徐长卿

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为萝藦科植物徐长卿Cynanchum paniculatum（Bge.）Kitag.的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖，除去杂质，阴干。
Cynanchum Paniculatum Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. (Fam. Asclepiadaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from impurities, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品根茎呈不规则柱状，有盘节，长0.5～3.5cm，直径2～4mm。有的顶端带有残茎，细圆柱形，长约2cm，直径1～2mm，断面中空；根茎节处周围着生多数根。根呈细长圆柱形，弯曲，长10～16cm，直径1～1.5mm。表面淡黄白色至淡棕黄色或棕色，具微细的纵皱纹，并有纤细的须根。质脆，易折断，断面粉性，皮部类白色或黄白色，形成层环淡棕色，木部细小。气香，味微辛凉。
Rhizomes irregularly cylindrical, with nodes, 0.5-3.5 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter. Some with residual stem at the apex, slender cylindrical, about 2 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, hollow in the cross-section; several roots arise from the nodes. Roots slender and cylindrical, curved, 10-16 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Surface pale yellowish-white to pale brownish-yellow or brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and with slender rootlets. Texture brittle, easily broken, fracture mealy; bark whitish or yellowish-white, forming a ring, wood small. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly pungent and cool.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末浅灰棕色。外皮层细胞表面观类多角形，垂周壁细波状弯曲，细胞间有一类方形小细胞，木化；侧面观呈类长方形，有的细胞径向壁有增厚的细条纹。草酸钙簇晶直径7～45μm。分泌细胞类圆形或长椭圆形，内含淡黄棕色分泌物。内皮层细胞类长方形，垂周壁细波状弯曲。
(1)The powder is light grayish-brown. The surface view of the outer epidermal cells is polygonal, the periclinal wall is finely undulate, and there are a type of square-shaped small cells between the cells, which are lignified; the side view is oblong, and some cells have thickened radial walls with fine striations. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 7-45 μm. Secretory cells are round or elongated, containing pale yellowish-brown secretions. The cells of the endodermis are rectangular and the periclinal walls are finely undulate.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加丙酮1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取丹皮酚对照品，加丙酮制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5μl、对照品溶液10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以盐酸酸性5%的三氯化铁乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝褐色斑点。
(2) Take 1g of powder, add 10ml of ether, tight plug, shake for 10 minutes, filter, filtrate evaporate, residue with acetone 1ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Also take the control of salvinorin, add acetone to make a solution containing 2mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the test solution 5μl, control solution 10μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, cyclohexane - ethyl acetate (3:1) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with hydrochloric acid acid 5% ferric chloride ethanol solution, heated until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test article, the same blue-brown spots were shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control article.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加丙酮1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取徐长卿对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯（10∶2∶0.8）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
(3) Take 1g of this product powder, add 10ml of ether, close the plug, shake for 10 minutes, filter, filtrate evaporation, residue with acetone 1ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Take 1g of control herb of Xu Changqing, and make control herb solution by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 5μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, cyclohexane - trichloromethane - ethyl acetate (10:2:0.8) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated to 105 ℃ until the spots are clear and clear, respectively, placed in the sunlight and ultraviolet light (365 nm) to check. In the chromatogram of the test material, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control material, the spots of the same colour or fluorescent spots.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（45∶55）为流动相；检测波长为274nm。理论板数按丹皮酚峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; methanol-water (45:55) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 274 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated from the peak of paeonol should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取丹皮酚对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含20μg的溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of paeonol reference standard, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 20 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率33kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1ml，置10ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Accurately weigh about 0.5 g of the coarse powder of the test material, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of methanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 33 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the loss in weight with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately measure 1 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and set aside.

测定法 Method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含丹皮酚（C9H10O3）不得少于1.3%。
Calculate the content of paeonol (C9H10O3) in the dried drug, which should not be less than 1.3%.

饮片 Prepared slices

徐长卿 Cynanchum Paniculatum

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，迅速洗净，切段，阴干。
Eliminate Foreign matter, quickly wash, cut into sections, and dry in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。根茎有节，四周着生多数根。根圆柱形，表面淡黄白色至淡棕黄色或棕色，有细纵皱纹。切面粉性，皮部类白色或黄白色，形成层环淡棕色，木部细小。气香，味微辛凉。
This product is in irregular segments. The rhizome is nodding and surrounded by numerous roots. Roots cylindrical, surface yellowish white to light brownish yellow or brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Flourish, white or yellowish-white cortex, light brown formation of the layer ring, the wood is fine. Aromatic, slightly pungent and cool flavour.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃经。
Liver and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风，化湿，止痛，止痒。
To dispel wind, eliminate dampness, relieve pain, and stop itching.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，胃痛胀满，牙痛，腰痛，跌扑伤痛，风疹、湿疹。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, stomach pain and distension, toothache, lumbago, injuries from falls and blows, wind rash, and eczema.

用量 Dosage

3～12 g。
3-12 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

徐长卿

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为萝摩科植物徐长卿 Cynanchum paniculatum （Bge.）Kitag.的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖，除去杂质，阴干。
Paniculate Swallowwort Root is the dried root and rhizome of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. (Fam. Asclepiadaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品根茎呈不规则柱状，有盘节，长0.5～3.5cm，直径2～4mm。有的顶端带有残茎，细圆柱形，长约2cm，直径1～2mm，断面中空；根茎节处周围着生多数根。根呈细长圆柱形，弯曲，长10～16cm，直径1～1.5mm。表面淡黄白色至淡棕黄色或棕色，具微细的纵皱纹，并有纤细的须根。质脆，易折断，断面粉性，皮部类白色或黄白色，形成层环淡棕色，木部细小。气香，味微辛凉。
Rhizomes irregular cylindrical, knotty, 0.5- 3.5 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter. Sometimes apex with remains of stem, slenderly cylindrical, about 2 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, fracture hollowed; the nodes of rhizome surrounded by numerous roots. Roots slenderly cylindrical, curved, 10-16 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish-white to pale brownish yellow, or brown; with fine longitudinal wrinkles and fibrous roots. Texture fragile, easily broken, fracture starchy, bark whitish or yellowish-white, cambium ring pale brown, wood small, Odour, aromatic taste, pungent and cool.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末浅灰棕色。外皮层细胞表面观类多角形，垂周壁细波状弯曲，细胞间有一类方形小细胞，木化；侧面观呈类长方形，有的细胞径向壁有增厚的细条纹。草酸钙簇晶直径7～45μm。分泌细胞类圆形或长椭圆形，内含淡黄棕色分泌物。内皮层细胞类长方形，垂周壁细波状弯曲。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚10ml，密塞，振摇10分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加丙酮1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取丹皮酚对照品，加丙酮制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5μl、对照品溶液10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯（3：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以盐酸酸性5%的三氯化铁乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝褐色斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 D per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

饮片 Prepared slices

徐长卿 Paniculate Swallowwort

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，迅速洗净，切段，阴干。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean rapidly, cut into sections, and dry in the shade.

性 Property

辛，温。
Warm; pungent.

味 Flavor

辛凉。
Pungent and cool.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃经。
Liver and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风，化湿，止痛，止痒。
To dispel wind, resolve dampness, relieve pain, and relieve itching.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，胃痛胀满，牙痛，腰痛，跌扑伤痛，风疹、湿疹。
Painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, stomachache, distention and fullness, toothache, lumbago, pain caused by traumatic injuries, rubella, and eczema.

用量 Dosage

3～12g，后下。
3-12g, added when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.