荷叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为睡莲科植物莲Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.的干燥叶。夏、秋二季采收，晒至七八成干时，除去叶柄，折成半圆形或折扇形，干燥。
Lotus Leaf is the dried leaf of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Fam. Nymphaeaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, dried until 70-80% dry, the petiole is removed, and it is folded into a semicircular or fan-shaped, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈半圆形或折扇形，展开后呈类圆形，全缘或稍呈波状，直径20～50 cm。上表面深绿色或黄绿色，较粗糙；下表面淡灰棕色，较光滑，有粗脉21～22条，自中心向四周射出；中心有突起的叶柄残基。质脆，易破碎。稍有清香气，味微苦。
Leaves semicircular or fan-shaped, circular when unfolded, entire or slightly undulate, 20-50 cm in diameter. Upper surface dark green or yellowish-green, rougher; lower surface light gray-brown, smoother, with 21-22 prominent veins radiating from the center to the periphery; central with a raised petiole scar. Texture brittle, easily broken. Slightly fragrant odor, slightly bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰绿色。上表皮细胞表面观多角形，外壁乳头状或短绒毛状突起，呈双圆圈状；断面观长方形，外壁呈乳头状突起；气孔不定式，副卫细胞5～8个。下表皮细胞表面观垂周壁略波状弯曲，有时可见连珠状增厚。草酸钙簇晶多见，直径约至40 μm。
（1）The powder of this product is grayish-green. The surface of the upper epidermal cells is polygonal, with nipple-like or short trichome-like projections on the outer wall, forming a double circle; the section is rectangular, and the outer wall is nipple-like projections; the stomata are indefinite, and there are 5-8 subsidiary guard cells. The surface of the lower epidermal cells is slightly wavy and sometimes can be seen as bead-like thickening. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are common, with a diameter of about 40 μm.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加浓氨试液1 ml润湿，加二氯甲烷40 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取荷叶对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取荷叶碱对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各15 μl，对照品溶液5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（3∶4∶2∶1）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以碘化铋钾试液，置日光下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）Take 1 g of the powder, add 1 ml of concentrated ammonia test solution to wet it, add 40 ml of dichloromethane, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, recover the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take another 1 g of the reference drug of Lotus Leaf, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Take the reference substance of Lotus Leaf Alkaloids, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference substance solution. Perform thin-layer chromatography <0502> using the above test solution and reference drug solution, each 15 μl, and the reference substance solution 5 μl, spot on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, using the lower layer solution of dichloromethane-acetic ether-methanol-water (3: 4: 2: 1) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with a solution of bismuth potassium iodide, and examine under daylight. In the chromatogram of the test solution, spots with the same color appear at the corresponding positions as the chromatogram of the reference drug and the chromatogram of the reference substance.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过12.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using 70% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水-三乙胺-冰醋酸（27∶70.6∶1.6∶0.78）为流动相；检测波长为270 nm。理论板数按荷叶碱峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water-triethylamine-glacial acetic acid (27: 70.6: 1.6: 0.78) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 270 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated according to the peak of Lotus Leaf Alkaloids should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference substance solution

取荷叶碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含16 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of Lotus Leaf Alkaloids reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 16 μg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50 ml，称定重量，加热回流2.5小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液5 ml，置10 ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 0.5 g of the coarse powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 2.5 hours, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight lost with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 5 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, add water to the mark, shake well, and set aside.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 20 μl of the reference substance solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含荷叶碱（C19H21NO2）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of Lotus Leaf Alkaloids (C19H21NO2) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

荷叶 Lotus Leaf

炮制 Processing

荷叶 喷水，稍润，切丝，干燥。
Lotus Leaf is sprayed with water, slightly moistened, cut into shreds, and dried.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈不规则的丝状。上表面深绿色或黄绿色，较粗糙；下表面淡灰棕色，较光滑，叶脉明显突起。质脆，易破碎。稍有清香气，味微苦。
In irregular filamentous pieces, upper surface dark green or yellowish-green, relatively rough; lower surface pale greyish-brown, relatively smooth; leaves veins extremely

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含荷叶碱(C19H21NO2) 不得少于0.070% 。
It contains not less than 0.070 per cent of nuciferine(C19H21NO2), following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 ｜ Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 ｜ Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 ｜ Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

荷叶炭 ｜ Nelumbinis Folium (carbonized)

炮制 Processing

取净荷叶，照缎炭法（通则0213) 缎成炭。
Carbonize the clean Nelumbinis Folium as described under the method for carbonizing by calcining <0213>.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈不规则的片状，表面棕褐色或黑褐色。气焦香，味涩。
In irregular pieces, externally brown or dark brown. Odour, burnt aromatic; taste astringent.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、胃经。
Liver, spleen, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清暑化湿，升发清阳，凉血止血。
To clear summer heat and dampness, promote the upward flow of clear yang, cool blood, and stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于暑热烦渴，暑湿泄泻，脾虚泄泻，血热吐衄，便血崩漏。荷叶炭收涩化瘀止血。用于出血症和产后血晕。
Used for fever and thirst due to summer heat, diarrhea due to summer dampness, diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, vomiting and nosebleed due to blood heat, and bleeding and metrorrhagia. Lotus Leaf Charcoal is astringent and stasis-resolving, and is used for bleeding disorders and postpartum fainting due to blood loss.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g；荷叶炭3～6g。
3-10 g; Lotus Leaf Charcoal 3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place and protect against moth.

荷叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为睡莲科植物莲Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.的干燥叶。夏、秋二季采收，晒至七八成干时，除去叶柄，折成半圆形或折扇形，干燥。
Lotus Leaf is the dried leaf of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Fam. Nymphaeaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, dried in the sun to remove most of water, removed from the petioles, folded to semicircular or plicate, and dried again.

性状 Description

本品呈半圆形或折扇形，展开后呈类圆形，全缘或稍呈波状，直径20～50cm。上表面深绿色或黄绿色，较粗糙；下表面淡灰棕色，较光滑，有粗脉21～22条，自中心向四周射出；中心有突起的叶柄残基。质脆，易破碎。稍有清香气，味微苦。
Semicircular or plicate, subrounded when spread, 20-50 cm in diameter, margin entire or slightly sinuous. Upper surface dark green or yellowish-green, relatively rough, lower surface pale greyish-brown, relatively smooth, with 21-22 thick veins, radiating from the centre to the border, with convex remains of petiole in the centre. Texture fragile, easily broken. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

本品粉末灰绿色。上表皮细胞表面观多角形，外壁乳头状或短绒毛状突起，呈双圆圈状；断面观长方形，外壁呈乳头状突起；气孔不定式，副卫细胞5～8个。下表皮细胞表面观垂周壁略波状弯曲，有时可见连珠状增厚。草酸钙簇晶多见，直径约至40μm。
Powder: Greyish-green. Upper epidermal cells polygonal, with papillary or short tomentose protuberances; stomata, anomocytic, subsidiary cells 5-8. Anticlinal walls of lower epidermal cells slightly sinuous, sometimes beaded. Clusters of calcium oxalate numerous, up to 40 μm in diameter.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过12.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 70% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

荷叶 Lotus Leaf

炮制 Processing

荷叶 喷水，稍润，切丝，干燥。
Lotus Leaf Spray with water, soften briefly, cut into slivers and dry.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、胃经。
Liver, spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清暑化湿，升发清阳，凉血止血。
To clear summerheat, resolve dampness, upraise the clear yang, cool the blood, and stanch bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于暑热烦渴，暑湿泄泻，脾虚泄泻，血热吐衄，便血崩漏。
Vexation and thirst caused by summer-heat, diarrhea caused by summerheat-dampness, diarrhea caused by spleen deficiency, blood heat with hematemesis, bloody stool, and menstrual flooding and spotting.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.