高良姜

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为姜科植物高良姜Alpinia officinarum Hance的干燥根茎。夏末秋初采挖，除去须根和残留的鳞片，洗净，切段，晒干。
Galangal Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in late summer or early autumn, removed from rootlets and residual scales, washed clean, cut into sections, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，多弯曲，有分枝，长5～9 cm，直径1～1.5 cm。表面棕红色至暗褐色，有细密的纵皱纹和灰棕色的波状环节，节间长0.2～1 cm，一面有圆形的根痕。质坚韧，不易折断，断面灰棕色或红棕色，纤维性，中柱约占1/3。气香，味辛辣。
Rhizomes cylindrical, often curved, branched, 5-9 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter; externally reddish-brown to dark brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and grayish-brown annulations, internodes 0.2-1 cm long, one side with circular root scars; texture tough, not easily broken, fracture grayish-brown or reddish-brown, fibrous, pith occupying about 1/3 of the diameter. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞外壁增厚，有的含红棕色物。皮层中叶迹维管束较多，外韧型。内皮层明显。中柱外韧型维管束甚多，束鞘纤维成环，木化。皮层及中柱薄壁组织中散有多数分泌细胞，内含黄色或红棕色树脂状物；薄壁细胞充满淀粉粒。
（1）Trans verse section: The outer walls of epidermal cells thickened, some cells containing reddish brown content. Leaf trace bundles relatively abundan in cortex, collateral. Endodermis distinct. Collateral vascular bundle numerous in stele, vascular bundle sheath fibres arranged in a ring and lignified. Secretory cells abundantly scattered in parenchyma of cortex and stele, containing yellow or reddish-brown resinous contents. Parenchymatous cells filled with starch granules.

（2）取本品粉末5 g，置圆底烧瓶中，加水200 ml，连接挥发油测定器，自测定器上端加水使充满刻度部分，并溢流入烧瓶为止，加正己烷3 ml，连接回流冷凝管，加热至微沸，并保持2小时，放冷，取正己烷液作为供试品溶液。另取高良姜对照药材5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯（19∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105 °C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 5 g of the powder add 200 ml of water in a rounded bottom flask, connect with a volatile oil determination tube, add water from the top of determination tube until the graduated part filled and overflowing into the flask, add 3 ml of n-hexane and connect with reflux condenser, heat to slightly boil for 2 hours, cool and use the n-hexane solution as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 5 g of Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate (19: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with a 5% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid, heat at 105 °C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液（55∶45）为流动相；检测波长为266 nm。理论板数按高良姜素峰计算应不低于6000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (55: 45) as the mobile phase; detect at the wavelength of 266 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of galangin should not be less than 6000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取高良姜素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含40 μg的溶液，即得。
Accurately weighing an appropriate amount, dissolving in methanol to produce a solution containing 40 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50 ml，密塞，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Accurately weighing about 0.2 g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve), placing it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately adding 50 ml of methanol, stoppering the flask, determining the weight, heating under reflux for 1 hour, cooling, determining the weight again, making up the loss in weight with methanol, shaking well, filtering, and taking the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately absorbing 10 μl of each of the solutions of the reference substance and the test substance, inject into a liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含高良姜素（C15H10O5）不得少于0.70%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of galangin (C15H10O5) should not be less than 0.70%.

饮片 Prepared slices

高良姜 Galangal Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈类圆形或不规则形的薄片。外表皮棕红色至暗棕色，有的可见环节和须根痕。切面灰棕色至红棕色，外周色较淡，具多数散在的筋脉小点，中心圆形，约占1/3。气香，味辛辣。
This product is in the form of rounded or irregularly shaped thin tablets. The epidermis is brownish red to dark brown, with some visible links and root scars. The cut surface is grayish brown to reddish brown, the periphery is lighter in color, with most scattered vein dots, the center is rounded, accounting for about 1/3. it is fragrant and pungent in taste.

检查 ｜ Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得超过13.0%。
As required for the crude drug. Not more than 13.0 per cent.

总灰分 ｜ Total ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 ｜ Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

热。
Hot.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃经。
Spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

温胃止呕，散寒止痛。
To warm the stomach and stop vomiting, dispel cold and alleviate pain.

主治 Indications

用于脘腹冷痛，胃寒呕吐，嗳气吞酸。
Used for cold pain in the epigastrium, vomiting due to stomach cold, belching, and acid regurgitation.

用量 Dosage

3～6 g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

高良姜

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为姜科植物高良姜Alpinia officinarum Hance的干燥根茎。夏末秋初采挖，除去须根和残留的鳞片，洗净，切段，晒干。
Lesser Galangal Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, removed from fibrous roots and remaining leaf scales, washed clean, cut into sections, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，多弯曲，有分枝，长5～9cm，直径1～1.5cm。表面棕红色至暗褐色，有细密的纵皱纹和灰棕色的波状环节，节间长0.2～1cm，一面有圆形的根痕。质坚韧，不易折断，断面灰棕色或红棕色，纤维性，中柱约占1/3。气香，味辛辣。
Cylindrical, often curved, branched. 5-9 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Externally brownish-red to dark brown, with fine and dense longitudinal wrinkles and greyish-brown sinuous annular nodes, internode 0.2-1 cm long, bearing round root scars on one side. Texture hard and tenacious, uneasy to break, fracture greyish-brown or reddish-brown, fibrous, stele occupying about 1/3 area of the rhizome. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞外壁增厚，有的含红棕色物。皮层中叶迹维管束较多，外韧型。内皮层明显。中柱外韧型维管束甚多，束鞘纤维成环，木化。皮层及中柱薄壁组织中散有多数分泌细胞，内含黄色或红棕色树脂状物；薄壁细胞充满淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末5g，置圆底烧瓶中，加水200ml，连接挥发油测定器，自测定器上端加水使充满刻度部分，并溢流入烧瓶为止，加正己烷3ml，连接回流冷凝管，加热至微沸，并保持2小时，放冷，取正己烷液作为供试品溶液。另取高良姜对照药材5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯（19：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 4).

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.2% solution of phosphoric acid (55 : 45) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 266 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 6000, calculated with reference to the peak of galangin

饮片 Prepared slices

高良姜 Lesser Galangal

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

辛，热。
Hot; pungent.

味 Flavor

辛辣。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃经。
Spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

温胃止呕，散寒止痛。
To warm the stomach, stop vomiting, dissipate cold, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

脘腹冷痛，胃寒呕吐，嗳气吞酸。
Cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting caused by stomach cold, belching and acid reflux.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.