厚朴

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物厚朴Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.或凹叶厚朴Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils.的干燥干皮、根皮及枝皮。4～6月剥取，根皮和枝皮直接阴干；干皮置沸水中微煮后，堆置阴湿处，“发汗”至内表面变紫褐色或棕褐色时，蒸软，取出，卷成筒状，干燥。
Magnolia Bark is the dried bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils. or Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The bark is collected from April to June, removed from root bark and branch bark, and dried in the shade. The root bark and branch bark are dried directly, while the stem bark is boiled briefly in boiling water, then piled in a damp place until the inner surface turns purplish-brown or brownish-brown. It is then steamed until soft, taken out, rolled into a tube shape, and dried.

性状 Description

干皮 呈卷筒状或双卷筒状，长30～35cm，厚0.2～0.7cm，习称“筒朴”；近根部的干皮一端展开如喇叭口，长13～25cm，厚0.3-0.8cm，习称“靴筒朴”。外表面灰棕色或灰褐色，粗糙，有时呈鳞片状，较易剥落，有明显椭圆形皮孔和纵皱纹，刮去粗皮者显黄棕色。内表面紫棕色或深紫褐色，较平滑，具细密纵纹，划之显油痕。质坚硬，不易折断，断面颗粒性，外层灰棕色，内层紫褐色或棕色，有油性，有的可见多数小亮星。气香，味辛辣、微苦。
Stem bark: Cylindrical or double-cylindrical, 30-35 cm long, 0.2-0.7 cm thick, commonly known as "tube magnolia"; the stem bark near the root end opens like a trumpet mouth, 13-25 cm long, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, commonly known as "boot tube magnolia". The outer surface is gray-brown or grayish-brown, rough, sometimes scaly, and easily peeled off. It has obvious elliptical pores and longitudinal wrinkles. The scraped bark appears yellow-brown. The inner surface is purplish-brown or dark purplish-brown, relatively smooth, with fine longitudinal lines, and shows oil traces when scratched. It is hard and not easily broken, with a granular fracture surface. The outer layer is gray-brown, and the inner layer is purplish-brown or brown, oily, and sometimes with numerous small bright spots. It has a fragrant odor, and tastes pungent and slightly bitter.

根皮（根朴） 呈单筒状或不规则块片；有的弯曲似鸡肠，习称“鸡肠朴”。质硬，较易折断，断面纤维性。
Root bark: Single-cylindrical or irregular block-like, some are curved like chicken intestines, commonly known as "chicken intestine magnolia". It is hard and relatively easy to break, with a fibrous fracture surface.

枝皮（枝朴）呈单筒状，长10～20cm，厚0.1～0.2cm。质脆，易折断，断面纤维性。
Branch bark: Single-cylindrical, 10-20 cm long, 0.1-0.2 cm thick. It is brittle and easily broken, with a fibrous fracture surface.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为10余列细胞；有的可见落皮层。皮层外侧有石细胞环带，内侧散有多数油细胞和石细胞群。韧皮部射线宽1～3列细胞；纤维多数个成束；亦有油细胞散在。
(1) Transverse section: The cork layer consists of more than 10 rows of cells; some may have a fallen bark layer. The outer side of the cortex has a ring of stone cells, and the inner side has scattered oil cells and groups of stone cells. The phloem rays are 1-3 cells wide, and there are numerous fiber bundles. There are also scattered oil cells.

粉末棕色。纤维甚多，直径15～32μm，壁甚厚，有的呈波浪形或一边呈锯齿状，木化，孔沟不明显。石细胞类方形、椭圆形、卵圆形或不规则分枝状，直径11～65μm，有时可见层纹。油细胞椭圆形或类圆形，直径50～85μm，含黄棕色油状物。
Powder: Brown. There are many fibers, with a diameter of 15-32 μm and a very thick wall. Some fibers are wavy or serrated on one side, and they are lignified. The pits are not obvious. Stone cells are square, elliptical, oval, or irregularly branched, with a diameter of 11-65 μm, and sometimes with layered patterns. Oil cells are elliptical or nearly circular, with a diameter of 50-85 μm, containing yellow-brown oily substances.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇5ml，密塞，振摇30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取厚朴酚对照品、和厚朴酚对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-甲醇（17∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在100°C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To 0.5g of the powder add 5ml of methanol, seal tightly, shake for 30 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take an appropriate amount of magnolol reference substance and honokiol reference substance, and add methanol to prepare a mixed solution containing 1mg of each per 1ml as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene and methanol (17:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid at 100°C until the spots are clearly visible. The chromatogram obtained with the test solution should have spots of the same color at corresponding positions as the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 ｜ Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（78∶22）为流动相；检测波长为294nm。理论板数按厚朴酚峰计算应不低于3800。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (78:22) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 294 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of magnolol should not be less than 3800.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取厚朴酚对照品、和厚朴酚对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇分别制成每1ml含厚朴酚40μg、和厚朴酚24μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of magnolol reference substance and honokiol reference substance, accurately weigh, and add methanol to prepare a solution containing 40 μg of magnolol and 24 μg of honokiol per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，摇匀，密塞，浸渍24小时，滤过，精密量取续滤液5ml，置25ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 0.2g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of methanol, shake well, seal tightly, soak for 24 hours, filter, accurately take 5ml of the subsequent filtrate, place it in a 25ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液各4μl与供试品溶液3～5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately aspirate 4 μl of each of the above two reference solutions and 3-5 μl of the test solution into the liquid chromatograph for determination.

含量 Content

本品按干燥品计算，含厚朴酚（C18H18O2）与和厚朴酚（C18H18O2）的总量不得少于2.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of magnolol (C18H18O2) and honokiol (C18H18O2) should not be less than 2.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

厚朴 Magnolia Bark

炮制 Processing

刮去粗皮，洗净，润透，切丝，干燥。
Remove the coarse bark, wash it clean, soak it until it is moist, cut it into shreds, and dry it.

性状 ｜ Description

本品呈弯曲的丝条状或单、双卷筒状。外表面灰褐色，有时可见椭圆形皮孔或纵皱纹。内表面紫棕色或深紫褐色，较平滑，具细密纵纹，划之显油痕。切面颗粒性，有油性，有的可见小亮星。气香，味辛辣、微苦。
In curved, singly or doubly quilled slivers. Outer surface greyish-brown, sometimes elliptical lenticels and longitudinal wrinkles visible. Inner surface purplish-brown or dark purplish-brown, relatively smooth, with fine and dense longitudinal striations, and exhibiting oily trace on scratching. Cut surface granular, oily, sometimes small bright spots visible. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent and slightly bitter.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过5.0%。
Not more than 5.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

姜厚朴 ｜ Magnoliae officinalis Cortex (baked with ginger)

炮制 ｜ Processing

取厚朴丝，照姜汁炙法（通则0213) 炒干。
Stir-bake the slivers of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex as described under the method for stir-baking with ginger juice <0213> to dryness.

性状 ｜ Description

本品形如厚朴丝，表面灰褐色，偶见焦斑。略有姜辣气。
As described for slivers of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex under Processing Externally greyish-brown, occasionally charred stains visible. Slightly gingery odour.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过5.0%。
Not more than 5.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材， 含厚朴酚(C18H18O2)与和厚朴酚(C18H18O2)的总量不得少于1.6%。
It contains not less man 1.6 per cent of the total amount of magnolol (C18H18O2) and honokiol (C18H18O2), following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。
Spleen, stomach, lung, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

燥湿消痰，下气除满。
To dry dampness, resolve phlegm, and relieve qi stagnation.

主治 Indications

用于湿滞伤中，脘痞吐泻，食积气滞，腹胀便秘，痰饮喘咳。
Used for dampness obstruction in the middle energizer, epigastric distension and fullness, vomiting and diarrhea, food stagnation and qi stagnation, abdominal distension and constipation, phlegm retention and cough.

用量 Dosage

3~10g。
3-10g.

用法 ｜ Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place.

厚朴

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物厚朴 Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils.或凹叶厚朴 Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. var. biloba Rehd. et W ils.的干燥干皮、根皮及枝皮。4～6月剥取，根皮和枝皮直接阴干；干皮置沸水中微煮后，堆置阴湿处，“发汗”至内表面变紫褐色或棕褐色时，蒸软，取出，卷成筒状，干燥。
Officinal Magnolia Bark is the dried stem bark, root bark or branch bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. or Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. var. biloba Rehd. et Wils. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The drug is collected from April to June. The root bark and the branch bark are dried in the shade. The stem bark is slightly decocted in boiling water and piled up in a wet place until its inner surface purplish-brown or dark brown, softened by steaming, rolled and dried.

性状 Description

干皮 呈卷筒状或双卷筒状，长30～35cm，厚0.2～0.7cm，习称“筒朴”；近根部的干皮一端展开如喇叭口，长13～25cm，厚0.3～0.8cm，习称“靴筒朴”。外表面灰棕色或灰褐色，粗糙，有时呈鳞片状，较易剥落，有明显椭圆形皮孔和纵皱纹，刮去粗皮者显黄棕色。内表面紫棕色或深紫褐色，较平滑，具细密纵纹，划之显油痕。质坚硬，不易折断，断面颗粒性，外层灰棕色，内层紫褐色或棕色，有油性，有的可见多数小亮星。气香，味辛辣、微苦。
Stem bark Quilled singly or double quilled, 30-35 cm long, 2-7 mm thick, commonly known as "Tongpo"; stem bark near the root with one end spread out like a bell, 13-25 cm long, 3-8 mm thick, commonly known as "Xuetongpo". Outer surface greyish-brown, rough, sometimes scaly, easily exfoliated, with distinct elliptical lenticels and longitudinal wrinkles, appearing yellowish-brown when the coarse bark peeled; inner surface purplish-brown or dark purplish-brown, relatively smooth, with fine and dense longitudinal striations, and exhibiting oily trace on scratching. Texture hard, uneasily broken, fracture granular, greyish-brown in the outer layer and purplish-brown or brown in the inner layer, oily, sometimes numerous small bright spots visible. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为10余列细胞；有的可见落皮层。皮层外侧有石细胞环带，内侧散有多数油细胞和石细胞群。韧皮部射线宽1～3列细胞；纤维多数个成束；亦有油细胞散在。粉末棕色。纤维甚多，直径15～32μm，壁甚厚，有的呈波浪形或一边呈锯齿状，木化，孔沟不明显。石细胞类方形、椭圆形、卵圆形或不规则分枝状，直径11～65μm，有时可见层纹。油细胞椭圆形或类圆形， 直径50～85μm，含黄棕色油状物。
（2） 取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇5ml，密塞，振摇30分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取厚朴酚对照品、和厚朴酚对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-甲醇（17：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在100℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

厚朴 Officinal Magnolia Bark

炮制 Processing

厚朴 刮去粗皮，洗净，润透，切丝，干燥。
Scrape off the coarse bark, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slivers, and dry.

本品呈弯曲的丝条状或单、双卷筒状。外表面灰褐色，有时可见椭圆形皮孔或纵皱纹。内表面紫棕色或深紫褐色，较平滑，具细密纵纹，划之显油痕。切面颗粒性，有油性，有的可见小亮星。气香，味辛辣、微苦。
In curved, singly or doubly quilled slivers. Outer surface greyish-brown, sometimes elliptical lenticels and longitudinal wrinkles visible. Inner surface purplish-brown or dark purplish-brown, relatively smooth, with fine and dense longitudinal striations, and exhibiting oily trace on scratching. Cut surface granular, oily, sometimes small bright spots visible. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent and slightly bitter.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过5.0%。
Not more than 5.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外） 同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

检查 Examination

（酸不溶性灰分） 同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

姜厚朴 Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (baked with ginger)

取厚朴丝，照姜汁炙法（通则0213）炒干。本品形如厚朴丝，表面灰褐色，偶见焦斑。略有姜辣气。
Stir-bake the slivers of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex as described under the method for stir-baking with ginger juice <0213> to dryness.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过5.0%。
Not more than 5.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含厚朴酚（C18H18O2）与和厚朴酚（C18H18O2）的总量不得少于1.6%。
It contains not less than 1.6 per cent of the total amount of magnolol (CHO) and honokiol (CHO), following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外） 同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，温。归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。
Warm; bitter, pungent. Spleen, stomach, lung and large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

燥湿消痰，下气除满。用于湿滞伤中，脘痞吐泻，食积气滞，腹胀便秘，痰饮喘咳。
To dry dampness, resolve phlegm, direct qi downward, and disperse fullness. Dampness stagnation damaging the middle, epigastric stuffiness, vomiting, diarrhea, food retention, qi stagnation, abdominal distension, constipation, and wheezing and cough caused by phlegm-fluid retention.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.