党参

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为桔梗科植物党参Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.、素花党参Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.var.modesta（Nannf.）L.T.Shen或川党参Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.的干燥根。秋季采挖，洗净，晒干。
Codonopsis Root is the dried root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T. Shen, or Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. (Fam. Campanulaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, washed clean, and dried.

性状 Description

党参 Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.

呈长圆柱形，稍弯曲，长10～35 cm，直径0.4～2 cm。表面灰黄色、黄棕色至灰棕色，根头部有多数疣状突起的茎痕及芽，每个茎痕的顶端呈凹下的圆点状；根头下有致密的环状横纹，向下渐稀疏，有的达全长的一半，栽培品环状横纹少或无；全体有纵皱纹和散在的横长皮孔样突起，支根断落处常有黑褐色胶状物。质稍柔软或稍硬而略带韧性，断面稍平坦，有裂隙或放射状纹理，皮部淡棕黄色至黄棕色，木部淡黄色至黄色。有特殊香气，味微甜。
Long and cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-35 cm long, and 0.4-2 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-yellow, yellowish-brown to grayish-brown, with numerous wart-like stem scars and buds at the root head, each stem scar having a concave round dot at the top; below the root head, there are dense annular striations, gradually sparse downward, some reaching half the total length, and cultivated varieties have fewer or no annular striations; the whole root has longitudinal wrinkles and scattered elongated pock-like protrusions, and there is often black-brown gelatinous substance at the broken end of the lateral root. The texture is slightly soft or slightly hard with a slight toughness. The section is slightly flat with cracks or radial texture. The bark is light brownish-yellow to yellowish-brown, and the wood is light yellow to yellow. It has a special aroma and a slightly sweet taste.

素花党参（西党参） Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T. Shen (Xidangshen)

长10～35 cm，直径0.5～2.5 cm。表面黄白色至灰黄色，根头下致密的环状横纹常达全长的一半以上。断面裂隙较多，皮部灰白色至淡棕色。
10-35 cm long and 0.5-2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-white to grayish-yellow, and the dense annular striations below the root head often reach more than half of the total length. There are more cracks in the section, and the bark is grayish-white to light brown.

川党参 Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. (Chuandangshen)

长10～45 cm，直径0.5～2 cm。表面灰黄色至黄棕色，有明显不规则的纵沟。质较软而结实，断面裂隙较少，皮部黄白色。
10-45 cm long and 0.5-2 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish-yellow to yellowish-brown, with obvious irregular longitudinal grooves. The texture is relatively soft but firm, with fewer cracks in the section, and the bark is yellowish-white.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列至10数列，外侧有石细胞，单个或成群。栓内层窄。韧皮部宽广，外侧常现裂隙，散有淡黄色乳管群，并常与筛管群交互排列。形成层成环。木质部导管单个散在或数个相聚，呈放射状排列。薄壁细胞含菊糖。
（1）Transverse section: cork cells in rows of up to 10 rows, with stone cells on the outer side, single or in groups. The cork cambium is narrow. The phloem is wide, with cracks often appearing on the outer side, and scattered light yellow lactiferous duct groups, often arranged alternately with sieve tube groups. The cambium forms rings. The xylem vessels are scattered or clustered, arranged radially. The thin-walled cells contain inulin.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加甲醇25 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水15 ml使溶解，通过D101型大孔吸附树脂柱（内径为1.5 cm，柱高为10 cm），用水50 ml洗脱，弃去水液，再用50%乙醇50 ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取党参炔苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液2～4 μl、对照品溶液2 μl，分别点于同一高效硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（7∶1∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在100 ℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
（2）Take 1 g of the powder, add 25 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 15 ml of water, pass through a D101 macroporous adsorption resin column (inner diameter 1.5 cm, column height 10 cm), elute with 50 ml of water, discard the eluate, elute again with 50% ethanol, collect the eluate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take Codonopsis Saponin CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (7: 1: 0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply 2-4 μl of the test solution and 2 μl of the Reference solution separately to the same high-performance silica gel G plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 100 °C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulphur dioxide residue

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400 mg/kg。
Carry out the method for determination of sulphur dioxide residue <2331>, not more than 400 mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用45%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于55.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using 45% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 55.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

党参 Codonopsis Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈类圆形的厚片。外表皮灰黄色、黄棕色至灰棕色，有时可见根头部有多数抚状突起的茎痕和芽。切面皮部淡棕黄色至黄棕色，木部淡黄色至黄色，有裂隙或放射状纹理。有特殊香气，味微甜。
This product is in thick, rounded-like pieces. The outer epidermis is grayish-yellow, yellowish-brown to grayish-brown, sometimes with numerous caressing stem scars and buds visible on the root head. The cut surface is light brownish yellow to yellowish brown in the bark, light yellow to yellow in the wood, with fissures or radial texture. It has a special aroma and a slightly sweet flavor.

鉴别 ｜ Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 ｜ Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

米炒党参 ｜ Codonopsis Radix ( stir-baked with rice)

炮制 Processing

取党参片，照炒法（通则0213) 用米拌炒至表面深黄色，取出，筛去米，放凉。每100 kg 党参片，用米20 kg。
Stir-bake the slices of Codonopsis Radix as described under the method for stir-baking with rice <0213> to dark yellow on the surface, take out, sift rice and cool, using 20 kg of rice per 100 kg of Codonopsis Radix.

性状 ｜ Description

本品形如党参片，表面深黄色，偶有焦斑。
The shape similar to the slices, externally dark yellow, occasionally with burnt stains.

检查 ｜ Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulphur dioxide residue

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、肺经。
Spleen and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

健脾益肺，养血生津。用于脾肺气虚，食少倦怠，咳嗽虚喘，气血不足，面色萎黄，心悸气短，津伤口渴，内热消渴。
To invigorate the spleen and benefit the lung, nourish the blood and generate fluids. Used for spleen and lung qi deficiency, poor appetite and fatigue, cough and wheezing due to deficiency, deficiency of qi and blood, pale complexion, palpitations and shortness of breath, thirst due to fluid injury, and internal heat with thirst.

主治 Indications

用于温邪伤阴，夜热早凉，阴虚发热，骨蒸劳热，暑邪发热，疟疾寒热，湿热黄疸。
Warm pathogen damaging yin, fever at night and cool in the morning, yin deficiency fever, bone-steaming and consumptive fever, fever induced by summer pathogen, malaria, and dampness-heat jaundice.

用量 Dosage

9～30 g。
9-30 g.

注意 Precautions

不宜与藜芦同用。
Not to be used with Chenopodium.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place and protect from moth.

党参

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桔梗科植物党参 Codonopsis pilosula（Franch.）Nannf.、素花党参 Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.var.modesta （Nannf.）L.T.Shen或川党参 Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.的干燥根。秋季采挖，洗净，晒干。
Tangshen is the dried root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franck.) Nannf., Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen or Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. (Fam. Campanulaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, washed clean, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆柱形，稍弯曲，长10～35cm，直径0.4～2cm。表面灰黄色、黄棕色至灰棕色，根头部有多数疣状突起的茎痕及芽，每个茎痕的顶端呈凹下的圆点状；根头下有致密的环状横纹，向下渐稀疏，有的达全长的一半，栽培品环状横纹少或无；全体有纵皱纹和散在的横长皮孔样突起，支根断落处常有黑褐色胶状物。质稍柔软或稍硬而略带韧性，断面稍平坦，有裂隙或放射状纹理，皮部淡棕黄色至黄棕色，木部淡黄色至黄色。有特殊香气，味微甜。
Root of Codonopsis pilosula Long cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-35 cm long, 0.4-2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow, yellowish-brown to greyish-brown, with numerous warty prominent stem scars and buds on the root stock, and the apex of each stem scar sunkenly dotted; dense transverse annulations occurring below the root stock, gradually sparse downwards, some up to half length of the root while the transverse annulations rare or absent in some cultivars; whole root showing longitudinal wrinkles and scattered transverse lenticel-like protrudings, frequently with blackish-brown gelatinous substances at the fractured area of the rootlet. Texture slightly soft or hard with a little toughness, fracture somewhat even, cleft or striated radially, bark pale brownish-yellow to yellowish-brown, wood pale yellow to yellow. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste, sweetish.

素花党参（西党参） 长10～35cm，直径0.5～2.5cm。表面黄白色至灰黄色，根头下致密的环状横纹常达全长的一半以上。断面裂隙较多，皮部灰白色至淡棕色。
Root of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Xidangshen) 10-35 cm long, 0.5-2.5 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-white to pale yellow, dense transverse annulations occurring below the root stock, frequently up to over half length of the root. Fracture more cleft, bark greyish-white to pale brown.

川党参 长10～45cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面灰黄色至黄棕色，有明显不规则的纵沟。质较软而结实，断面裂隙较少，皮部黄白色。
Root of Codonopsis tangshen 10-45 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow to yellowish-brown, with distinctly longitudinal wrinkles. Texture slightly soft and campact, fracture less cleft, bark yellowish-white.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列至10数列，外侧有石细胞，单个或成群。栓内层窄。韧皮部宽广，外侧常现裂隙，散有淡黄色乳管群，并常与筛管群交互排列。形成层成环。木质部导管单个散在或数个相聚，呈放射状排列。薄壁细胞含菊糖。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水15ml使溶解，通过D101型大孔吸附树脂柱（内径为1.5cm，柱高为10cm），用水50ml洗脱，弃去水液，再用50%乙醇50ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取党参炔苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

二氧化硫 Residue of sulfur dioxide

残留量照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400mg/kg。
Carry out the method for determination of residue of sulfur dioxide <2331>, not more than 400 mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用45%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于55.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 45% ethanol as solvent, not less than 55.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

党参 Codonopsis Radix

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品呈类圆形的厚片。外表皮灰黄色、黄棕色至灰棕色，有时可见根头部有多数疣状突起的茎痕和芽。切面皮部淡棕黄色至黄棕色，木部淡黄色至黄色，有裂隙或放射状纹理。有特殊香气，味微甜。
In subrounded thick slices. Externally greyish yellow, yellowish-brown to greyish-brown, sometimes with plentiful warty prominent stem scars and buds on the root stock. Cut surface pale brownish-yellow to yellowish-brown in bark part and pale yellow to yellow in wood part, with clefts or radial striations. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste, sweetish.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】 【浸出物】 同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

米炒党参 取党参片，照炒法（通则0213）用米拌炒至表
面深黄色，取出，筛去米，放凉。每100kg党参片，用米20kg。

本品形如党参片，表面深黄色，偶有焦斑。
The shape similar to the slices, externally dark yellow, occasionally with burnt stains.

【检查】 水分 同药材，不得过10.0%。
【鉴别】 【检查】 （总灰分 二氧化硫残留量） 【浸出物】同药材。

性 Property

甘，平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘，平。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、肺经。
Spleen and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

健脾益肺，养血生津。
To fortify the spleen, replenish lung, nourish blood and engender fluids.

主治 Indications

用于脾肺气虚，食少倦怠，咳嗽虚喘，气血不足，面色萎黄，心悸气短，津伤口渴，内热消渴。
Spleen-lung qi deficiency, reduced food intake, fatigue, cough and dyspnea of deficiency type, deficiency of qi and blood, sallow complexion, palpitations and shortness of breath, thirst caused by fluid comsumption, and wasting-thirst internal heat.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～30g。
9-30 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与藜芦同用。
Incompatible with Veratri Nigri Radix et Rhizoma.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.