葛根

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobata（Willd.）Ohwi的干燥根。习称野葛。秋、冬二季采挖，趁鲜切成厚片或小块；干燥。
Kudzu Root is the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Fam. Leguminosae). It is commonly known as wild kudzu. It is collected in autumn and winter, cut into thick slices or small pieces while fresh, and then dried.

性状 Description

本品呈纵切的长方形厚片或小方块，长5～35 cm，厚0.5～1 cm。外皮淡棕色至棕色，有纵皱纹，粗糙。切面黄白色至淡黄棕色，有的纹理明显。质韧，纤维性强。气微，味微甜。
The drug is in the form of longitudinally cut rectangular thick slices or small square blocks, 5-35 cm long and 0.5-1 cm thick. The outer surface is pale brown to brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and rough. The cut surface is yellowish-white to pale yellow-brown, with some obvious texture. The texture is tough and fibrous. It has a slight odor and a slightly sweet taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕色。淀粉粒单粒球形，直径3～37 μm，脐点点状、裂缝状或星状；复粒由2～10分粒组成。纤维多成束，壁厚，木化，周围细胞大多含草酸钙方晶，形成晶纤维，含晶细胞壁木化增厚。石细胞少见，类圆形或多角形，直径38～70 μm。具缘纹孔导管较大，具缘纹孔六角形或椭圆形，排列极为紧密。
（1）The powder is light brown. Starch granules are single, spherical, with a diameter of 3-37 μm, and have hilum-like, fissure-like, or star-like marks; compound granules consist of 2-10 granules. Fibers are mostly bundled, with thick walls, lignified, and the surrounding cells mostly contain calcium oxalate prisms, forming crystal fibers, and the cell walls of the crystal-containing cells are thickened by lignification. Stone cells are rare, round or polygonal, with a diameter of 38-70 μm. The vessels with bordered pits are relatively large, and the bordered pits are hexagonal or elliptical, arranged very closely.

（2）取本品粉末0.8 g，加甲醇10 ml，放置2小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取葛根对照药材0.8 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取葛根素对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，使成条状，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（7︰2.5︰0.25）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光条斑。
（2）Take 0.8 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, let it stand for 2 hours, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.8 g of the reference drug, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take kudzu root saponin CRS, add methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (7: 2.5: 0.25) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the test solution correspond in position and color to the fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5 mg/kg；镉不得过1 mg/kg；砷不得过2 mg/kg；汞不得过0.2 mg/kg；铜不得过20 mg/kg。
Determined by the method of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper determination (atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) specified in <2321>. The limit of lead is not more than 5 mg/kg; the limit of cadmium is not more than 1 mg/kg; the limit of arsenic is not more than 2 mg/kg; the limit of mercury is not more than 0.2 mg/kg; the limit of copper is not more than 20 mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于24.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 24.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determined by the method of high performance liquid chromatography specified in <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（25︰75）为流动相；检测波长为250 nm。理论板数按葛根素峰计算应不低于4000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (25:75) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 250 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of puerarin should not be less than 4000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取葛根素对照品适量，精密称定，加30%乙醇制成每1 ml含80 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of puerarin CRS, accurately weigh, add 30% ethanol to produce a solution containing 80 μg per ml, and mix well to obtain the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.1 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入30%乙醇50 ml，称定重量，加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用30%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 30% ethanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 30% ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate to obtain the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, and inject them into the liquid chromatograph for determination.

本品按干燥品计算，含葛根素（C21H20O9）不得少于2.4%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of puerarin (C21H20O9) should not be less than 2.4%.

饮片 Prepared slices

葛根 Kudzu Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，晒干。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈不规则的厚片、粗丝或边长为0.5~1.2 cm 的方块。切面浅黄棕色至棕黄色。质韧，纤维性强。气微，味微甜。
In irregular thick slices, thick bands or cubes with sides each 0.5-1.2 cm long. Cut surface pale yellowish-brown or brownish-yellow. Texture tenacious, strongly fibrous. Odour slight; taste sweetish.

检查 ｜ Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 ｜ Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、辛。
Sweet and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肺经。
Spleen, stomach, and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

解肌退热，生津止渴，透疹，升阳止泻，通经活络，解酒毒。
To relax muscles and relieve fever, generate body fluids and quench thirst, promote eruption, raise yang and stop diarrhea, promote blood circulation and relieve pain, and detoxify alcohol.

主治 Indications

用于外感发热头痛，项背强痛，口渴，消渴，麻疹不透，热痢，泄泻，眩晕头痛，中风偏瘫，胸痹心痛，酒毒伤中。
Used for fever with headache due to exogenous pathogenic factors, stiff neck and back pain, thirst, polydipsia, measles not erupting, dysentery, diarrhea, dizziness and headache, wind-stroke with hemiplegia, chest pain and heartache, and alcohol intoxication.

用量 Dosage

10～15 g。
10-15 g.

用法 Administration

无
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place and protect from moth.

葛根

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobata（Willd.）Ohwi的干燥根。习称野葛。秋、冬二季采挖，趁鲜切成厚片或小块；干燥。
Kudzuvine Root is the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Fam. Leguminosae), commonly known as "ye-ge". The drug is collected in autumn and winter, often cut into thick slices or pieces when fresh, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈纵切的长方形厚片或小方块，长5～35cm，厚0.5～1cm。外皮淡棕色至棕色，有纵皱纹，粗糙。切面黄白色至淡黄棕色，有的纹理明显。质韧，纤维性强。气微，味微甜。
In rectangular thick slices cut longitudinally or small square pieces, 5-35 cm long, 0.5-1 cm thick. The outer bark pale brown to brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, rough. Cut surface yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, some with distinct striations. Texture pliable and strongly fibrous. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweetish.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕色。淀粉粒单粒球形，直径3～37μm，脐点点状、裂缝状或星状；复粒由2～10分粒组成。纤维多成束，壁厚，木化，周围细胞大多含草酸钙方晶，形成晶纤维，含晶细胞壁木化增厚。石细胞少见，类圆形或多角形，直径38～70μm。具缘纹孔导管较大，具缘纹孔六角形或椭圆形，排列极为紧密。
（2）取本品粉末0.8g，加甲醇10ml，放置2小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取葛根对照药材0.8g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取葛根素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，使成条状，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（7：2.5：0.25）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光条斑。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于24.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 24.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic system and system suitability: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and water (25 : 75) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 250 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with the reference to the peak of puerarin.

饮片 Prepared slices

葛根 Kudzuvine Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，晒干。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick pieces, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

凉。
Cool.

味 Flavor

甘、辛。
Sweet, pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肺经。
Spleen, stomach, lung meridians.

功能 Actions

解肌退热，生津止渴，透疹，升阳止泻，通经活络，解酒毒。
To release the flesh, reduce fever, engender fluid to quench thirst, promote eruption, upraise the middle qi, stop diarrhea, unblock the meridians, activate collaterals, and remove alcoholic toxin.

主治 Indications

用于外感发热头痛，项背强痛，口渴，消渴，麻疹不透，热痢，泄泻，眩晕头痛，中风偏瘫，胸痹心痛，酒毒伤中。
External contraction with fever, headache, stiff and pain in nape and neck, thirst, wasting-thirst, unerupted measles, heat dysentery, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, hemiplegia caused by wind-stroke, chest bi disorder, heart pain, and wine toxin damaging the middle.

用量 Dosage

10～15g。
10-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
No specific administration method.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.