桑叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥叶。初霜后采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Mulberry Leaf is the dried leaf of Morus alba L. (Fam. Moraceae). The drug is collected after the first frost, removed from impurities, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩、破碎。完整者有柄，叶片展平后呈卵形或宽卵形，长8～15 cm，宽7～13 cm。先端渐尖，基部截形、圆形或心形，边缘有锯齿或钝锯齿，有的不规则分裂。上表面黄绿色或浅黄棕色，有的有小疣状突起；下表面颜色稍浅，叶脉突出，小脉网状，脉上被疏毛，脉基具簇毛。质脆。气微，味淡、微苦涩。
Mulberry Leaf is irregularly crumpled and broken. When intact, it has a petiole and the leaf blade is ovate or broadly ovate, measuring 8-15 cm long and 7-13 cm wide. The apex is gradually pointed, the base is truncate, rounded, or cordate, and the margin is serrate or obtusely serrate, sometimes irregularly lobed. The upper surface is yellowish-green or pale yellow-brown, sometimes with small wart-like projections; the lower surface is slightly lighter in color, with prominent veins, a reticulate venation, sparse hairs on the veins, and tufted hairs at the vein bases. The texture is brittle. It has a slight odor and a mild, slightly bitter and astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色或黄棕色。上表皮有含钟乳体的大型晶细胞，钟乳体直径47～77 μm。下表皮气孔不定式，副卫细胞4～6个。非腺毛单细胞，长50～230 μm。草酸钙簇晶直径5～16 μm；偶见方晶。
(1)The powder of Mulberry Leaf is yellowish-green or yellow-brown. The upper epidermis contains large crystal cells with raphides, with a diameter of 47-77 μm. The stomata of the lower epidermis are anomocytic, with 4-6 subsidiary cells. Non-glandular hairs are single-celled, measuring 50-230 μm in length. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 5-16 μm; occasionally prismatic crystals are observed.

（2）取本品粉末2 g，加石油醚（60～90℃）30 ml，加热回流30分钟，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干，加乙醇30 ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10 ml，置60℃水浴上搅拌使溶解，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取桑叶对照药材2 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5∶2∶1）的上层溶液为展开剂，置用展开剂预饱和10分钟的展开缸内，展开约至8 cm，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2)To 2 g of the powder add 30 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), heat under reflux for 30 minutes, discard the petroleum ether, dry the residue, add 30 ml of ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, add 10 ml of hot water to the residue, stir on a water bath at 60°C to dissolve, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug of Mulberry Leaf using the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (5:2:1) as the upper layer mobile phase. Place the plate in a developing tank pre-saturated with the mobile phase for 10 minutes, develop to a distance of about 8 cm, remove, dry, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过13.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent,not less than 5.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为358 nm。理论板数按芦丁峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol as mobile phase A and 0.5% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B. Perform gradient elution according to the specified conditions in the table; detect at a wavelength of 358 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of rutin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取芦丁对照品适量，精密称定，用甲醇制成每1 ml含0.1 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of rutin reference substance, accurately weigh, and prepare a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml in methanol.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1 g，精密称定，置圆底烧瓶中，加甲醇50 ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤渣再用甲醇50 ml，同法提取2次，合并滤液，减压回收溶剂，残渣用甲醇溶解，转移至25 ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1 g of the powder of Mulberry Leaf (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place in a round-bottom flask, add 50 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, extract the residue with 50 ml of methanol using the same method for 2 times, combine the filtrates, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure, dissolve the residue in methanol, transfer to a 25 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately aspirate 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含芦丁（C27H30O16）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of rutin (C27H30O16) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

桑叶 Mulberry Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，搓碎，去柄，筛去灰屑。
Eliminate foreign matter, rub into pieces, remove the petioles, and sift to remove ash debris.

性状 Description

本品为不规则的破碎叶片。叶片边缘可见锯齿或钝锯齿，有的有不规则分裂。上表面黄绿色或浅黄棕色；下表面颜色稍浅，叶脉突出，小脉网状，脉上被疏毛，脉基具簇毛。质脆。气微，味淡、微苦涩。
This product is an irregular broken blade. The edge of the leaf blade can be seen as serrated or obtusely serrated, some with irregular division. The upper surface is yellowish green or light yellowish brown; the lower surface is slightly lighter in colour, with prominent veins, reticulate veinlets, sparsely hairy on the veins, and tufted hairs at the base of the veins. The texture is brittle. Gas faint, taste pale, slightly bitter and astringent.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

疏散风热，清肺润燥，清肝明目。
To disperse wind-heat, clear the lungs and moisten dryness, and clear the liver and improve vision.

主治 Indications

用于风热感冒，肺热燥咳，头晕头痛，目赤昏花。
Used for wind-heat common cold, lung heat with dry cough, dizziness and headache, and red eyes with dim vision.

用量 Dosage

5～10 g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

桑叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥叶。初霜后采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Mulberry Leaf is the dried leaf of Morus alba L. (Fam. Moraceae). The drug is collected at the early frost season, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩、破碎。完整者有柄，叶片展平后呈卵形或宽卵形，长8～15cm，宽7～13cm。先端渐尖，基部截形、圆形或心形，边缘有锯齿或钝锯齿，有的不规则分裂。上表面黄绿色或浅黄棕色，有的有小疣状突起；下表面颜色稍浅，叶脉突出，小脉网状，脉上被疏毛，脉基具簇毛。质脆。气微，味淡、微苦涩。
Mostly crumpled and broken. When whole, petioled, ovate or broadly ovate, 8-15 cm long, 7-13 cm wide; apex acuminate, base truncate, round or cordate, margin dentate or obtuse dentate, some irregularly partite. Upper surface yellowish-green or pale yellowish-brown, some with small warty protrudings; lower surface relatively light in colour, veins prominent, lateral veins reticulate, sparsely pubescent on the veins, cluster of hairs occurring at the vein base. Texture fragile. Odour, slight; taste, weak, slightly bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄绿色或黄棕色。上表皮有含钟乳体的大型晶细胞，钟乳体直径47～77μm。下表皮气孔不定式，副卫细胞4～6个。非腺毛单细胞，长50～230μm。草酸钙簇晶直径5～16μm；偶见方晶。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加石油醚（60～90℃）30ml，加热回流30分钟，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干，加乙醇30ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10ml，置60℃水浴上搅拌使溶解，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取桑叶对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5：2：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，置用展开剂预饱和10分钟的展开缸内，展开约至8cm，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过13.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dehydrated ethanol as the solvent, not less than 5.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相A，以0.5%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为358nm。理论板数按芦丁峰计算应不低于5000。

时间（分钟）
流动相A（%）
流动相B（%）
0～5
5～10
10～15
15～18 30
30→35
35→40
40→50 70
70→65
65→60
60→50

对照品溶液的制备 取芦丁对照品适量，精密称定，用甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Weigh accurately a quantity of rutin CRS, dried previously to constant weight at 120℃ in vacuum, dissolve in methanol to prepare a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml.

饮片 Prepared slices

桑叶 Mulberry Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，搓碎，去柄，筛去灰屑。
Eliminate foreign matter, rub to break, remove the petioles, sift off the dust.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

疏散风热，清肺润燥，清肝明目。
To disperse wind-heat, clear the heat, moisten dryness, clear the liver, and improve vision.

主治 Indications

用于风热感冒，肺热燥咳，头晕头痛，目赤昏花。
Common cold caused by wind-heat, lung heat, dryness cough, dlizziness, headache, red eyes, and blurry vision.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
N/A.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.