凌霄花

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为紫葳科植物凌霄Campsis grandiflora（Thunb.）K.Schum.或美洲凌霄Campsis radicans（L.）Seem.的干燥花。夏、秋二季花盛开时采摘，干燥。
Campsis Flower is the dried flower of Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K.Schum. or Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. (Fam. Bignoniaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn at flowering, and dried.

性状 Description

凌霄 Campsis grandiflora

多皱缩卷曲，黄褐色或棕褐色，完整花朵长4～5cm。萼筒钟状，长2～2.5cm，裂片5，裂至中部，萼筒基部至萼齿尖有5条纵棱。花冠先端5裂，裂片半圆形，下部联合呈漏斗状，表面可见细脉纹，内表面较明显。雄蕊4，着生在花冠上，2长2短，花药个字形，花柱1，柱头扁平。气清香，味微苦、酸。
Flowers complete, 6-7 cm long. Calyx tubular, 1.5-2 cm long, hard and leathery, 5-toothed at apex, teeth short and triangular, about 1/3 as long as calyx tube, without obvious longitudinal ridges on the outside of calyx tube; corolla with distinct dark brown veins on inner surface.

美洲凌霄 Campsis radicans

完整花朵长6～7cm。萼筒长1.5～2cm，硬革质，先端5齿裂，裂片短三角状，长约为萼筒的1/3，萼筒外无明显的纵棱；花冠内表面具明显的深棕色脉纹。
Complete flowers 6-7 cm long; calyx tube 1.5-2 cm long, stiffly leathery, apex 5-toothed, lobes short triangular, ca. 1/3 as long as the calyx tube, no obvious longitudinal ribs outside the calyx tube; inner surface of corolla with obvious dark brown veins.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄棕色。花粉粒类圆形，直径24～31μm，具3孔沟，表面有极细密的网状雕纹。腺毛淡黄色或黄棕色，头部多细胞，呈扁圆形、类圆形或长圆形，侧面观细胞似栅状排列1～2层，柄部1～3细胞。花冠表皮细胞类多角形；具螺纹导管。
(1) The powder is yellowish-brown. Pollen grains are nearly spherical, measuring 24-31 μm in diameter, with 3 furrows and a finely reticulate surface. Glandular hairs are pale yellow or yellowish-brown, with multicellular heads that are flattened-round, nearly round, or elongated, with cells arranged in 1-2 layers in a lattice-like pattern on the side, and 1-3 cells at the base of the stalk. Epidermal cells of the corolla are mostly polygonal, and there are spiral ducts.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加石油醚（60～90℃）15ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣加甲醇15ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取凌霄花对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（9∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛硫酸乙醇溶液（1→10），在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置日光下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 0.5 g of the powder, add 15 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, discard the petroleum ether solution, add 15 ml of methanol to the residue, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5 g of the reference drug Lingxiaohua, and prepare the reference drug solution using the same method. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> by applying 3 μl of each of the above two solutions to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1) as the mobile phase. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 2% solution of vanillin in 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight. The chromatogram obtained with the test solution shows spots of the same colour and at the corresponding positions as those obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、酸。
Sweet and sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心包经。
Liver and Pericardium meridians.

功能 Actions

活血通经，凉血祛风。
To promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation, cool blood and dispel wind.

主治 Indications

用于月经不调，经闭癥瘕，产后乳肿，风疹发红，皮肤瘙痒，痤疮。
Used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, abdominal masses after childbirth, redness and swelling due to wind-heat, itchy skin, and acne.

用量 Dosage

5～9g。
5-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.

凌霄花

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为紫崴科植物凌霄Campsis grandiflora （Thunb.）K.Schum.或美洲凌霄Campsis radicans（L.）Seem.的干燥花。夏、秋二季花盛开时采摘，干燥。
Trumpetcreeper Flower is the dried flower of Campsis grandiflora Thunb.) K. Schum. or Campsis radicans (L.) Seem.(Fam. Bignoniaceae). The drug is collected at flowering season or period in summer and autumn, and dried.

性状 Description

凌霄 多皱缩卷曲，黄褐色或棕褐色，完整花朵长4～5cm。萼筒钟状，长2～2.5cm，裂片5，裂至中部，萼筒基部至萼齿尖有5条纵棱。花冠先端5裂，裂片半圆形，下部联合呈漏斗状，表面可见细脉纹，内表面较明显。雄蕊4，着生在花冠上，2长2短，花药个字形，花柱1，柱头扁平。气清香，味微苦、酸。
Flower of Campsis grandiflora Frequently shrunken and curved, yellowish-brown to brown, the whole one,4-5 cm long. Calyx tube campanulate,2-2.5 cm long. 5-lobed,up to the middle of calyx tube, bearing 5 longitudinal lines from the base of calyx tube to the apex of calyx tooth. Corolla 5-lobed at the apex,lobes hemicircular, connected at the lower part, funnel-shaped, with fine striations on the surface, relatively distinct on the inner surface. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on the corolla tube, anthers-shaped,style 1, stigma flat. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and sour.

美洲凌霄 完整花朵长6～7cm。萼筒长1.5～2cm，硬革质，先端5齿裂，裂片短三角状，长约为萼筒的1/3，萼筒外无明显的纵棱；花冠内表面具明显的深棕色脉纹。
Flower of Campsis radicans The whole one, 6-7 cm long. Calyx tube 1.5-2 cm long, coriaceous. 5-toothed at the apex, the teeth short triangular, about 1/3 in length of calyx tube, longitudinal lines on the outer surface of calyx tube indistinct. The inner surface of corolla tube bearing distinct, dark brown striations.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄棕色。花粉粒类圆形，直径24～31μm，具3孔沟，表面有极细密的网状雕纹。腺毛淡黄色或黄棕色，头部多细胞，呈扁圆形、类圆形或长圆形，侧面观细胞似栅状排列1～2层，柄部1～3细胞。花冠表皮细胞类多角形；具螺纹导管。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加石油醚（60～90℃）15ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣加甲醇15ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取凌霄花对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（9：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置碘蒸气中熏至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、酸，寒。归肝、心包经。
Cold:sweet, sour. Liver and pericardium meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

活血通经，凉血祛风。用于月经不调，经闭癥瘕，产后乳肿，风疹发红，皮肤瘙痒，痤疮。
To activate blood, unblock the meridian, cool the blood and dispel wind. Menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, abdo-minal masses, postpartum mammary swelling, red rubella, itching of skin.and acne.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

5～9g。
5-9 g.

注意 Precautions and warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.