桑寄生

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桑寄生科植物桑寄生Taxillus chinensis（DC.）Danser的干燥带叶茎枝。冬季至次春采割，除去粗茎，切段，干燥，或蒸后干燥。
Taxillus Herb is the dried stem with leaf of Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser (Fam. Loranthaceae). The drug is collected in winter to early spring, removed from coarse stem, cut into sections, and dried, or steamed and dried.

性状 Description

本品茎枝呈圆柱形，长3～4cm，直径0.2～1cm；表面红褐色或灰褐色，具细纵纹，并有多数细小突起的棕色皮孔，嫩枝有的可见棕褐色茸毛；质坚硬，断面不整齐，皮部红棕色，木部色较浅。叶多卷曲，具短柄；叶片展平后呈卵形或椭圆形，长3~8cm，宽2～5cm；表面黄褐色，幼叶被细茸毛，先端钝圆，基部圆形或宽楔形，全缘；革质。气微，味涩。
Stems cylindrical, 3-4 cm long, 0.2-1 cm in diameter; externally reddish-brown or grayish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and numerous small brown lenticels, young branches sometimes with brownish-brown pubescence; texture hard, fracture uneven, bark reddish-brown, wood lighter in color. Leaves curled, with short petiole; leaf blade ovate or elliptical when flattened, 3-8 cm long, 2-5 cm wide; surface yellowish-brown, young leaves pubescent, apex obtuse-rounded, base rounded or broadly wedge-shaped, margin entire; leathery. Odour, slight; taste, astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞有时残存。木栓层为10余列细胞，有的含棕色物。皮层窄，老茎有石细胞群，薄壁细胞含棕色物。中柱鞘部位有石细胞群和纤维束，断续环列。韧皮部甚窄，射线散有石细胞。束内形成层明显。木质部射线宽1～4列细胞，近髓部也可见石细胞；导管单个散列或2～3个相聚。髓部有石细胞群，薄壁细胞含棕色物。有的石细胞含草酸钙方晶或棕色物。
（1）Transverse section of the stem of this product: epidermal cells sometimes remaining. The cork layer is more than 10 rows of cells, some containing brown matter. Cortex is narrow, old stems have clusters of stone cells, thin-walled cells containing brown matter. Middle column sheath area with clusters of stone cells and fibre bundles, intermittently annular. Phloem very narrow, rays scattered with stone cells. Formation layer in bundles is obvious. Xylem rays 1-4 columns wide, stone cells also visible near the pith; ducts single scattered or 2-3 aggregated. Pith with clusters of stone cells, thin-walled cells containing brown matter. Some stone cells contain calcium oxalate square crystals or brown matter.

粉末淡黄棕色。石细胞类方形、类圆形，偶有分枝，有的壁三面厚，一面薄，含草酸钙方晶。纤维成束，直径约17μm。具缘纹孔导管、网纹导管及螺纹导管多见。星状毛分枝碎片少见。
Powder yellowish brown. The stone cells are square, rounded, occasionally branched, some with thick walls on three sides and thin walls on one side, containing calcium oxalate square crystals. The fibres are bundled, about 17μm in diameter, and ciliated conduits, reticulated conduits and threaded conduits are common. Stellate hair branching fragments are rare.

（2）取本品粉末5g，加甲醇-水（1∶1）60ml，加热回流1小时，趁热滤过，滤液浓缩至约20ml，加水10ml，再加稀硫酸约0.5ml，煮沸回流1小时，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次30ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，浓缩至1ml，作为供试品溶液。另取槲皮素对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一用0.5%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯（水饱和）-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（5∶4∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 5 g of the powder add 60 ml of methanol-water (1:1), heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter while hot, evaporate the filtrate to about 20 ml, add 10 ml of water, then add about 0.5 ml of dilute sulfuric acid, boil under reflux for 1 hour, extract with two 30-ml portions of ethyl acetate, combine the ethyl acetate extracts, evaporate to 1 ml as the test solution. Dissolve quercetin CRS in ethyl acetate to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene (saturated with water)-ethyl acetate-formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 5% solution of aluminum chloride in ethanol, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

强心苷 Cardiac glycosides

取本品粗粉10g，加80%乙醇50ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10ml使溶解，滤过，滤液加乙醚振摇提取4次，每次15ml，弃去乙醚层，取下层水溶液，加醋酸铅饱和溶液至沉淀完全，滤过，滤液加乙醇10ml，加硫酸钠饱和溶液脱铅，滤过，滤液加三氯甲烷振摇提取3次，每次15ml，合并三氯甲烷液，浓缩至1ml。取浓缩液点于滤纸上，干后，滴加碱性3，5-二硝基苯甲酸溶液（取二硝基苯甲酸试液与氢氧化钠试液各1ml，混合），不得显紫红色。
To 10 g of the coarse powder add 50 ml of 80% ethanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of hot water, filter, extract with four 15-ml portions of ether, discard the ether layers, take the lower aqueous layer, add lead acetate saturated solution to complete precipitation, filter, add 10 ml of ethanol to the filtrate, remove lead with sodium sulfate saturated solution, filter, extract with three 15-ml portions of chloroform, combine the chloroform extracts, evaporate to 1 ml. Apply the concentrated solution to a piece of filter paper, dry, and add a drop of alkaline 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid solution (mix 1 ml of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid test solution with 1 ml of sodium hydroxide test solution), no purple-red color is produced.

饮片 Prepared slices

桑寄生 Taxillus Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略洗，润透，切厚片或短段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash briefly, soften briefly, cut into thick slices or short sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品为厚片或不规则短段。外表皮红褐色或灰褐色，具细纵纹，并有多数细小突起的棕色皮孔，嫩枝有的可见棕褐色茸毛。切面皮部红棕色，木部色较浅。叶多卷曲或破碎，完整者展平后呈卵形或椭圆形，表面黄褐色，幼叶被细茸毛，先端钝圆，基部圆形或宽楔形，全缘；革质。气微，味涩。
This product is thick slices or irregular short segments. The epidermis is reddish brown or greyish brown, with fine longitudinal lines, and most of the fine raised brown lenticels, and some of the shoots can be seen brown hairs. The cut surface is reddish brown in the cortex and lighter in the wood. Leaves are mostly curled or broken, the complete ones are ovate or elliptic when flattened, with yellow-brown surface, young leaves are covered with fine velvet hairs, apex obtuse-rounded, base rounded or broadly cuneate, entire; leathery. Slightly astringent flavour.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，补肝肾，强筋骨，安胎元。
To dispel wind and dampness, tonify the liver and kidneys, strengthen tendons and bones, and stabilize the fetus.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，崩漏经多，妊娠漏血，胎动不安，头晕目眩。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, weakness of tendons and bones, excessive menstrual bleeding, bleeding during pregnancy, restless fetal movement, dizziness, and vertigo.

用量 Dosage

9～15g.
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.

桑寄生

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桑寄生科植物桑寄生Taxillus chinensis（DC.）Danser的干燥带叶茎枝。冬季至次春采割，除去粗茎，切段，干燥，或蒸后干燥。
Chinese Taxillus Herb is the dried branch, with leaf, of Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser (Fam. Loranthaceae). The drug is collected in winter and spring, removed from thick stem, cut into section, and dried or dried after steaming.

性状 Description

本品茎枝呈圆柱形，长3～4cm，直径0.2～lcm；表面红褐色或灰褐色，具细纵纹，并有多数细小突起的棕色皮孔，嫩枝有的可见棕褐色茸毛；质坚硬，断面不整齐，皮部红棕色，木部色较浅。叶多卷曲，具短柄；叶片展平后呈卵形或椭圆形，长3～8cm，宽2～5cm；表面黄褐色，幼叶被细茸毛，先端钝圆，基部圆形或宽楔形，全缘；革质。气微，味涩。
Branches cylindrical, 3-4 cm long, 0.2-1 cm in diameter. Externally reddish-brown or greyish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and numerous fine prominent brown lenticels, some young branches with dark brown pubescences; texture hard, fracture irregular, bark reddish-brown, wood pale in colour. Leaves frequently rolled, short petioled, when whole, ovate or elliptical, 3-8 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, externally yellowish-brown, young leaves covered with fine pubescences, apex obtusely rounded, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin entire; texture leathery. Odour, slight; taste, astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞有时残存。木栓层为10余列细胞，有的含棕色物。皮层窄，老茎有石细胞群，薄壁细胞含棕色物。中柱鞘部位有石细胞群和纤维束，断续环列。韧皮部甚窄，射线散有石细胞。束内形成层明显。木质部射线宽1～4列细胞，近髓部也可见石细胞；导管单个散列或2～3个相聚。髓部有石细胞群，薄壁细胞含棕色物。有的石细胞含草酸钙方晶或棕色物。
粉末淡黄棕色。石细胞类方形、类圆形，偶有分枝，有的壁三面厚，一面薄，含草酸钙方晶。纤维成束，直径约17μm。具缘纹孔导管、网纹导管及螺纹导管多见。星状毛分枝碎片少见。

检查 Examination

强心苷 Cardiac glycoside

取本品粗粉10g，加80%乙醇50ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10ml使溶解，滤过，滤液加乙醚振摇提取4次，每次15ml，弃去乙醚层，取下层水溶液，加醋酸铅饱和溶液至沉淀完全，滤过，滤液加乙醇10ml，加硫酸钠饱和溶液脱铅，滤过，滤液加三氯甲烷振摇提取3次，每次15ml，合并三氯甲烷液，浓缩至1ml。取浓缩液点于滤纸上，干后，滴加碱性3，5-二硝基苯甲酸溶液（取二硝基苯甲酸试液与氢氧化钠试液各1ml，混合），不得显紫红色。
To 10 g of the coarse powder add 50 ml of 80% ethanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness on a water bath, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of hot water, filter, extract by shaking the filtrate with four 15-ml quantities of ether, discard the ethyl ether layer. To the water solution, add saturated lead acetate solution until the precipitate is completed, filter, to the filtrate add 10 ml of ethanol, then add saturated sodium sulfate solution to remove the lead ion, filter, extract the filtrate with three 15-ml quantities of chloroform by shaking, evaporate the combined chloroform solution to 1 ml. Drop the concentrated solution on a filter paper, dry, drop alkaline 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid solution (mix 1 ml of dinitrobenzoic acid TS and 1 ml of sodium hydroxide TS) on the paper, no purplish-red colour appears.

饮片 Prepared slices

桑寄生 Chinese Taxillus Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略洗，润透，切厚片或短段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash briefly, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，补肝肾，强筋骨，安胎元。
To dispel wind-dampness, tonify liver-kidney, strengthen sinew and bone, and prevent miscarriage.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，崩漏经多，妊娠漏血，胎动不安，头晕目眩。
Painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, soreness and weakness in the low back and knees, lack of strength of sinew and bone, menstrual flooding and spotting, profuse menstruation, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, threatened miscarriage, dizziness and vertigo.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.