.

性状 Description

本品为黄色粉末。体轻，放水中则飘浮水面。手捻有滑腻感，易附着手指上。气微，味淡。
Pollen is yellow powder. It is light and floats on the water. It feels smooth when rubbed between fingers and easily adheres to the fingers. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄色。花粉粒类圆形或椭圆形，直径17～29μm，表面有网状雕纹，周边轮廓线光滑，呈凸波状或齿轮状，具单孔，不甚明显。
(1) The powder of Typha Pollen is yellow. The pollen grains are round or elliptical, with a diameter of 17-29μm. The surface has a reticulate pattern, and the contour line is smooth, appearing convex or gear-shaped. It has a single pore, which is not very obvious.

（2）取本品2g，加80%乙醇50ml，冷浸24小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水5ml使溶解，滤过，滤液加水饱和的正丁醇振摇提取2次，每次5ml，合并正丁醇液，蒸干，残渣加乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷对照品、香蒲新苷对照品，加乙醇分别制成每1ml各含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以丙酮-水（1∶2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 2g of Typha Pollen, add 50ml of 80% ethanol, soak for 24 hours at room temperature, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5ml of water, filter, extract the filtrate with two 5ml portions of saturated n-butanol, combine the n-butanol extracts, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2ml of ethanol as the test solution. Take rutin-3-O-sinapoylglucoside CRS and typhaneoside CRS, dissolve each in ethanol to produce a solution containing 1mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide film as the coating substance and a mixture of acetone and water (1:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of aluminum chloride, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

取本品10g，称定重量，置七号筛中，保持水平状态过筛，左右往返，边筛边轻叩2分钟。取不能通过七号筛的杂质，称定重量，计算，不得过10.0%。
Take 10 g of the sample, weigh accurately, place it in a No. 7 sieve, keep it level, sieve it back and forth, and gently tap it for 2 minutes. Take the impurities that cannot pass through the No. 7 sieve, weigh accurately, and calculate. The content should not exceed 10.0 per cent.

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 254nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of artemisinin-3-O-ethyl ether should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷对照品、香蒲新苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含50μg的溶液，即得。
Take appropriate amounts of artemisinin-3-O-ethyl ether reference substance and typhaneoside reference substance, weigh accurately, add methanol to prepare a solution containing 50μg of each substance per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，冷浸12小时后加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the sample, weigh accurately, place it in a stoppered conical flask, add 50ml of methanol accurately, weigh accurately, soak it in cold for 12 hours, heat it under reflux for 1 hour, cool it, weigh accurately again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 20μl of each of the above two reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷（C28H32O16）和香蒲新苷（C34H42O20）的总量不得少于0.50%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of artemisinin-3-O-ethyl ether (C28H32O16) and typhaneoside (C34H42O20) should not be less than 0.50 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

蒲黄 Typha Pollen

炮制 Processing

揉碎结块，过筛。
Rub and crush into clumps, and sieve.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

蒲黄炭 Typha Pollen charcoal

炮制 Processing

取净蒲黄，照炒炭法（通则0213) 炒至棕褐色。
Remove the net Pollen Typhae, stir-fried to brown by stir-frying charcoal method ( general rule 0213 ).

性状 Description

本品形如蒲黄，表面棕褐色或黑褐色。具焦香气，味微苦、涩。
This product is similar to Typha Pollen, with a brown or blackish-brown surface. It has a burnt aroma, a slightly bitter taste, and astringency.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末棕褐色。花粉粒类圆形，表面有网状雕纹。
The powder of this product is brownish-brown. The pollen grains are round with a reticulate sculpture on the surface.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于11.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 11.0 per cent.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心包经。
Liver and pericardium meridians.

功能 Actions

止血，化瘀，通淋。
To stop bleeding, resolve stasis, and promote urination.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，咯血，崩漏，外伤出血，经闭痛经，胸腹刺痛，跌扑肿痛，血淋涩痛。
Used for vomiting blood, nosebleed, hemoptysis, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, bleeding from external injuries, dysmenorrhea, stabbing pain in the chest and abdomen, swelling and pain from falls or blows, and painful urination with dark red urine.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

包煎。外用适量，敷患处。
Decocted in a wrapped package. For external use, apply an appropriate amount to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Caution for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated, dry place, and protect from moisture and insects.

蒲黄

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为香蒲科植物水烛香蒲Typha angustifolia L.、东方香蒲Typha orientalis Presl或同属植物的干燥花粉。夏季采收蒲棒上部的黄色雄花序，晒干后碾轧，筛取花粉。剪取雄花后，晒干，成为带有雄花的花粉，即为草蒲黄。
Cattail Pollen is the dried pollen of Typha angustifolia L., Typha orientalis Presl or other plants of the same genus (Fam. Typhaceae). Yellow male inflorescence is gathered in summer, dried in the sun and ground. The drug is collected by sifting.

性状 Description

本品为黄色粉末。体轻，放水中则飘浮水面。手捻有滑腻感，易附着手指上。气微，味淡。
Yellow powder. Texture light, capable of floating on water, with satiny feeling when twisted and easily adsorbed on fingers. Odour, slight； taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄色。花粉粒类圆形或椭圆形，直径17～29μm，表面有网状雕纹，周边轮廓线光滑，呈凸波状或齿轮状，具单孔，不甚明显。
（2）取本品2g，加80%乙醇50ml，冷浸24小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水5ml使溶解，滤过，滤液加水饱和的正丁醇振摇提取2次，每次5ml，合并正丁醇液，蒸干，残渣加乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷对照品、香蒲新苷对照品，加乙醇分别制成每1ml各含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以丙酮-水（1：2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

取本品10g，称定重量，置七号筛中，保持水平状态过筛，左右往返，边筛边轻叩2分钟。取不能通过七号筛的杂质，称定重量，计算，不得过10.0%。
Weigh 10 g of the crude drug to a No. 7 sieve, sieve gently with light tapping, weigh the remaining on the sieve, and calculate. Not more than 10.0 per cent.

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent<0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent<2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%，（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent<2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (15 : 85) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 254 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 5000, calculated with the reference to the peak of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷对照品、香蒲新苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含50μg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside CRS and typhaneoside CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to produce a solution containing 50 μg of each per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，冷浸12小时后加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder in a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 50 ml of methanol, weigh and after soaking for 12 hours heat under reflux for 1 hour cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with 50% methanol, mix well, filter and use this successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 20μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷（C28H32O16）和香蒲新苷（C34H42O20）的总量不得少于0.50%。
It contains not less than 0.50 per cent of the sum of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (C28H32O16) and typhaneoside (C34H42O20), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

蒲黄 Typhae Pollen (unprocessed)

炮制 Processing

揉碎结块，过筛。
Crumble the bulb to powders and sift.

蒲黄炭 Typhae Pollen (carbonized)

取净蒲黄，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至棕褐色。
Stir-bake the clean Typhae Pollen as described under the method for carbonizing by stir-baking <0213> until it becomes brown in color.

本品形如蒲黄，表面棕褐色或黑褐色。具焦香气，味微苦、涩。
Similar to Typhae Pollen in shape, externally brown or black brown. Odour, charred-aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末棕褐色。花粉粒类圆形，表面有网状雕纹。
Identification Powder Brown, pollen grains sub-rounded, exine with reticulate sculptures.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于11.0%。
Extractives Not less than 11.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，平。归肝、心包经。
Neutral; sweet.

功能与主治 Actions

止血，化瘀，通淋。用于吐血，衄血，咯血，崩漏，外伤出血，经闭痛经，胸腹刺痛，跌扑肿痛，血淋涩痛。
To stop bleeding, resolve stasis, and relieve stranguria. Indicated for hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, menstrual flooding and spotting, traumatic bleeding, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, stabbing pain in the chest and the abdomen, swelling and pain caused by traumatic injuries, and blood strangury with difficulty and pain.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

5～10g，包煎。外用适量，敷患处。
5-10 g, wrap-boiling. Appropriate amount for topical application.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture and insects.