积雪草

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物积雪草Centella asiatica（L.）Urb.的干燥全草。夏、秋二季采收，除去泥沙，晒干。
Centella Herb is the dried aerial part of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品常卷缩成团状。根圆柱形，长2～4 cm，直径1～1.5 mm；表面浅黄色或灰黄色。茎细长弯曲，黄棕色，有细纵皱纹，节上常着生须状根。叶片多皱缩、破碎，完整者展平后呈近圆形或肾形，直径1～4 cm；灰绿色，边缘有粗钝齿；叶柄长3～6 cm，扭曲。伞形花序腋生，短小。双悬果扁圆形，有明显隆起的纵棱及细网纹，果梗甚短。气微，味淡。
The drug is usually curled into a mass. Roots cylindrical, 2-4 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter; surface light yellow or grayish-yellow. Stems slender, curved, yellow-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, often with adventitious roots at the nodes. Leaves crumpled and broken, when whole, nearly circular or kidney-shaped, 1-4 cm in diameter; grayish-green, with coarse obtuse teeth along the margin; petiole 3-6 cm long, twisted. Umbels axillary, small. Mericarps flattened, with distinct longitudinal ridges and fine reticulate veins, very short stalked. Odour, slight; taste, insipid.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞类圆形或近方形。下方为2～4列厚角细胞。外韧型维管束6～8个；韧皮部外侧为微木化的纤维群，束内形成层明显，木质部导管径向排列。髓部较大。皮层和射线中可见分泌道，直径23～24 μm，周围分泌细胞5～7个。
（1）Transverse section of stem: Epidermal cells subround or subsquare, occurring 2-4 layers of collenchrymatous cells beneath. Collateral vascular bundles 6-8; slightly lignified fibre groups occurring in the outside of phloem. Fascicular cambium distinct xylem vessels radically arranged. Pith large. Secretory canals observed in cortex and rays, 23-24 μm in diameter, composed of 5-7 secretory cells.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，用乙醇25 ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20 ml使溶解，用水饱和的正丁醇振摇提取2次，每次15 ml，合并正丁醇液，用正丁醇饱和的水15 ml洗涤，弃去水液，正丁醇液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取积雪草苷对照品、羟基积雪草苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml各含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5～10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（7∶3∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105 °C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 1 g of the powder add 25 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 20 ml of water, extract with two 15-ml quantities of n-butanol, combine the n-butanol extracts, wash with 15 ml of water saturated with n-butanol, discard the washings, evaporate the n-butanol to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve centellasaponin CRS and madecassoside CRS in methanol to produce solutions containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (7: 3: 0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105 °C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solutions.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过13.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于25.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 25.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-2 mmol/L倍他环糊精溶液（24∶76）为流动相；检测波长为205 nm。理论板数按积雪草苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; acetonitrile-2 mmol/L β-cyclodextrin solution (24: 76) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 205 nm. The theoretical plate number for the peak of centellasaponin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of the reference solutions

取积雪草苷对照品、羟基积雪草苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml各含0.2 mg的溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh and dissolve an appropriate amount of centellasaponin CRS and madecassoside CRS in methanol to produce solutions containing 0.2 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of the test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入80%甲醇20 ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率180 W，频率42 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用80%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，取上清液，即得。
Accurately weigh about 0.5 g of the powder (through No.2 sieve), place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of 80% methanol, stopper the flask, weigh accurately, treat with ultrasound (power 180 W, frequency 42 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh accurately again, make up the loss in weight with 80% methanol, shake well, centrifuge, and take the supernatant as the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10 μl与供试品溶液10～20 μl入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately suck up 10 μl of each of the reference solutions and 10-20 μl of the test solution into the liquid chromatograph for determination.

本品按干燥品计算，含积雪草苷（C48H78O19）和羟基积雪草苷（C48H78O20）的总量不得少于0.80%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the total content of centellasaponin (C48H78O19) and madecassoside (C48H78O20) should not be less than 0.80%.

饮片 Prepared slices

积雪草 Centella Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈不规则的段。根圆柱形，表面浅黄色或灰黄色。茎细，黄棕色，有细纵皱纹，可见节，节上常着生须状根。叶片多皱缩、破碎，完整者展平后呈近圆形或肾形，灰绿色边缘有粗钝齿。伞形花序短小。双悬果扁圆形，有明显隆起的纵棱及细网纹。气微，味淡。
Sections irregular. Roots cylindrical, externally pale yellow or greyish-yellow. Stems slender, yellowish-brown, finely striated longitudinally, frequently with fibrous roots on the

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材，含积雪草苷（C48H78O19）和泾基积雪草苷（C48H78O20）的总量不得少于0.70%。
As required for the crude drug. It contains not less than 0. 70 per cent of the total amount of asiaticoside (C48H78O19) and madecassoside (C48H78O20), following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 ｜ Identification

（除茎横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug, except for the transverse section of stem.

检查 ｜ Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、肾经。
Liver, spleen, and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

清热利湿，解毒消肿。
To clear heat and dampness, detoxify, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于湿热黄疸，中暑腹泻，石淋血淋，痈肿疮毒，跌扑损伤。
Used for damp-heat jaundice, heatstroke with diarrhea, urolithiasis and hematuria, carbuncle and swelling, and traumatic injury.

用量 Dosage

15～30 g。
15-30 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

积雪草

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物积雪草Centella asiatica （L.）Urb.的干燥全草。夏、秋二季采收，除去泥沙，晒干。
Asiatic Pennywort Herb is the dried herb of Centella asiatica (L. ) Urb. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品常卷缩成团状。根圆柱形，长2～4cm，直径1～1.5mm；表面浅黄色或灰黄色。茎细长弯曲，黄棕色，有细纵皱纹，节上常着生须状根。叶片多皱缩、破碎，完整者展平后呈近圆形或肾形，直径1～4cm；灰绿色，边缘有粗钝齿；叶柄长3～6cm，扭曲。伞形花序腋生，短小。双悬果扁圆形，有明显隆起的纵棱及细网纹，果梗甚短。气微，味淡。
Frequently crumpled into masses. Roots cylindrical, 2-4 cm long, 1-1. 5 mm in diameter, externally pale yellow or greyish-yellow. Stems slender and curved, yellowish-brown, finely striated longitudinally, frequently with fibrous roots on the nodes. Leaves mostly crumpled and broken, when whole, subrounded or reniform, 1-4 cm in diameter, greyish-green, margin roughly crenate; petioles 3-6 cm long, twisted. Umbels axillary, small. Cremocarps oblate, with distinctly prominent, longitudinal ridges and fine reticulate striations, fruit stalks very short. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞类圆形或近方形。下方为2～4列厚角细胞。外韧型维管束6～8个；韧皮部外侧为微木化的纤维群，束内形成层明显，木质部导管径向排列。髓部较大。皮层和射线中可见分泌道，直径23～34μm，周围分泌细胞5～7个。
叶表面观：上、下表皮细胞均呈多边形；气孔不等式或不定式，上表皮较少，下表皮较多。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12. 0 per cent<0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过13.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 13. 0 per cent<2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3. 5 per cent<2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于25.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol TS as the solvent, not less than 25. 0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-2mmol/L倍他环糊精溶液（24：76）为流动相；检测波长为205nm。理论板数按积雪草苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 2 mmol/L β-cyclodextrin solution (24: 76) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 205 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 5000, calculated with reference to the peak of asiaticoside.

对照品溶液的制备取 积雪草苷对照品、羟基积雪草苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of asiaticoside CRS and madecassoside CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to produce a mixture containing 0. 2 mg of each per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入80%甲醇20ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率180W，频率42kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用80%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，取上清液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0. 5 g of the powder (through No. 2 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask. Add accurately 20 ml of 80% methanol, stopper well, weigh, and ultrasonicate (power 180 W, frequency 42 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with 80% methanol, mix well, centrifuge, and use the supernatant as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of the reference solution and 10-20 μl of the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含积雪草苷（C48H78O19）和羟基积雪草苷（C48H78O20）的总量不得少于0.80%。
It contains not less than 0. 80 per cent of the total amount of asiaticoside (C48H78O19) and madecassoside (C48H78O20), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

积雪草 Asiatic Pennywort

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, cut into sections, and dry.

本品呈不规则的段。根圆柱形，表面浅黄色或灰黄色。莲细，黄棕色，有细纵皱纹，可见节，节上常着生须状根。叶片多皱缩、破碎，完整者展平后呈近圆形或肾形，灰绿色，边缘有粗钝齿。伞形花序短小。双悬果扁圆形，有明显隆起的纵棱及细网纹。气微，味淡。
Sections irregular. Roots cylindrical, externally pale yellow or greyish-yellow. Stems slender, yellowish-brown, finely striated longitudinally, frequently with fibrous roots on the nodes.Leaves mostly crumpled and broken, when whole, subrounded or reniform, greyish-green, margin roughly crenate. Umbels small. Cremocarps oblate, with distinctly prominent, longitudinal ridges and fine reticulate striations. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含积雪草苷（C48H78O19）和羟基积雪草苷（C48H78O20）的总量不得少于0.70%。
Assay It contains not less than 0. 70 per cent of the total amount of asiaticoside (C48H78O19) and madecassoside (C48H78O20), following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除茎横切面外） 【检查】 【浸出物】 同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug, except for the transverse section of stem.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，寒。归肝、脾、肾经。
Cold; bitter and pungent. Liver, spleen and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

清热利湿，解毒消肿。用于湿热黄疸，中暑腹泻，石淋血淋，痈肿疮毒，跌扑损伤。
To clear heat, drain dampness, remove toxin and relieve swelling. Dampness-heat jaundice, diarrhea caused by summerheat, stone strangury, blood strangury, swelling abscess, sore and toxin, and traumatic injuries.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

15～30g。
15-30 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.