香附

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为莎草科植物莎草Cyperus rotundus L.的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，燎去毛须，置沸水中略煮或蒸透后晒干，或燎后直接晒干。
Cyperus Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L. (Fam. Cyperaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from rootlets, slightly boiled or steamed until thoroughly cooked, and dried in the sun or after being scorched.

性状 Description

本品多呈纺锤形，有的略弯曲，长2～3.5cm，直径0.5～1cm。表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有纵皱纹，并有6～10个略隆起的环节，节上有未除净的棕色毛须和须根断痕；去净毛须者较光滑，环节不明显。质硬，经蒸煮者断面黄棕色或红棕色，角质样；生晒者断面色白而显粉性，内皮层环纹明显，中柱色较深，点状维管束散在。气香，味微苦。
Rhizomes spindle-shaped or slightly curved, 2-3.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter; surface brownish-brown or blackish-brown, longitudinally wrinkled, with 6-10 slightly raised nodes, nodes with brownish root scars and unremoved brownish rootlets; when rootlets are removed, surface becomes relatively smooth and nodes are less distinct. Texture hard; after being cooked, fracture surface yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, horny; after being dried, fracture surface white and powdery, inner cortex with distinct ring-like markings, central column darker in color, scattered with dot-like vascular bundles. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末浅棕色。分泌细胞类圆形，直径35～72μm，内含淡黄棕色至红棕色分泌物，其周围5～8个细胞作放射状环列。表皮细胞多角形，常带有下皮纤维和厚壁细胞。下皮纤维成束，深棕色或红棕色，直径7～22μm，壁厚。厚壁细胞类方形、类圆形或形状不规则，壁稍厚，纹孔明显。石细胞少数，类方形、类圆形或类多角形，壁较厚。
(1) The powder of this product is light brown. The secretory cells are round, 35-72μm in diameter, containing yellowish brown to reddish brown secretion, surrounded by 5-8 cells in a radial ring. The epidermal cells are polygonal, often with hypodermal fibres and thick-walled cells. Hypodermal fibres were bundled, dark brown or reddish brown, 7-22 μm in diameter, with thick walls. Thick-walled cells are square, rounded, or irregularly shaped, with slightly thicker walls and obvious pores. Stone cells are few, square, round or polygonal, with thick walls.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚5ml，放置1小时，时时振摇，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取α-香附酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸（80∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的深蓝色斑点；喷以二硝基苯肼试液，放置片刻，斑点渐变为橙红色。
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 5ml of ether, placed for 1 hour, shaking, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue with ethyl acetate 0.5ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take α-coumarone control, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 2μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate, dichloromethane - ethyl acetate - glacial acetic acid (80:1:1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet lamp (254nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, the same dark blue spot was shown in the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control article; sprayed with dinitrophenylhydrazine test solution and left for a while, the spot gradually changed to orange-red.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
The volatile oil content shall not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).

本品含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
This product shall contain not less than 1.0% volatile oil (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

香附 Cyperus Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去毛须及杂质，切厚片或碾碎。
Eliminate rootlets and impurities, cut into thick slices or grind into coarse powder.

性状 Description

本品为不规则厚片或颗粒状。外表皮棕褐色或黑褐色，有时可见环节。切面色白或黄棕色，质硬，内皮层环纹明显。气香，味微苦。
Irregular thick slices or granules; outer surface brownish-brown or blackish-brown, sometimes with nodes visible; cut surface white or yellowish-brown, texture hard, inner cortex with distinct ring-like markings. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于11.5%。
Same as the crude drug，not less than 11.5 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

(2) 同药材。
(2) Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

醋香附 Vinegar-processed Cyperus Rhizome

炮制 Processing

取香附片（粒），照醋炙法（通则0213）炒干。
Take the slices of aromatic herbs (granules), according to the vinegar-roasted method <0213>, fried and dried.

性状 Description

本品形如香附片（粒），表面黑褐色。微有醋香气，味微苦。
Resembling Cyperus Rhizome slices (granules) in shape; surface blackish-brown. Slightly aromatic with vinegar odour; taste, slightly bitter.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于13.0%。
Same as the crude drug，not less than 13.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含挥发油不得少于0.8%（ml/g）。
Same as the crude drug，the volatile oil content shall not be less than 0.8% (ml/g).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛、微苦、微甘
Pungent, slightly bitter, slightly sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、三焦经。
Liver, spleen, and triple energizer meridians.

功能 Actions

疏肝解郁，理气宽中，调经止痛。
To soothe the liver and relieve depression, regulate qi and harmonize the middle, regulate menstruation and alleviate pain.

主治 Indications

用于肝郁气滞，胸胁胀痛，疝气疼痛，乳房胀痛，脾胃气滞，脘腹痞闷，胀满疼痛，月经不调，经闭痛经。
Used for liver depression and qi stagnation, distending pain in the chest and hypochondrium, hernia pain, breast distention and pain, stagnation of qi in the spleen and stomach, stuffiness and fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen, distending pain, irregular menstruation, and dysmenorrhea.

用量 Dosage

6~10g。
6-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, protected from moth.

香附

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为莎草科植物莎草Cyperus rotundus L.的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，燎去毛须，置沸水中略煮或蒸透后晒干，或燎后直接晒干。
Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L. (Fam. Cyperaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, burnt off the fibrous roots, boiled briefly or steamed thoroughly and dried in the sun, or dried in the sun directly after burning off the fibrous roots.

性状 Description

本品多呈纺锤形，有的略弯曲，长2～3.5cm，直径0.5～1cm。表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有纵皱纹，并有6～10个略隆起的环节，节上有未除净的棕色毛须和须根断痕；去净毛须者较光滑，环节不明显。质硬，经蒸煮者断面黄棕色或红棕色，角质样；生晒者断面色白而显粉性，内皮层环纹明显，中柱色较深，点状维管束散在。气香，味微苦。
Frequently fusiform, some slightly curved, 2-3.5 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter. Externally dark brown or blackish-brown, longitudinally wrinkled and with 6-10 slightly prominent annular nodes with brown fibrous roots and broken roots; or slightly smooth and exhibiting indistinct annular nodes on the ones of fibrous roots completely removed. Texture hard, fracture of steamed rhizomes appearing yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, horny; fracture of the unsteamed ones white and starchy, an endodermis ring obvious, stele darkened in colour, with scattered dotted vascular bundles. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末浅棕色。分泌细胞类圆形，直径35～72μm，内含淡黄棕色至红棕色分泌物，其周围5～8个细胞作放射状环列。表皮细胞多角形，常带有下皮纤维和厚壁细胞。下皮纤维成束，深棕色或红棕色，直径7～22μm，壁厚。厚壁细胞类方形、类圆形或形状不规则，壁稍厚，纹孔明显。石细胞少数，类方形、类圆形或类多角形，壁较厚。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚5ml，放置1小时，时时振摇，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取α-香附酮对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸，上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸（80：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的深蓝色斑点；喷以二硝基苯肼试液，放置片刻，斑点渐变为橙红色。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201 , the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 15.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

香附 Nutgrass Galingale

炮制 Processing

除去毛须及杂质，切厚片或碾碎。
Remove fibrous roots and foreign matter, pound to pieces or cut into thick slices.

本品为不规则厚片或颗粒状。外表皮棕褐色或黑褐色，有时可见环节。切面色白或黄棕色，质硬，内皮层环纹明显。气香，味微苦。
In irregular thick slices or grains of Nutgrass Galingale. Externally brown or blackish-brown, sometimes annular nodes visible. Cut surface whitish or yellowish-brown, texture hard; odour, aromatic; taste, bitterish.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于11.5%。
Not less than 11.5 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（2） 【检查】 【含量测定】 同药材。
(2) As required for the crude drug.

醋香附 Nutgrass Galingale (processed with vinegar)

取香附片（粒），照醋炙法（通则0213）炒干。
Stir-bake the pieces or slices of Nutgrass Galingale as described under the method for stir-baking with vinegar<0213> to dryness.

本品形如香附片（粒），表面黑褐色。微有醋香气，味微苦。
The shape similar to the slices or grains of Nutgrass Galingale, externally blackish-brown, slightly with vinegar odour, taste, bitterish.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于13.0%。
Not less than 13.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于0.8%（ml/g）。
As required for the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.8 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】 【含量测定】 同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、微苦、微甘，平。归肝、脾、三焦经。
Neutral; pungent, mild bitter and mild sweet. Liver, spleen and triple energizers meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

疏肝解郁，理气宽中，调经止痛。用于肝郁气滞，胸胁胀痛，疝气疼痛，乳房胀痛，脾胃气滞，脘腹痞闷，胀满疼痛，月经不调，经闭痛经。
To soothe the liver, resolve depression, regulate qi, soothe the middle, regulate menstruation and relieve pain. Liver depression and qi stagnation, distending pain in the chest and hypochondrium, pain caused by genital disease, distending pain in the breasts, spleen-stomach qi stagnation, stuffiness and oppression in the epigastrium and abdomen, pain, distention and fullness, menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～10g。
6-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.