桂枝

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为樟科植物肉桂Cinnamomum cassia Presl的干燥嫩枝。春、夏二季采收，除去叶，晒干，或切片晒干。
Cinnamon Twig is the dried tender twig of Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Fam. Lauraceae). The drug is collected in spring and summer, removed from leaves, dried in the sun, or cut into slices and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆柱形，多分枝，长30～75 cm，粗端直径0.3～1 cm。表面红棕色至棕色，有纵棱线、细皱纹及小疙瘩状的叶痕、枝痕和芽痕，皮孔点状。质硬而脆，易折断。切片厚2～4 mm，切面皮部红棕色，木部黄白色至浅黄棕色，髓部略呈方形。有特异香气，味甜、微辛，皮部味较浓。
Twigs are long and cylindrical, often branched, 30-75 cm long, and 0.3-1 cm in diameter at the thick end. The surface is reddish-brown to brown, with longitudinal ridges, fine wrinkles, and small pitted leaf scars, branch scars, and bud scars. The texture is hard and brittle, and it breaks easily. The slices are 2-4 mm thick, with a reddish-brown bark, a yellowish-white to light yellow-brown wood, and a slightly square-shaped pith. It has a distinctive aroma, a sweet and slightly pungent taste, and a stronger taste in the bark.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，嫩枝有时可见单细胞非腺毛。木栓细胞3～5列，最内1列细胞外壁增厚。皮层有油细胞及石细胞散在。中柱鞘石细胞群断续排列成环，并伴有纤维束。韧皮部有分泌细胞和纤维散在。形成层明显。木质部射线宽1～2列细胞，含棕色物；导管单个散列或2至数个相聚；木纤维壁较薄，与木薄壁细胞不易区别。髓部细胞壁略厚，木化。射线细胞偶见细小草酸钙针晶。
（1）The transverse section of the drug: epidermal cells in one row, sometimes with single non-glandular hairs on the tender twigs. Cork cells in 3-5 rows, with the outer wall of the innermost row of cells thickened. The cortex contains scattered oil cells and stone cells. The medullary sheath cells of the pith are arranged in a continuous ring, accompanied by fiber bundles. Secretory cells and fibers are scattered in the phloem. The cambium is distinct. The wood rays are 1-2 cells wide and contain brown substances; the vessels are scattered individually or in groups of 2 to several; the walls of the wood fibers are relatively thin and not easily distinguished from the walls of the parenchyma cells. The cell walls in the pith are slightly thickened and lignified. Occasionally, small crystals of calcium oxalate are seen in the ray cells.

粉末红棕色。石细胞类方形或类圆形，直径30～64 μm，壁厚，有的一面菲薄。韧皮纤维大多成束或单个散离，无色或棕色，梭状，有的边缘齿状突出，直径12～40 μm，壁甚厚，木化，孔沟不明显。油细胞类圆形或椭圆形，直径41～104 μm。木纤维众多，常成束，具斜纹孔或相交成十字形。木栓细胞黄棕色，表面观多角形，含红棕色物。导管主为具缘纹孔，直径约至76 μm。
The powder is reddish-brown. Stone cells are square or round, with a diameter of 30-64 μm and thick walls, and sometimes one side is thin. Most of the bast fibers are bundled or individually separated, colorless or brown, spindle-shaped, with protruding tooth-like edges, with a diameter of 12-40 μm, thick walls, lignified, and indistinct pits. Oil cells are round or elliptical, with a diameter of 41-104 μm. There are many wood fibers, often in bundles, with oblique pits or intersecting to form a cross shape. Cork cells are yellowish-brown, with a polygonal surface and containing reddish-brown substances. The vessels are mainly with bordered pits, with a diameter of about 76 μm.

（2）取本品粉末0.5 g，加乙醇10 ml，密塞，浸泡20分钟，时时振摇，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取桂皮醛对照品，加乙醇制成每1 ml含1 μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液10～15 μl、对照品溶液2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90 °C）-乙酸乙酯（17∶3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以二硝基苯肼乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙红色斑点。
（2）Take 0.5 g of the powder, add 10 ml of ethanol, seal tightly, soak for 20 minutes, shake from time to time, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take the cinnamaldehyde reference substance, add ethanol to make a solution containing 1 μl per ml, and use it as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test <0502> by taking 10-15 μl of the test solution and 2 μl of the reference solution and spot them separately on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Use petroleum ether (60-90 °C)-ethyl acetate (17: 3) as the developing agent, develop, remove, dry, and spray with a solution of dinitrophenylhydrazine ethanol. In the chromatogram of the test solution, there are orange-red spots in the corresponding positions as in the chromatogram of the reference solution.

（3）取本品粉末2 g，加乙醚10 ml，浸泡30分钟，时时振摇，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加三氯甲烷1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取桂枝对照药材2 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各15 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，使成条状，以石油醚（60～90 °C）-乙酸乙酯（17∶3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以香草醛硫酸试液，在105 °C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（3）Take 2 g of the powder, add 10 ml of ether, soak for 30 minutes, shake from time to time, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of chloroform, and use it as the test solution. Take 2 g of the reference drug Cinnamon Twig and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test <0502> by taking 15 μl of each of the above two solutions and spotting them separately on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. Develop into a strip shape using petroleum ether (60-90 °C)-ethyl acetate (17: 3) as the developing agent, remove, dry, and spray with a solution of vanillin sulfuric acid. In the chromatogram of the test solution, there are spots of the same color in the corresponding positions as in the chromatogram of the reference drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于6.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 6.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Perform the high-performance liquid chromatography method <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（32∶68）为流动相；检测波长为290 nm。理论板数按桂皮醛峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (32: 68) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 290 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of cinnamaldehyde should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取桂皮醛对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含10 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of cinnamaldehyde reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 10 μg per ml, and obtain the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250 W，频率40 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1 ml，置25 ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 0.5 g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 ml of methanol, weigh it, treat it with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 1 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 25 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含桂皮醛（C9H8O）不得少于1.0%。
The content of cinnamaldehyde (C9H8O) in the drug, calculated with reference to the dried drug, should not be less than 1.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

桂枝 Cinnamon Twig

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈类圆形或椭圆形的厚片。表面红棕色至棕色，有时可见点状皮孔或纵棱线。切面皮部红棕色，木部黄白色或浅黄棕色，髓部类圆形或略呈方形，有特异香气，味甜、微辛。
Thick slices, subrounded or elliptical. Externally reddishbrown to brown, sometimes with dotted lenticels or longitudinal ridges. Cut surface reddish-brown, wood

鉴别 ｜ Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug, except for the transverse section.

检查 ｜ Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 ｜ Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、甘。
Pungent and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺、膀胱经。
Heart, lung, and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

发汗解肌，温通经脉，助阳化气，平冲降气。
To induce sweating and release the muscles, warm and unblock the meridians, assist yang and transform qi, and calm the fetus and descend qi.

主治 Indications

用于风寒感冒，脘腹冷痛，血寒经闭，关节痹痛，痰饮，水肿，心悸，奔豚。
Used for wind-cold common cold, cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, cold obstruction of blood vessels, arthralgia, phlegm retention, edema, palpitations, and dyspnea.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 ｜ Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

桂枝

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为樟科植物肉桂 Cinnamomum cassia Presl的干燥嫩枝。春、夏二季采收，除去叶，晒干，或切片晒干。
Cassia Twig is the dried young branch of Cinna-momum cassia Presl (Fam. Lauraceae). The drug is collected in spring and summer, removed from leaf, dried in the sun, or dried in the sun after sliced.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆柱形，多分枝，长30～75cm，粗端直径0.3～lcm。表面红棕色至棕色，有纵棱线、细皱纹及小疙瘩状的叶痕、枝痕和芽痕，皮孔点状。质硬而脆，易折断。切片厚2～4mm，切面皮部红棕色，木部黄白色至浅黄棕色，髓部略呈方形。有特异香气，味甜、微辛，皮部味较浓。
Long cylindrical, much-branched, 30-75 cm long, thick end 0.3-1 cm in diameter. Externally brown to reddish-brown, with longitudinal ridges, fine wrinkles, dotted leaf-scars, branch-scars and bud-scars, lenticels dotted. Texture hard and fragile, easily broken. Slices 2-4 mm thick, cut surface showing reddish-brown in bark, yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown in wood, pith subsquare. Odour, characteristically aromatic； taste, sweet and slightly pungent, relatively strong for bark.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，嫩枝有时可见单细胞非腺毛。木栓细胞3～5列，最内1列细胞外壁增厚。皮层有油细胞及石细胞散在。中柱鞘石细胞群断续排列成环，并伴有纤维束。韧皮部有分泌细胞和纤维散在。形成层明显。木质部射线宽1～2列细胞，含棕色物；导管单个散列或2至数个相聚；木纤维壁较薄，与木薄壁细胞不易区别。髓部细胞壁略厚，木化。射线细胞偶见细小草酸钙针晶。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇10ml，密塞，浸泡20分钟，时时振摇，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取桂皮醛对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含1μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液10～15μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（17：3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以二硝基苯肼乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的橙红色斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent 〈0832 , method 4〉.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent〈2302〉.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于6.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives 〈2201 , the hot extraction method〉, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 6.0 per cent

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography〈0512〉.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品呈类圆形或椭圆形的厚片。表面红棕色至棕色，有时可见点状皮孔或纵棱线。切面皮部红棕色，木部黄白色或浅黄棕色，髓部类圆形或略呈方形，有特异香气，味甜、微辛。
Thick slices, subrounded or elliptical. Externally reddish-brown to brown, sometimes with dotted lenticels or longitudinal ridges. Cut surface reddish-brown, wood yellowish-white or pale yellowish-brown, pith subrounded or slightly square. Odour, characteristically aromatic； taste, sweet and slightly pungent.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、甘。
Pungent and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺、膀胱经。
Heart, lung and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

发汗解肌，温通经脉，助阳化气，平冲降气。
To promote sweating, relax muscle, warm and unblock the meridians, assist yang, resolve qi, and direct qi downward.

主治 Indications

用于风寒感冒，脘腹冷痛，血寒经闭，关节痹痛，痰饮，水肿，心悸，奔豚。
Common cold caused by wind-cold, cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, blood cold amenorrhea, arthralgia, phlegm-fluid retention, edema, palpi-tations, and running piglet.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.