独活

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物重齿毛当归Angelica pubescens Maxim.f. biserrata Shan et Yuan的干燥根。春初苗刚发芽或秋末茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根和泥沙，烘至半干，堆置2～3天，发软后再烘至全干。
Pubescent Angelica Root is the dried root of Angelica pubescens Maxim.f. biserrata Shan et Yuan (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in early spring when the seedlings have just sprouted or in late autumn when the stems and leaves have withered, removed from root hairs and dirt, dried until half-dry, piled up for 2-3 days, and then dried until completely dry.

性状 Description

本品根略呈圆柱形，下部2～3分枝或更多，长10～30 cm。根头部膨大，圆锥状，多横皱纹，直径1.5～3 cm，顶端有茎、叶的残基或凹陷。表面灰褐色或棕褐色，具纵皱纹，有横长皮孔样突起及稍突起的细根痕。质较硬，受潮则变软，断面皮部灰白色，有多数散在的棕色油室，木部灰黄色至黄棕色，形成层环棕色。有特异香气，味苦、辛、微麻舌。
Roots slightly cylindrical, with 2-3 or more branches at the lower part, 10-30 cm long. The top of the root is swollen, conical, with many transverse wrinkles, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, and with remnants or depressions of stems and leaves at the top. The surface is grayish-brown or brownish-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, and with transverse long pored-like projections and slightly raised fine root marks. The texture is relatively hard and becomes soft when damp. The section of the bark is grayish-white, with numerous scattered brown oil cells, and the wood is grayish-yellow to yellowish-brown, forming a brown ring. It has a characteristic aroma and a bitter, pungent, and slightly numbing taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列。栓内层窄，有少数油室。韧皮部宽广，约占根的1/2；油室较多，排成数轮，切向径约至153 μm，周围分泌细胞6～10个。形成层成环。木质部射线宽1～2列细胞；导管稀少，直径约至84 μm，常单个径向排列。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（1）Transverse section of the drug: cork cells arranged in rows. The inner layer of the cork is narrow, with a few oil cells. The phloem is wide and accounts for about half of the root; there are more oil cells, arranged in several rounds, with a transverse diameter of about 153 μm, and 6-10 secretory cells around. The cambium forms a ring. The xylem rays are 1-2 cells wide; the vessels are rare, with a diameter of about 84 μm, and often arranged singly in the radial direction. Thin-walled cells contain starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加甲醇10 ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取独活对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯对照品、蛇床子素对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1 ml含0.4 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各8 μl、对照品溶液各4 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90 ℃）-乙酸乙酯（7∶3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）Take 1 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take another 1 g of the reference drug, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take the reference substances of dihydroferulic acid ester of Eucommia ulmoides and colchicine, and prepare solutions containing 0.4 mg per ml of each in methanol as the reference solution. Perform thin-layer chromatography <0502> test, take 8 μl of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 4 μl of the reference solution, respectively, spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use petroleum ether (60-90 °C)-ethyl acetate (7: 3) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. In the chromatogram of the test solution, there are fluorescent spots of the same color at the corresponding positions as those in the chromatograms of the reference drug and the reference substances.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（49∶51）为流动相；检测波长为330 nm。理论板数按二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯峰计算应不低于6000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (49: 51) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 330 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of dihydroferulic acid ester of Eucommia ulmoides should not be less than 6000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取蛇床子素对照品、二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇分别制成每1 ml各含150 μg、50 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of colchicine reference substance and dihydroferulic acid ester of Eucommia ulmoides reference substance, accurately weigh, and prepare solutions containing 150 μg and 50 μg per ml in methanol, respectively.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇20 ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250 W，频率40 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液5 ml，置20 ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of methanol, seal tightly, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 5 ml of the subsequent filtrate, place it in a 20 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取两种对照品溶液10 μl与供试品溶液10～20 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10 μl of each of the two reference solutions and 10-20 μl of the test solution, inject them into a liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含蛇床子素（C15H16O3）不得少于0.50%，含二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯（C19H20O5）不得少于0.080%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of colchicine (C15H16O3) should not be less than 0.50%, and the content of dihydroferulic acid ester of Eucommia ulmoides (C19H20O5) should not be less than 0.080%.

饮片 Prepared slices

独活 Pubescent Angelica Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干或低温干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soak until moist, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun or at low temperature.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈类圆形薄片。外表皮灰褐色或棕褐色，具皱纹。切面皮部灰白色至灰褐色，有多数散在棕色油点，木部灰黄色至黄棕色，形成层环棕色。有特异香气。味苦、辛、微麻舌。
In subrounded thin slices. Externally greyish-brown or brown, with wrinkles. Cut surface greyish-white to greyish-brown in bark part, scattered with numerous brown oil spots; greyish-yellow to yellowish-brown in wood part; cambium ring brown. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste bitter and pungent, slightly numbing.

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
As required for the crude drug. Not more than 2.0 per cent.

水分 Water

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 ｜Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 ｜Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

微温。
Slightly warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter, pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、膀胱经。
Kidney and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风除湿，通痹止痛。
To dispel wind and eliminate dampness, promote blood circulation and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于风寒湿痹，腰膝疼痛，少阴伏风头痛，风寒挟湿头痛。
Used for wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, lumbago and knee pain, headache due to wind lurking in the Shaoyin meridian, and headache due to wind-cold-dampness.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect from mold and insects.

独活

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物重齿毛当归Angelica pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan的干燥根。春初苗刚发芽或秋末茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根和泥沙，烘至半干，堆置2～3天，发软后再烘至全干。
Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root is the dried root of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in early spring before sprouting, or in the end of autumn when stem and leaves wither, removed from rootlet and soil, baked to half-dryness, piled up for 2-3 days to soften, and then baked to dryness.

性状 Description

本品根略呈圆柱形，下部2～3分枝或更多，长10～30cm。根头部膨大，圆锥状，多横皱纹，直径1.5～3cm，顶端有茎、叶的残基或凹陷。表面灰褐色或棕褐色，具纵皱纹，有横长皮孔样突起及稍突起的细根痕。质较硬，受潮则变软，断面皮部灰白色，有多数散在的棕色油室，木部灰黄色至黄棕色，形成层环棕色。有特异香气，味苦、辛、微麻舌。
Somewhat cylindrical, with 2-3 or more branches at the lower part, 10-30 cm long. Root stock enlarged, conical, with abundant transverse wrinkles, 1. 5-3 cm in diameter, apex exhibiting remains of stems and leaves or sunken spots. Externally greyish-brown or dark brown, longitudinally wrinkled, with transverse lenticel-like protrudings and slightly prominent scars of rootlets. Texture relatively hard, soft when moistened; fracture showing bark greyish-white, scattered with abundant brown oil cavities, wood greyish-yellow to yellowish-brown, and cambium ring brown. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste, bitter and pungent, slightly numb.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列。栓内层窄，有少数油室。韧皮部宽广，约占根的1/2；油室较多，排成数轮，切向径约至153μm，周围分泌细胞6～10个。形成层成环。木质部射线宽1～2列细胞；导管稀少，直径约至84μm，常单个径向排列。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取独活对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯对照品、蛇床子素对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各8μl、 对照品溶液各4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（7：3） 为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2203）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2203>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（49：51）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯峰计算应不低于6000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and water (49: 51) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 330 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 6000, calculated with reference to the peak of colum-bianadin.

对照品溶液的制备 取蛇床子素对照品、二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含150μg 、50μg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of osthol CRS and columbianadin CRS, respectively, accurately weighted, in methanol to produce two solutions containing 150 μg of osthol, and 50 μg of columbianadin per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过三号筛） 约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇20ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液5ml，置20ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0. 5 g of the powder (through No. 3 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 20 ml of methanol, and weigh. Ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of solvent with methanol, mix well and filter. Transfer accurately 5 ml of the successive filtrate to a 20 ml volumetric flask, dilute to volume with methanol, mix well and filter, use the succssive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取两种对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solutions and 10-20 μl of the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含蛇床子素（C15H16O3）不得少于0.50%，含二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯（C19H20O5）不得少于0.080%。
It contains not less than 0. 50 per cent of osthole (C15H16O3) and 0. 080 per cent of columbianadin (C19H20O5), respectively, calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

独活 Doubleteeth Pubescent Angelica Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干或低温干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun or at a lower temperature.

本品呈类圆形薄片。外表皮灰褐色或棕褐色，具皱纹。切面皮部灰白色至灰褐色，有多数散在棕色油点，木部灰黄色至黄棕色，形成层环棕色。有特异香气。味苦、辛、微麻舌。
In subrounded thin slices. Externally greyish-brown or brown, with wrinkles. Cut surface greyish-white to greyish-brown in bark part, scattered with numerous brown oil spots; greyish-yellow to yellowish-brown in wood part; cambium ring brown. Odour, characteristic and aromatic; taste bitter and pungent, slightly numbing.

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材，不得过2.0%。
As required for the crude drug, not more than 2.0%.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】 （水分总灰分 ） 【含量测定】 同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，微温。归肾、膀胱经。
Mild warm; pungent, bitter. Kidney and bladder meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

祛风除湿，通痹止痛。用于风寒湿痹，腰膝疼痛，少阴伏风头痛，风寒挟湿头痛。
To dispel wind, remove damphess, and relieve impediment pain. Wind-cold-dampness bi disorder, aching lower back and knees, headache caused by latent wind in lesser yin, or headache caused by wind-cold with dampness.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from mould and moth.