狼毒

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为大戟科植物月腺大戟Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata或狼毒大戟Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，切片，晒干。
Euphorbia Root is the dried root of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata or Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, sliced, and dried.

性状 Description

月腺大戟 Euphorbia ebracteolata

为类圆形或长圆形块片，直径1.5～8cm，厚0.3～4cm。外皮薄，黄棕色或灰棕色，易剥落而露出黄色皮部。切面黄白色，有黄色不规则大理石样纹理或环纹。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面有粉性。气微，味微辛。
Irregularly shaped or elongated pieces, measuring 1.5-8 cm in diameter and 0.3-4 cm in thickness. Outer surface thin, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, easily peeled off to expose the yellowish cork. Cut surface yellowish-white, with yellowish irregular marble-like texture or ring-like pattern. Light in weight, brittle in texture, easily broken, and powdery on the fractured surface. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.

狼毒大戟 Euphorbia fischeriana

外皮棕黄色，切面纹理或环纹显黑褐色。水浸后有黏性，撕开可见黏丝。
Outer surface brownish-yellow, cut surface with blackish-brown texture or ring-like pattern. Sticky after soaking in water, visible sticky filaments when torn.

鉴别 Identification

月腺大戟 Euphorbia ebracteolata

（1）粉末黄白色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒球形、长圆形或半圆形，直径3～34μm，脐点裂隙状、人字状或星状，大粒层纹隐约可见；复粒由2～5粒组成；半复粒易见。网状具缘纹孔导管18～80μm 。无节乳管多碎断，所含的油滴状分泌物散在;有时可见乳管内充满黄色分泌物。
(1)Powder yellowish white. Numerous starch grains, single grains spherical, elongated or semi-circular, measuring 3-34 μm in diameter, with hilum fissure-like, herringbone-like or star-like, faintly visible large-grain layer striations; compound grains consisting of 2-5 grains; half-compound grains easily visible. Reticulate vessels with bordered pits, measuring 18-80 μm. Laticiferous vessels mostly fragmented, containing droplet-like secretions scattered; sometimes laticiferous vessels filled with yellow secretions.

狼毒大戟 Euphorbia fischeriana

粉末黄棕色。淀粉粒单粒直径至24μm，复粒由2～7粒组成，半复粒少见。网状具缘纹孔导管102μm，乳汁无色。
Powder yellowish brown.Single starch grains up to 24 μm in diameter, compound grains consisting of 2-7 grains, few half-compound grains. Reticulate vessels with bordered pits, measuring 102 μm. Latex colorless.

（2）取本品粗粉2g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取狼毒对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（8.5∶1.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105C加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2)To 2 g of the coarse powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug Euphorbia fischeriana in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

生狼毒 Euphorbia Root（unprepared）

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切片，晒干。
Eliminate impurities, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

月腺大戟 Euphorbia ebracteolata

本品为类圆形、长圆形或不规则块片。外皮薄，黄棕色或灰棕色，易剥落而露出黄色皮部。切面黄白色，有淡黄白色至黄棕色不规则大理石样纹理或环纹。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面有粉性。气微，味微辛。
Irregularly shaped or elongated pieces. Outer surface thin, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, easily peeled off to expose the yellowish cork. Cut surface yellowish-white, with yellowish-white to yellowish-brown irregular marble-like texture or ring-like pattern. Light in weight, brittle in texture, easily broken, and powdery on the fractured surface. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.

狼毒大戟 Euphorbia fischeriana

外皮棕黄色，切面纹理或环纹显黑褐色。水浸后有黏性，撕开可见黏丝。
Outer surface brownish-yellow, cut surface with blackish-brown texture or ring-like pattern. Sticky after soaking in water, visible sticky filaments when torn.

醋狼毒 Vinegar-treated Euphorbia Root

炮制 Processing

取净狼毒片，照醋制法（通则0213）炒干。
Take clean Euphorbia Root and fry them dry according to the vinegar method <0213>.

每100kg狼毒片，用醋30～50kg。
For every 100 kg of Euphorbia Root, use 30-50 kg of vinegar.

性状 Description

本品形如狼毒。颜色略深，闻之微有醋香气。
The drug is similar to Euphorbia Root. It is slightly darker in color and has a slight vinegar aroma.

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过7.0%。
Same as the herb,not more than 7.0 per cent.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过1.0%。
Same as the herb,not more than 1.0 per cent.

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the herb.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于20.0%。
Same as the herb,not less than 20.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the herb.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

毒性 Toxicity

有毒
Toxic.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

散结，杀虫。
To disperse nodules and kill parasites.

主治 Indications

外用于淋巴结核、皮藓；灭蛆。
To disperse nodules and kill parasites. Used externally for lymphadenitis, tinea, and maggot infestation.

用量 Dosage

无。
None.

用法 Administration

熬膏外敷。
Decocted for external application.

注意 Precautions

不宜与密陀僧同用。
Not to be used with Mitosan.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.

狼毒

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为大戟科植物月腺大戟Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata或狼毒大戟 Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，切片，晒干。
Bracteole-lacked Euphorbia Root is the dried root of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata or Euphorbia fischeriana Steud (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in autumn and spring, washed clean, cut into slices, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

月腺大戟 为类圆形或长圆形块片，直径1.5～8cm，厚0.3～4cm。外皮薄，黄棕色或灰棕色，易剥落而露出黄色皮部。切面黄白色，有黄色不规则大理石样纹理或环纹。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面有粉性。气微，味微辛。
Root of Euphorbia ebracteolata Subrounded or oblong pieces or slices, 1.5-8 cm in diameter, 0.3-4 cm in thickness. Outer bark thin, yellowish-brown or greyish-brown, easily exfoliated and exposed the yellow inner bark. Cut surface yellowish-white, bearing yellow irregular marbly striations or annular rings. Texture light and fragile, easily broken, fracture starchy. Odour, slight; taste slightly pungent.

狼毒大戟 外皮棕黄色，切面纹理或环纹显黑褐色。水浸后有黏性，撕开可见黏丝。
Root of Euphorbia fischeriana Outer bark brownish-yellow, cut surface bearing blackish-brown striations or annular rings. Showing viscousness after soaked in water, viscous threads visible when tom.

鉴别 Identification

（1）月腺大戟 粉末黄白色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒球形、长圆形或半圆形，直径3～34μm，脐点裂隙状、人字状或星状，大粒层纹隐约可见；复粒由2～5粒组成；半复粒易见。网状具缘纹孔导管18～80μm。无节乳管多碎断，所含的油滴状分泌物散在；有时可见乳管内充满黄色分泌物。狼毒大戟粉末黄棕色。淀粉粒单粒直径至24μm，复粒由2～7粒组成，半复粒少见。网状具缘纹孔导管102μm，乳汁无色。
(1) Powder: Root of Euphorbia ebrac-teolata Yellowish-white. Starch granules numerous, single granules spherical, oblong or semirounded, 3-34 μm in diameter, hilum cleft, V-shaped or stellated, striations faint visible in large ones; compound granules of 2-5 components; semi-compound granules easily found. Reti-culate bordered pitted vessels 18-80 μm in diameter. Nonarticulate laticiferous tubes mostly broken, oil drops scattered; sometimes yellow secretions full of the tube.

（2）取本品粗粉2g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取狼毒对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（8.5：1.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 2 g of the coarse powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool and filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 2 g of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (8.5 : 1.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105℃ to spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

狼毒 Bracteole-lacked Euphorbia

炮制 Processing

生狼毒 除去杂质，洗净，润透，切片，晒干。
Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix (unprepared) Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices and dry in the sun.

醋狼毒 取净狼毒片，照醋制法（通则0213）炒干。
Euphorbiae Ebraeteolatae Radix (stir-baked with vinegar) Stir-bake the slices of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix as described under the method of stir-baking with vinegar <0213> to dryness. To each 100 kg of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix add 30-50 kg of vinegar.

每100kg狼毒片，用醋30～50kg。本品形如狼毒。颜色略深，闻之微有醋香气。
The shape similar to the crude drugs, externally somewhat deeper in colour, slightly with vinegar odour.

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过7.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 7.0 per cent.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过1.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 1.0 per cent.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于20.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 20.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】（水分）同药材。
【性味与归经】辛，平；有毒。归肝、脾经。