海马

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为海龙科动物线纹海马Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan et Snyder、刺海马Hippocampus histrix Kaup、大海马Hippocampus kuda Bleeker、三斑海马Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach或小海马（海蛆）Hippocampus japonicas Kaup的干燥体。夏、秋二季捕捞，洗净，晒干；或除去皮膜和内脏，晒干。
Hippocampus is the dried body of Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan et Snyder, Hippocampus histrix Kaup, Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach, or Hippocampus japonicas Kaup (Fam. Syngnathidae). It is collected in summer and autumn, washed, and dried; or the skin and viscera are removed and then dried.

性状 Description

线纹海马 Hippocampus

呈扁长形而弯曲，体长约30cm。表面黄白色。头略似马头，有冠状突起，具管状长吻，口小，无牙，两眼深陷。躯干部七棱形，尾部四棱形，渐细卷曲，体上有瓦楞形的节纹并具短棘。体轻，骨质，坚硬。气微腥，味微咸。
It is elongated and curved, about 30 cm long. The surface is yellowish-white. The head is slightly like a horse's head, with a coronal prominence, a tubular long snout, a small mouth, and no teeth. The trunk is seven-sided, and the tail is four-sided, gradually tapering and curling. There are corrugated segments and short spines on the body. The body is light, bony, and hard. It has a slight fishy odor and a slightly salty taste.

刺海马 Hippocampus

体长15～20cm。头部及体上环节间的棘细而尖。
It is about 15-20 cm long. The spines on the head and between the segments of the body are slender and sharp.

大海马 Hippocampus

体长20～30cm。黑褐色。
It is about 20-30 cm long. It is blackish-brown.

三斑海马 Hippocampus

体侧背部第1、4、7节的短棘基部各有1黑斑。
There is a black spot at the base of the short spines on the 1st, 4th, and 7th segments on the lateral back of the body.

小海马 Hippocampus

体形小，长7～10cm。黑褐色。节纹和短棘均较细小。
It is small, about 7-10 cm long. It is blackish-brown. The segments and short spines are relatively small.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末白色或黄白色。横纹肌纤维多碎断，有明暗相间的细密横纹；横断面观类长方形或长卵圆形，表面平滑，可见细点或裂缝状空隙。胶原纤维相互缠绕成团。皮肤碎片表面观细胞界限不清，可见棕色颗粒状色素物。骨碎片不规则形，骨陷窝呈长条形或裂缝状。
The powder is white or yellowish-white. The striated muscle fibers are fragmented, with alternating light and dark fine striations; the transverse section is oblong or elongated oval, with a smooth surface and visible fine dots or crack-like gaps. The collagen fibers are intertwined into clusters. The surface of the skin fragments shows unclear cell boundaries and brown granular pigment. The bone fragments are irregular in shape, and the bone lacunae are elongated or crack-like.

饮片 Prepared slices

海马 Hippocampus

炮制 Processing

用时捣碎或碾粉。
Crush or grind before use.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温肾壮阳，散结消肿。
To warm the kidney and strengthen yang, and to disperse masses and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于阳痿，遗尿，肾虚作喘，癥瘕积聚，跌扑损伤；外治痈肿疔疮。
Used for impotence, enuresis, asthma due to kidney deficiency, accumulation of masses, injuries from falls or blows, and externally for carbuncles, swelling, and sores.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，研末敷患处。
For external use, apply an appropriate amount of powdered drug to the affected area.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.

海马

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为海龙科动物线纹海马Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan et Snyder、刺海马 Hippocampus histrix Kaup、大海马 Hippocampus kuda Bleeker、三斑海马 Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach或小海马（海蛆）Hippocampus japonicus Kaup 的干燥体。夏、秋二季捕捞，洗净，晒干；或除去皮膜和内脏，晒干。
Sea Horse is the dried body of Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan et Snyder, Hippocampus histrix Kaup, Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach or Hippocampus japonicus Kaup (Fam. Syngnathidae). The drug is collected in summer or autumn, washed and dried in the sun; or removed from the skin and the viscera, then dried in the sun.

性状 Description

线纹海马 呈扁长形而弯曲，体长约30cm。表面黄白色。头略似马头，有冠状突起，具管状长吻，口小，无牙，两眼深陷。躯干部七棱形，尾部四棱形，渐细卷曲，体上有瓦楞形的节纹并具短棘。体轻，骨质，坚硬。气微腥，味微咸。
Body of Hippocampus kelloggi Long flattened and curved; about 30 cm long. Externally yellowish-white, with corrugated segment stripes and short spines. Head somewhat in the shape of a horse head, with a crown-like protuberance and a long tubular snout. Mouth small, toothless; eyes deeply sunken. Trunk seven-ridged, tail four-ridged, tapered and coiled. Texture light and hard, bony. Odour, slightly stinking; taste, slightly salty.

刺海马 体长15～20cm。头部及体上环节间的棘细而尖。
Body of Hippocampus histrix 15-20 cm long. The spines at the head and the segments of the body thin and pointed.

大海马 体长20～30cm。黑褐色。三斑海马体侧背部第1、4、7节的短棘基部各有1黑斑。
Body of Hippocampus kuda 20-30 cm long, blackish-brown. Hippocampus trimaculatus A black spot occurring at basal part of the short spines of the first, fourth and seventh segments of the lateral dorsal part.

小海马（海蛆） 体形小，长7～10cm。黑褐色。节纹和短棘均较细小。
Body of Hippocampus japonicus Small, 7-10 cm long, blackish-brown. Both segment stripes and short spines fine.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末白色或黄白色。横纹肌纤维多碎断，有明暗相间的细密横纹；横断面观类长方形或长卵圆形，表面平滑，可见细点或裂缝状空隙。胶原纤维相互缠绕成团。皮肤碎片表面观细胞界限不清，可见棕色颗粒状色素物。骨碎片不规则形，骨陷窝呈长条形或裂缝状。
The powder of this product is white or yellowish-white. The transverse striated muscle fibers are mostly broken, with fine and alternating light and dark transverse striations; the transverse section is oblong or elongated oval, with a smooth surface and visible fine dots or crack-like gaps. Collagen fibers are intertwined into clusters. The surface of the skin fragments shows unclear cell boundaries and brown granular pigment. The bone fragments are irregular in shape, and the bone lacunae are elongated or crack-like.

饮片 Prepared slices

海马 Sea Horse

炮制 Processing

用时捣碎或碾粉。
Eliminate dust and scraps. Break to pieces or pulverize before use.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、咸。
Sweet and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温肾壮阳，散结消肿。
To warm the kidney, invigorate yang, dissipate binds, and relieve swelling.

主治 Indications

用于阳痿，遗尿，肾虚作喘，癥瘕积聚，跌扑损伤；外治痈肿疔疮。
Impotence, enuresis, wheezing caused by kidney deficiency, abdominal masses, traumatic injuries wroas. Topical application: swelling abscess, deep-rooted boil, and sore.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。外用适量，研末敷患处。
3-9 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, ground it into powder for application.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.