款冬花

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》{{ref|sna-ref-4，pages=346--347}
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾。12月或地冻前当花尚未出土时采挖，除去花梗和泥沙，阴干。
Coltsfoot Flower is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in December or before the ground freezes, when the flowers have not yet emerged, removed from the peduncle and sand, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆棒状。单生或2～3个基部连生，长1～2.5cm，直径0.5～1cm。上端较粗，下端渐细或带有短梗，外面被有多数鱼鳞状苞片。苞片外表面紫红色或淡红色，内表面密被白色絮状茸毛。体轻，撕开后可见白色茸毛。气香，味微苦而辛。
The drug is cylindrical, long and round. It is solitary or 2-3 connected at the base, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. The upper end is thicker, the lower end gradually becomes thinner or has a short stalk, and the outer surface is covered with many fish scale-like bracts. The outer surface of the bracts is purplish-red or pale red, and the inner surface is densely covered with white woolly hairs. The body is light, and white woolly hairs can be seen when torn. It has a fragrant odor, and a slightly bitter and pungent taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕色。非腺毛较多，单细胞，扭曲盘绕成团，直径5～24μm。腺毛略呈棒槌形，头部4～8细胞，柄部细胞2列。花粉粒细小，类球形，直径25～48μm，表面具尖刺，3萌发孔。冠毛分枝状，各分枝单细胞，先端渐尖。分泌细胞类圆形或长圆形，含黄色分泌物。
(1) The powder is brown. There are more non-glandular hairs, which are single cells twisted and coiled into clusters with a diameter of 5-24μm. The glandular hairs are slightly club-shaped, with 4-8 cells in the head and 2 rows of cells in the stalk. The pollen grains are small, spherical, with a diameter of 25-48μm, and the surface has spines and 3 germination pores. The corolla hairs are branched, each branch is a single cell, and the tip is gradually pointed. The secretory cells are round or elongated, containing yellow secretions.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取款冬花对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。另取款冬酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2～5μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-丙酮（6︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To 1g of the powder add 20 ml of ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Coltsfoot Flower, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substance Coltsfoot Ketone, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and acetone(6:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-5 μl of each of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 2 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（85︰15）为流动相；检测波长为220nm。理论板数按款冬酮峰计算应不低于5000。
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (85:15) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 220nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of Coltsfoot Ketone should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取款冬酮对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of Coltsfoot Ketone reference substance, accurately weigh, add the mobile phase to make a solution containing 50μg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution: Take about 1g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of ethanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 200W, frequency 40kHz) for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight lost with ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate, which is the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Method: Precisely aspirate 20μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含款冬酮（C23H34O5）不得少于0.070%。
Calculated on the dried product, it contains not less than 0.070% of Coltsfoot Ketone (C23H34O5).

饮片 Prepared slices

款冬花 Farfara Flos

炮制 Processing

除去杂质及残梗。
Eliminate Foreign matter and residual peduncle.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the herb.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the herb.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the herb.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the herb.

蜜款冬花 Farfara Flos (processed with honey)

炮制 Processing

取净款冬花，照蜜炙法（通则0213）用蜜水炒至不粘手。
Take the clean Farfara Flos, according to the honey-roasted method <0213>, fried with honey water until not sticky.

性状 Description

本品形如款冬花，表面棕黄色或棕褐色，稍带黏性。具蜜香气，味微甜。
This product is shaped like Farfara Flos, the surface is brownish yellow or brown, slightly sticky. It has honey aroma and slightly sweet taste.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于22.0%。
Same as the herb, not less than 22.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the herb.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the herb.

性 Property

温。
warm.

味 Flavor

辛、微苦。
Pungent, mild bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

润肺下气，止咳化痰。
To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, suppress cough and resolve phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于新久咳嗽，喘咳痰多，劳嗽咳血。
Used for cough with phlegm, asthma with cough and abundant phlegm, and cough with blood due to lung deficiency.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, moisture-proof, and moth-proof.

款冬花

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾。12月或地冻前当花尚未出土时采挖，除去花梗和泥沙，阴干。
Common Coltsfoot Flower is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in December or before the ground is frozen while the flower is still under the ground, removed from pedicels and soil, and dried in shade.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆棒状。单生或2～3个基部连生，长1～2.5cm，直径0.5～1cm。上端较粗，下端渐细或带有短梗，外面被有多数鱼鳞状苞片。苞片外表面紫红色或淡红色，内表面密被白色絮状茸毛。体轻，撕开后可见白色茸毛。气香，味微苦而辛。
Long clavate. Solitary or 2-3 accreted at the base, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. The upper part broader and the lower part gradually slender or pedicelled, enclosed by numerous scaly bracts. The outer surface of bracts purplish-red or pale red,inner surface densely covered with white flocky hairs. Light, showing white hairs after ripping.Odour,aromatic;taste,slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕色。非腺毛较多，单细胞，扭曲盘绕成团，直径5～24μm。腺毛略呈棒槌形，头部4～8细胞，柄部细胞2列。花粉粒细小，类球形，直径25～48μm，表面具尖刺，3萌发孔。冠毛分枝状，各分枝单细胞，先端渐尖。分泌细胞类圆形或长圆形，含黄色分泌物。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取款冬花对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。另取款冬酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2～5μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-丙酮（6：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，再以同一展开剂展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201,the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Assay Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0502>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（85：15）为流动相；检测波长为220nm。理论板数按款冬酮峰计算应不低于5000。

对照品溶液的制备
取款冬酮对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率200W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含款冬酮（C23H34O5）不得少于0.070%。
It contains not less than 0.070 per cent of tussilagone (C23H34O5) ,calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

款冬花 Common Coltsfoot Flower

炮制 Processing

除去杂质及残梗。
Eliminate foreign matter and residual pedicels.

蜜款冬花 Common Coltsfoot Flower (processed with honey)

炮制 Processing

取净款冬花，照蜜炙法（通则0213）用蜜水炒至不粘手。
Stir-bake the clean Common Coltsfoot Flower as described under the method for stir-baking with honey<0213> until it is no longer sticky to fingers.

本品形如款冬花，表面棕黄色或棕褐色，稍带黏性。具蜜香气，味微甜。
Similar to the crude drug in shape, externally brownish-yellow or brown, slightly sticky; odour, honey-aromatic; taste, slightly sweet.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于22.0%。
Extractives Not less than 22.0 per cent as required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Assay As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、微苦，温。归肺经。
Warm; pungent, mild bitter. Meridian tropism: Lung meridian.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

润肺下气，止咳化痰。用于新久咳嗽，喘咳痰多，劳嗽咳血。
To moisten the lung, direct qi downward, suppress cough, and resolve phlegm. Indicated for acute and chronic cough, wheezing and cough with profuse sputum, cough caused by consumptive disease with hemoptysis.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防潮，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moisture and moth.