益母草

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物益母草Leonurus japonicus Houtt.的新鲜或干燥地上部分。鲜品春季幼苗期至初夏花前期采割；干品夏季茎叶茂盛、花未开或初开时采割，晒干，或切段晒干。
Motherwort Herb is the fresh or dried aerial part of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Fam. Labiatae). The fresh herb is collected in the period from the seedling stage to the early flowering stage in spring; the dried herb is collected in summer when the stems and leaves are luxuriant and the flowers have not yet opened or have just opened, dried in the sun, or cut into sections and dried.

性状 Description

鲜益母草 Fresh Motherwort Herb

幼苗期无茎，基生叶圆心形，5～9浅裂，每裂片有2～3钝齿。花前期茎呈方柱形，上部多分枝，四面凹下成纵沟，长30～60cm，直径0.2-0.5cm；表面青绿色；质鲜嫩，断面中部有髓。叶交互对生，有柄；叶片青绿色，质鲜嫩，揉之有汁；下部茎生叶掌状3裂，上部叶羽状深裂或浅裂成3片，裂片全缘或具少数锯齿。气微，味微苦。
In the seedling stage, there is no stem. The basal leaves are round and heart-shaped, shallowly divided into 5-9 lobes, with 2-3 blunt teeth on each lobe. In the pre-flowering stage, the stem is square-cylindrical, with many branches at the upper part, and four sides are concave to form longitudinal grooves. It is 30-60 cm long and 0.2-0.5 cm in diameter. The surface is green, and the texture is fresh and tender, with medullary in the middle of the section. The leaves are opposite, petiolate; the leaf blades are green, fresh and tender, and have juice when rubbed; the lower stem leaves are palmately 3-lobed, and the upper leaves are pinnately deeply or shallowly 3-lobed, with entire or slightly serrated lobes. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

干益母草 Dried Motherwort Herb

茎表面灰绿色或黄绿色；体轻，质韧，断面中部有髓。叶片灰绿色，多皱缩、破碎，易脱落。轮伞花序腋生，小花淡紫色，花萼筒状，花冠二唇形。切段者长约2cm。
The stem surface is grayish-green or yellowish-green; the body is light, the texture is tough, and there is medullary in the middle of the section. The leaf blades are grayish-green, wrinkled, broken, and easily detached. The umbel inflorescence is axillary, and the flowers are pale purple, with tubular calyx and bilabiate corolla. The length of the cut section is about 2 cm.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞外被角质层，有茸毛；腺鳞头部4、6细胞或8细胞，柄单细胞；非腺毛1～4细胞。下皮厚角细胞在棱角处较多。皮层为数列薄壁细胞；内皮层明显。中柱鞘纤维束微木化。韧皮部较窄。木质部在棱角处较发达。髓部薄壁细胞较大。薄壁细胞含细小草酸钙针晶和小方晶。鲜品近表皮部分皮层薄壁细胞含叶绿体。。
(1)Transverse Section of the Stem：The epidermal cells are covered with a cuticle layer and have trichomes; glandular scales have 4, 6, or 8 cells in the head and a single cell in the stalk; non-glandular hairs have 1-4 cells. There are more thick-walled cells in the lower epidermis at the angles. The cortex consists of several rows of thin-walled cells; the endodermis is distinct. The sheath fibers of the central cylinder are slightly lignified. The phloem is relatively narrow. The xylem is well developed at the angles. The pith cells are larger and have small calcium oxalate prisms and small square crystals. The thin-walled cells in the epidermis of the fresh herb contain chloroplasts.

（2）取盐酸水苏碱〔含量测定〕项下的供试品溶液10ml，蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，离心，取上清液作为供试品溶液（鲜品干燥后粉碎，同法制成）。另取盐酸水苏碱对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5～10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以丙酮-无水乙醇-盐酸（10∶6∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，在105℃加热15分钟，放冷，喷以稀碘化铋钾试液-三氯化铁试液（10∶1）混合溶液至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2)To 10 ml of the test solution prepared under the "Determination of Content of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A" section, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of anhydrous ethanol, centrifuge, and take the supernatant as the test solution (the dried herb is pulverized and prepared by the same method). Prepare a solution of hydroxysafflor yellow A CRS in anhydrous ethanol to contain 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of acetone, anhydrous ethanol, and hydrochloric acid (10:6:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a mixture of a 10% solution of bismuth potassium iodide and a 1% solution of ferric chloride in ethanol until the spots are clearly visible. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

干益母草 Dried Motherwort Herb

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过11.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

干益母草 Dried Motherwort Herb

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Determination of Content

干益母草 Dried Motherwort Herb

盐酸水苏碱照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A by high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以丙基酰胺键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.2%冰醋酸溶液（80∶20）为流动相;用蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按盐酸水苏碱峰计算应不低于6000。
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: use a column packed with a silica gel bonded with octadecylsilyl; use acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid solution (80:20) as the mobile phase; detect with an evaporative light scattering detector. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of hydroxysafflor yellow A should not be less than 6000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取盐酸水苏碱对照品适量，精密称定，加70%乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，即得。
Prepare a solution of hydroxysafflor yellow A CRS: accurately weigh an appropriate amount of hydroxysafflor yellow A CRS, dissolve it in 70% ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%乙醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用70%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Prepare the test solution: accurately weigh about 1 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the test material, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 ml of 70% ethanol, weigh it, heat under reflux for 2 hours, cool, weigh it again, make up the weight lost with 70% ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液5μl、10μl、供试品溶液10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Method: accurately aspirate 5 μl, 10 μl of the solution of the reference substance, and 10-20 μl of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine, calculate by the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method, and obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含盐酸水苏碱（C7H13NO2•HCl）不得少于0.50%。
Calculated with reference to the dried herb, the content of hydroxysafflor yellow A (C7H13NO2•HCl) should not be less than 0.50%.

盐酸益母草碱 Leonurine hydrochloride

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of leonurine hydrochloride by high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.4%辛烷磺酸钠的0.1%磷酸溶液（24∶76）为流动相;检测波长为277nm。理论板数按盐酸益母草碱峰计算应不低于6000。
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: use a column packed with a silica gel bonded with octadecylsilyl; use acetonitrile-0.4% sodium octanesulfonate-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (24:76) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 277 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of leonurine hydrochloride should not be less than 6000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取盐酸益母草碱对照品适量，精密称定，加70%乙醇制成每1ml含30μg的溶液，即得。
Prepare a solution of leonurine hydrochloride CRS: accurately weigh an appropriate amount of leonurine hydrochloride CRS, dissolve it in 70% ethanol to produce a solution containing 30 μg per ml.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与盐酸水苏碱〔含量测定〕项下供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Method: accurately aspirate 10 μl of the solution of the reference substance and 10 μl of the test solution prepared under the "Determination of Content of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A" section, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含盐酸益母草碱（C14H21O5N3•HCl）不得少于0.050%。
Calculated with reference to the dried herb, the content of leonurine hydrochloride (C14H21O5N3•HCl) should not be less than 0.050%.

饮片 Prepared slices

鲜益母草 Fresh Motherwort Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，迅速洗净。
Eliminate impurities, quickly wash.

干益母草 Dried Motherwort Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，迅速洗净，略润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate impurities, quickly wash, slightly moisten, cut into sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。茎方形，四面凹下成纵沟，灰绿色或黄绿色。切面中部有白髓。叶片灰绿色，多皱缩、破碎。轮伞花序腋生，花黄棕色，花萼筒状，花冠二唇形。气微，味微苦。
The herb is irregular in sections. The stem is square-cylindrical, with four sides concave to form longitudinal grooves, grayish-green or yellowish-green. The cut section has white pith. The leaf blades are grayish-green, wrinkled, broken. The umbel inflorescence is axillary, and the flowers are yellowish-brown, with tubular calyx and bilabiate corolla. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于12.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 12.0 per cent.

含量测定 Determination of Content

同药材，含盐酸水苏碱（C7H13NO2•HC1）不得少于0.40%，含盐酸益母草碱（C14H21O5N3•HCl）不得少于0.040%。
Same as the crude drug，the content of hydroxysafflor yellow A (C7H13NO2•HCl) should not be less than 0.40%，the content of leonurine hydrochloride (C14H21O5N3•HCl) should not be less than 0.040%.

鉴别 Identification

（除茎横切面外）同药材。
(Except stem cross section) Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter, pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心包、膀胱经。
Liver, pericardium, bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

活血调经，利尿消肿，清热解毒。
To promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation, diuretic and reduce swelling, clear heat and detoxify.

主治 Indications

用于月经不调，痛经经闭，恶露不尽，水肿尿少，疮疡肿毒。
Used for irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, retained lochia, edema, oliguria, sores and abscesses, and swelling and toxicity.

用量 Dosage

9～30g；鲜品12～40g。
9-30 g; fresh herb 12-40 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution in pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

干益母草置干燥处；鲜益母草置阴凉潮湿处。
Preserve dried Motherwort Herb in a dry place; preserve fresh Motherwort Herb in a cool and humid place.

益母草

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物益母草Leonurus japonicus Houtt.的新鲜或干燥地上部分。鲜品春季幼苗期至初夏花前期采割；干品夏季茎叶茂盛、花未开或初开时采割，晒干，或切段晒干。
Motherwort Herb is the fresh or dried aerial part of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Fam. Labiatae). The fresh herb is collected from spring when seedling to early summer before flowering; the dried herb is collected in summer when foliage branch growing luxuriantly before or at the beginning of flowering, dried in the sun or dried after cutting into sections.

性状 Description

鲜益母草 幼苗期无茎，基生叶圆心形，5～9浅裂，每裂片有2～3钝齿。花前期茎呈方柱形，上部多分枝，四面凹下成纵沟，长30～60cm，直径0.2～0.5cm；表面青绿色；质鲜嫩，断面中部有髓。叶交互对生，有柄；叶片青绿色，质鲜嫩，揉之有汁；下部茎生叶掌状3裂，上部叶羽状深裂或浅裂成3片，裂片全缘或具少数锯齿。气微，味微苦。
Fresh herb of Leomurus japonicus Herb in seeding absent of stem,basal leaves rounded-cordate, margin 5-9 lobated, lobes 2-3 serrated. Stems before flowering square,frequently branched at the upper part, furrowed longitudinally on 4 sides,30-60 cm long,0.2 0.5 cm in diameter; externally dark green; texture fresh and tender, fracture medullated in the centre. Leaves alternately opposite,petioled,lamina dark green,texture fresh and tender,occurring juice on being crumpled. The lower leaves palmately ternate, the upper leave pinnatipartite or pinnatilobately ternate, lobes entire or slightly serrate. Odour,slight;taste,slightly bitter.

干益母草 茎表面灰绿色或黄绿色；体轻，质韧，断面中部有髓。叶片灰绿色，多皱缩、破碎，易脱落。轮伞花序腋生，小花淡紫色，花萼筒状，花冠二唇形。切段者长约2cm。
Dried herb of Leonurus japonicus Stems externally greyish-green or yellowish-green; texture light and pliable, fracture medullated in the centre. Lamina greyish-green, mostly crumpled and broken, easily fallen off. Verticillaster axillary, florets pale purple, calyx tubular, corolla bilabiated. Cutting sections about 2 cm long.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞外被角质层，有茸毛；腺鱗头部4、6细胞或8细胞，柄单细胞；非腺毛1～4细胞。下皮厚角细胞在棱角处较多。皮层为数列薄壁细胞；内皮层明显。中柱鞘纤维束微木化。韧皮部较窄。木质部在棱角处较发达。髓部薄壁细胞较大。薄壁细胞含细小草酸钙针晶和小方晶。鲜品近表皮部分皮层薄壁细胞含叶绿体。
(1)Transverse section of stem: Epidermal cells covered with cuticle at outer walls, pubescent, glandular scales with a 4-,6- or 8-celled head and an unicellular stalk; non-glandular hairs 1- to 4-celled. Hypodermal collenchymatous cells abundant at the ridges. Cortex consisting of several layers of parenchymatous cells; endodermis distinct. Pericyclic fibre bundles slightly lignified. Phloem relatively narrow.Xylem well developed in the angular region. Meddulary parenchymatous cells relatively large. Parenchymatous cells containing minute needle crystals of calcium oxalate and small prisms. Cortex parenchymatous cells near epidermis containing chromoplasts for the fresh herb.

（2）取盐酸水苏碱〔含量测定〕项下的供试品溶液10ml，蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，离心，取上清液作为供试品溶液（鲜品干燥后粉碎，同法制成）。另取盐酸水苏碱对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5～10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以丙酮-无水乙醇-盐酸（10：6：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，在105℃加热15分钟，放冷，喷以稀碘化铋钾试液-三氯化铁试液（10：1）混合溶液至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Prepare 10 ml of the test solution as described under Assay of stachydrine hydrochloride and evaporate to dryness( pulverized after drying for the fresh herb,prepared in the same manner). Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of dehydratedethanol,centrifuge and use the supernatant as the test solution. Dissolve stachydrine hydrochloride CRS in dehydrated ethanol to prepare a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution.Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>,using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of acetone,dehydrated ethanol and hydrochloric acid ( 10 : 6: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of each of the above two solutions.After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air,and heat at 105℃ for 15 minutes,cool,and spray with a mixture of potassium iodobismuthate dilute TS-ferric chloride TS ( 10 : 1) to the spots clear.The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

干益母草不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

干益母草不得过11.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

干益母草 照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201,the hot extraction method>,not less than 15.0 percent.

含量测定 Assay

干益母草 盐酸水苏碱照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use propyl amide bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.2%glacial acetic acid(80: 20) as the mobile phase. Use an evaporative light scattering detector. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 6000, calculated with reference to the peak of stachydrine hydrochloride.

盐酸益母草碱 照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 0. 4% sodium octanesulfonate in0.1% phosphoric acid ( 24 : 76 ) as the mobile phase.As detector a spectrophotometer set at 277 nm.The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 6000,calculated with reference to the peak of leonufine hydrochloride.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

鲜益母草 除去杂质，迅速洗净。
干益母草 除去杂质，迅速洗净，略润，切段，干燥。

本品呈不规则的段。茎方形，四面凹下成纵沟，灰绿色或黄绿色。切面中部有白髓。叶片灰绿色，多皱缩、破碎。轮伞花序腋生，花黄棕色，花萼筒状，花冠二唇形。气微，味微苦。
The prepared slices of Motherwort Herb are irregular in shape. The stems are square with furrows on all four sides, and they are greyish-green or yellowish-green in color. The cross-section of the stem has a white medulla in the center. The leaves are greyish-green, often wrinkled, crumpled, and broken. The verticillasters are axillary, and the flowers are yellowish-brown. The calyx is tubular, and the corolla is bilabiate. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于12.0%。
The extractives of the prepared slices should not be less than 12.0%.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含盐酸水苏碱（C7H13NO2•HC1）不得少于0.40%，含盐酸益母草碱（C14H21O5N3•HC1）不得少于0.040%。
The assay of the prepared slices should contain not less than 0.40% of stachydrine hydrochloride (C7H13NO2·HCl) and not less than 0.040% of leonurine hydrochloride (C14H21O5N3·HCl).

鉴别 Identification

（除茎横切面外）【检查】同药材。
Identification: (except for the transverse section of the stem) Examination: Same as the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，微寒。归肝、心包、膀胱经。
Property and Flavor: Bitter, pungent; slightly cold. Meridian tropism: Liver, pericardium, bladder meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

活血调经，利尿消肿，清热解毒。用于月经不调，痛经经闭，恶露不尽，水肿尿少，疮疡肿毒。
Actions and Indications: Activates blood circulation and regulates menstruation, diuretic and reduces swelling, clears heat and detoxifies. Used for irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, incomplete lochia, edema, oliguria, sores, ulcers, swelling, and toxins.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

9～30g；鲜品12～40g。
Administration and Dosage: 9-30 g; fresh herb: 12-40 g.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Precautions: Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

干益母草置干燥处；鲜益母草置阴凉潮湿处。
Storage: Store dried Motherwort Herb in a dry place; store fresh Motherwort Herb in a cool and moist place.