桔梗

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为桔梗科植物桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum（Jacq.）A.DC.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，趁鲜剥去外皮或不去外皮，干燥。
Platycodon Root is the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC. (Fam. Campanulaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, removed from fibrous roots, peeled or unpeeled, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形或略呈纺锤形，下部渐细，有的有分枝，略扭曲，长7～20 cm，直径0.7～2 cm。表面淡黄白色至黄色，不去外皮者表面黄棕色至灰棕色，具纵扭皱沟，并有横长的皮孔样斑痕及支根痕，上部有横纹。有的顶端有较短的根茎或不明显，其上有数个半月形茎痕。质脆，断面不平坦，形成层环棕色，皮部黄白色，有裂隙，木部淡黄色。气微，味微甜后苦。
Roots cylindrical or slightly fusiform, gradually tapering towards the lower part, some branched, slightly twisted, 7-20 cm long, 0.7-2 cm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish-white to yellow; in unpeeled roots, yellowish-brown to greyish-brown; with longitudinal twisted furrows and transverse lenticels-like scars and rootlet scars; upper part with transverse wrinkles; apex with short rhizome or indistinct, bearing several semilunar stem scars. Texture brittle; fractured surface uneven; cambium ring brown; bark yellowish-white; with cracks; wood pale yellow. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet followed by bitterness.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞有时残存，不去外皮者有木栓层，细胞中含草酸钙小棱晶。栓内层窄。韧皮部乳管群散在，乳管壁略厚，内含微细颗粒状黄棕色物。形成层成环。木质部导管单个散在或数个相聚，呈放射状排列。薄壁细胞含菊糖。
（1）Transverse section: Cork cells remaining occasionally, showing cork layers when unpeeled, cork cells containing small prisms of calcium oxalate. Phelloderm narrow, often with clefts. Phloem scattered with laticiferous tube groups, walls somewhat thickened, containing fine granular yellowish brown contents. Cambium in a ring. Xylem vessels singly scattered or aggregated in groups of several vessels, arranged radiately. Parenchy-matous cells containing inulin.

（2）取本品，切片，用稀甘油装片，置显微镜下观察，可见扇形或类圆形的菊糖结晶。
（2）Mount the section of dried drug with dilute glycerin, examine microscopically, fan-shaped or subrounded crystals of inulin are visible.

（3）取本品粉末1 g，加7%硫酸乙醇-水（1∶3）混合溶液20 ml，加热回流3小时，放冷，用三氯甲烷振摇提取2次，每次20 ml，合并三氯甲烷液，加水洗涤2次，每次30 ml，弃去洗液，三氯甲烷液用无水硫酸钠脱水，滤过，滤液回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取桔梗对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙醚（2∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105 °C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（3）To 1 g of the powder, add 20 ml of a mixture of 7%solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol and water (1: 3), heat under reflux for 3 hours and allow to cool. Extract with two 20-ml quantities of chloroform. Combine the chloroform extracts and wash it with 30 ml of water for two times, discard the washings. Dehydrate the chloroform solution with anhydrous sodium sulfate and filter. Evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 1 g of Platycodonis Radix reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and ether (1: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 10 μl of each of the above two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol and heat at 105 °C until the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于17.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 17.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂，YMC-Pack ODS-A色谱柱（柱长为25 cm，内径为4.6 mm，粒径为5 μm）；以乙腈-水（25∶75）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测；理论板数按桔梗皂苷D峰计算应不低于3000。
The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test were as follows: the column was YMC-Pack ODS-A (25 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (25: 75); the detection wavelength was 210 nm; the theoretical plate number of platycodin D peak should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取桔梗皂苷D对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of platycodin D reference substance, dissolve it in methanol to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml, and mix well.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250 W，频率40 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过；精密量取续滤液25 ml，蒸干，残渣加水20 ml，微热使溶解，用水饱和的正丁醇振摇提取3次，每次20 ml，合并正丁醇液，用氨试液50 ml洗涤，弃去氨液，再用正丁醇饱和的水50 ml洗涤，弃去水液，正丁醇液回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇适量使溶解，转移至5 ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Accurately weigh about 2 g of the powder (passed through a No. 2 sieve) of the test substance, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50% methanol 50 ml, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 min, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 50% methanol, shake well, filter; accurately take 25 ml of the filtrate, evaporate to dryness, add water 20 ml to the residue, dissolve by gentle heating, extract with n-butanol saturated with water three times, each time with 20 ml, combine the n-butanol solution, wash with ammonia test solution 50 ml, discard the ammonia solution, wash with n-butanol saturated with water 50 ml, discard the water solution, recover the solvent in the n-butanol solution to dryness, dissolve the residue with methanol in an appropriate amount, transfer to a 5 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10 μl、20 μl，供试品溶液10～15 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，以外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Accurately absorb 10 μl and 20 μl of the reference solution, and 10-15 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph for determination, and calculate by the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method.

本品按干燥品计算，含桔梗皂苷D（C57H92O28）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of platycodin D (C57H92O28) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

桔梗 Platycodon Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或不规则厚片。外皮多已除去或偶有残留。切面皮部黄白色，较窄；形成层环纹明显，棕色；木部宽，有较多裂隙。气微，味微甜后苦。
In elliptical or irregular thick slices. Outer bark usually removed, occasionally with patches of cork remained. Cut surface whitish-yellow and narrow in bark part; with an obvious and brown cambium ring; broad and much cracked in wood part. Odour slight; taste sweetish then bitter.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

宣肺，利咽，祛痰，排脓。
To ventilate the lung, benefit the throat, resolve phlegm, and drain pus.

主治 Indications

用于咳嗽痰多，胸闷不畅，咽痛音哑，肺痈吐脓。
Used for cough with abundant phlegm, chest stuffiness and obstruction, sore throat and hoarseness, and lung abscess with expectoration of pus.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place and protect from moth.

桔梗

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桔梗科植物桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，趁鲜剥去外皮或不去外皮，干燥。
Platycodon Root is the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Fam. Campa-nulaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, removed from rootlet, peeled when fresh or unpeeled, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形或略呈纺锤形，下部渐细，有的有分枝，略扭曲，长7～20cm，直径0.7～2cm。表面淡黄白色至黄色，不去外皮者表面黄棕色至灰棕色，具纵扭皱沟，并有横长的皮孔样斑痕及支根痕，上部有横纹。有的顶端有较短的根茎或不明显，其上有数个半月形茎痕。质脆，断面不平坦，形成层环棕色，皮部黄白色，有裂隙，木部淡黄色。气微，味微甜后苦。
Cylindrical or slightly fusiform, gradually becoming tapering downwards, some branched, slightly twisted, 7-20 cm long, 0.7-2 cm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish-white to yellow, or yellowish-brown to greyish-brown when unpeeled; longitudinally twisted-furrowed, with transverse lenticel-like scars and branch root scars, and with transverse striations at the upper part. Sometimes the apex showing a relatively short or inconspicuous rhizome, which is marked by several crescent-shaped stem scars. Texture fragile, fracture uneven, cambium ring brown, bark yellowish-white, with cleft, wood pale yellow. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet and then bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞有时残存，不去外皮者有木栓层，细胞中含草酸钙小棱晶。栓内层窄。韧皮部乳管群散在，乳管壁略厚，内含微细颗粒状黄棕色物。形成层成环。木质部导管单个散在或数个相聚，呈放射状排列。薄壁细胞含菊糖。
（2）取本品，切片，用稀甘油装片，置显微镜下观察，可见扇形或类圆形的菊糖结晶。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于17.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 17.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

桔梗 Platycodon Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate the foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughtly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

宣肺，利咽，祛痰，排脓。
To diffuse the lung, soothe the throat, dispel phlegm, and expel pus.

主治 Indications

用于咳嗽痰多，胸闷不畅，咽痛音哑，肺痈吐脓。
Cough and profuse sputum, oppression and discomfort in the chest, sore throat, hoarse voice, and lung abscess with pyemesis.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
N/A

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from moth.