紫苏叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.的干燥叶（或带嫩枝）。夏季枝叶茂盛时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Perilla Leaf is the dried leaf (or leaf with tender stem) of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in summer when the branches and leaves are luxuriant, removed from impurities, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品叶片多皱缩卷曲、破碎，完整者展平后呈卵圆形，长4～11cm，宽2.5～9cm。先端长尖或急尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘具圆锯齿。两面紫色或上表面绿色，下表面紫色，疏生灰白色毛，下表面有多数凹点状的腺鳞。叶柄长2～7cm，紫色或紫绿色。质脆。带嫩枝者，枝的直径2～5mm，紫绿色，断面中部有髓。气清香，味微辛。
Leaves irregularly wrinkled, curled, and broken; when whole, ovate or elliptical, 4-11cm long, 2.5-9cm wide; apex long-pointed or acute; base rounded or broadly cuneate; margin with rounded serrations. Both surfaces purple or upper surface green, lower surface purple, sparsely covered with grayish-white hairs, and with numerous glandular scales in concave dots on the lower surface. Petiole 2-7cm long, purple or purple-green. Texture brittle. When the leaf has tender stem, the stem is 2-5mm in diameter, purple-green, and has medullated section in the middle. Odour, fragrant; taste, slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面制片∶表皮细胞中某些细胞内含有紫色素，滴加10%盐酸溶液，立即显红色；或滴加5%氢氧化钾溶液，即显鲜绿色，后变为黄绿色。
（1）The surface of the leaf is made into a section: some cells in the epidermis contain purple pigment, and when 10% hydrochloric acid solution is added, it immediately turns red; or when 5% potassium hydroxide solution is added, it immediately turns bright green, and then changes to yellow-green.

本品粉末棕绿色。非腺毛1～7细胞，直径16～346μm，表面具线状纹理，有的细胞充满紫红色或粉红色物。腺毛头部多为2细胞，直径17～36μm，柄单细胞。腺鳞常破碎，头部4～8细胞。上、下表皮细胞不规则形，垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔直轴式，下表皮气孔较多。草酸钙簇晶细小，存在于叶肉细胞中。
The powder is brownish-green. Non-glandular hairs consist of 1-7 cells, with a diameter of 16-346μm, and the surface has linear texture. Some cells are filled with purple-red or pink substances. The head of glandular hair is mostly composed of 2 cells, with a diameter of 17-36μm, and the stalk is a single cell. Glandular scales are often broken, and the head consists of 4-8 cells. Epidermal cells of both upper and lower surfaces are irregular in shape, with wavy curved periclinal walls, and the stomata are of the paracytic type, with more stomata on the lower surface. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are small and exist in mesophyll cells.

（2）取〔含量测定〕项下的挥发油，加正己烷制成每1ml含10μl的溶液，作为供试品溶液。另取紫苏醛对照品，加正己烷制成每1ml含10μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙酯（15∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以二硝基苯肼乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）Take the volatile oil under the "Content Determination" section, add n-hexane to make a solution containing 10μl per ml as the test solution. Take perillaldehyde CRS, add n-hexane to make a solution containing 10μl per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (15:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in ethanol. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

（3）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至干，加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫苏叶对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸-水（9∶0.5∶1∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（3）Take 0.5g of the powder, add 25ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, concentrate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5g of the reference drug of Perilla Leaf, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, formic acid, and water (9:0.5:1:0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

含量测定 Content Determination

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定，保持微沸2.5小时。
The method for determination of volatile oil<2204> is used, and the reflux is maintained for 2.5 hours.

本品含挥发油不得少于0.40%（ml/g）。
The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 0.40% (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质和老梗；或喷淋清水，切碎，干燥。
Eliminate impurities and old stems; or spray with water, cut into pieces, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段或未切叶。叶多皱缩卷曲、破碎，完整者展平后呈卵圆形。边缘具圆锯齿。两面紫色或上表面绿色，下表面紫色，疏生灰白色毛。叶柄紫色或紫绿色。带嫩枝者，枝的直径2～5mm，紫绿色，切面中部有髓。气清香，味微辛。
This product is irregular segments or uncut leaves. The leaves are mostly wrinkled, curled, and broken, and the intact ones are oval after being flattened. The edges are roundly serrate. Purple on both sides or green on the upper surface, purple on the lower surface, sparsely grayish-white hairs. The petioles are purple or purplish-green. With young branches, the diameter of the branches is 2~5mm, purple-green, and there is pith in the middle of the section. The air is fragrant and the taste is slightly pungent.

含量测定 Content Determination

同药材，含挥发油不得少于0.20%（ml/g）。
Same as the crude drug. The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 0.20% (ml/g).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

解表散寒，行气和胃。
To release the exterior and dispel cold, promote the circulation of qi, and harmonize the stomach.

主治 Indications

用于风寒感冒，咳嗽呕恶，妊娠呕吐，鱼蟹中毒。
Used for wind-cold common cold, cough and nausea, vomiting during pregnancy, and fish and crab poisoning.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

紫苏叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.的干燥叶（或带嫩枝）。夏季枝叶茂盛时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Perilla Leaf is the dried leaf (or bearing young branch) of Perilla frutescens (L. )Britt. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in summer when foliage branch growing luxuriantly, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品叶片多皱缩卷曲、破碎，完整者展平后呈卵圆形，长4～11cm，宽2.5～9cm。先端长尖或急尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘具圆锯齿。两面紫色或上表面绿色，下表面紫色，疏生灰白色毛，下表面有多数凹点状的腺鳞。叶柄长2～7cm，紫色或紫绿色。质脆。带嫩枝者，枝的直径2～5mm，紫绿色，断面中部有髓。气清香，味微辛。
Mostly crumpled, rolled and broken, when whole, ovate, 4-11 cm long, 2.5-9 cm wide. Apex acuminate or acute, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin crenate. Both surfaces purple or the upper green and the lower purple, scattered with greyish-white hairs, and occurring numerous dotted glandular scales on the lower surface. Petioles 2-7 cm long, purple or purplish-green. Texture fragile. Young branches, 2-5 mm in diameter purplish-green, with a pith in the centre of fracture. Odour, delicately aromatic; taste, slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面制片：表皮细胞中某些细胞内含有紫色素，滴加10%盐酸溶液，立即显红色；或滴加5%氢氧化钾溶液，即显鲜绿色，后变为黄绿色。
本品粉末棕绿色。非腺毛1～7细胞，直径16～346μm，表面具线状纹理，有的细胞充满紫红色或粉红色物。腺毛头部多为2细胞，直径17～36μm，柄单细胞。腺鳞常破碎，头部4～8细胞。上、下表皮细胞不规则形，垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔直轴式，下表皮气孔较多。草酸钙簇晶细小，存在于叶肉细胞中。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

含量测定 Assay

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定，保持微沸2.5小时。
本品含挥发油不得少于0.40%（ml/g）。

饮片 Prepared slices

紫苏叶 Perilla Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质和老梗；或喷淋清水，切碎，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter and old branches or spray with water, cut into pieces and dry.

本品呈不规则的段或未切叶。叶多皱缩卷曲、破碎，完整者展平后呈卵圆形。边缘具圆锯齿。两面紫色或上表面绿色，下表面紫色，疏生灰白色毛。叶柄紫色或紫绿色。带嫩枝者，枝的直径2～5mm，紫绿色，切面中部有髓。气清香，味微辛。
In irregular sections or uncut leaves. Leaves mostly crumpled and rolled, broken, ovate when whole, margin crenate. Both surfaces purple, or the upper green and the lower purple, scattered with greyish-white hairs. Petioles purple or purplish-green Young branches 2-5 mm in diameter, purplish-green, with a pith in the centre of fracture. Odour, delicately aromatic; taste, slightly pungent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于0.20%（ml/g）。
Assay Not less than 0.20 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification and Water

同药材。
Identification and Water As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

辛，温。
Warm; pungent.

味 Flavor

微辛。
Slightly pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

解表散寒，行气和胃。
To release the exterior, dissipate cold, move qi, and harmonize the stomach.

主治 Indications

用于风寒感冒，咳嗽呕恶，妊娠呕吐，鱼蟹中毒。
Common cold caused by wind-cold, cough, vomiting, nausea, morning sickness, and seafood poisoning.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
No specific administration method.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.