南鹤虱

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物野胡萝卜Daucus carota L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时割取果枝，晒干，打下果实，除去杂质。
Carrot Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Daucus carota L. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe, the fruit stalk is cut off, dried in the sun, and the fruit is separated from the stalk and impurities are removed.

性状 Description

本品为双悬果，呈椭圆形，多裂为分果，分果长3～4mm，宽1.5～2.5mm。表面淡绿棕色或棕黄色，顶端有花柱残基，基部钝圆，背面隆起，具4条窄翅状次棱，翅上密生1列黄白色钩刺，刺长约1.5mm，次棱间的凹下处有不明显的主棱，其上散生短柔毛，接合面平坦，有3条脉纹，上具柔毛。种仁类白色，有油性。体轻。搓碎时有特异香气，味微辛、苦。
Fruits biconvex, elliptical, 3-4 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide; surface pale greenish-brown or brownish-yellow, with a persistent style at the apex, base obtuse and rounded, back convex, with 4 narrow wing-like secondary ridges, each ridge bearing a row of yellowish-white hooked prickles, prickles about 1.5 mm long, inconspicuous primary ridges in the depressions between the secondary ridges, short pubescence on the ridges, adaxial surface flat, with 3 vittae, pubescent. Seed white, oily. Light in weight. Fragrant when rubbed; taste, slightly pungent and bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品分果横切面：外果皮细胞1列，主棱处有分化成单细胞的非腺毛，长86～390μm。中果皮有大型油管，在次棱基部各1个，接合面2个，扁长圆形，直径50～120μm，内含黄棕色油滴；主棱内侧有细小维管束。内果皮为1列扁平薄壁细胞。种皮细胞含红棕色物质。胚乳丰富，薄壁细胞多角形，壁稍厚，含脂肪油和糊粉粒，糊粉粒中含有细小草酸钙簇晶。
(1)Cross-section of this product: exocarp cells in 1 row, with non-glandular hairs differentiated into single cells at the main ribs, 86-390 μm long; mesocarp with large vittae, 1 at the base of each of the secondary ribs, and 2 on the jointed surfaces, flattened and oblong, 50-120 μm in diameter, containing yellow-brown oil droplets; tiny vascular bundles on the inner side of the main ribs. Endocarp in 1 row of flattened thin-walled cells. The seed coat cells contain reddish brown material. The endosperm is rich, and the thin-walled cells are polygonal, with slightly thicker walls, containing fatty oil and pasty grains, and the pasty grains contain fine calcium oxalate clusters.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚20ml，浸渍过夜，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙醚1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取南鹤虱对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（8∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；再喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰，供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of ether, soak overnight, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ether as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug of Carrot Fruit, prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (8:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution. Spray with a 5% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid, heat to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

毒性 Toxicity

有小毒。
Slightly toxic.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃经。
Spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

杀虫消积。
To kill parasites and eliminate accumulation.

主治 Indications

用于蛔虫病，蛲虫病，绦虫病，虫积腹痛，小儿疳积。
Used for ascariasis, enterobiasis, taeniasis, abdominal pain due to intestinal parasites, and malnutrition in children.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place.

南鹤虱

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物野胡萝卜Daucus carota L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时割取果枝，晒干，打下果实，除去杂质。
Wild Carrot Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Daucus carota L. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The fruit branch is cut in autumn when the fruit is ripe, dried in the sun. The fruit is tapped off, and removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品为双悬果，呈椭圆形，多裂为分果，分果长3～4mm，宽1.5～2.5mm。表面淡绿棕色或棕黄色，顶端有花柱残基，基部钝圆，背面隆起，具4条窄翅状次棱，翅上密生1列黄白色钩刺，刺长约1.5mm，次棱间的凹下处有不明显的主棱，其上散生短柔毛，接合面平坦，有3条脉纹，上具柔毛。种仁类白色，有油性。体轻。搓碎时有特异香气，味微辛、苦。
Cremocarp ellpsoidal, mostly separated into mericarp. Mericarp 3-4 mm long, 1. 5-2. 5 mm wide. Externally pale greenish-brown or brownish-yellow, apex bearing remains of a style, base obtuse, dorsal surface raised, with 4 narrow-winged subribs, each rib densely covered with l row of yellowish-white hooks of each about 1. 5 mm long. The dented portion between every 2 ribs having indistinct main ribs, scattered with short hairs. Commissural surface flattened, with 3 hairy veins. Kernel almost white, oily. Texture light. Odour, aromatic when rubbed; taste, slightly pungent and bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品分果横切面：外果皮细胞1列，主棱处有分化成单细胞的非腺毛，长86～390μm。中果皮有大型油管，在次棱基部各1个，接合面2个，扁长圆形，直径50～120μm，内含黄棕色油滴；主棱内侧有细小维管束：内果皮为1列扁平薄壁细胞。种皮细胞含红棕色物质。胚乳丰富，薄壁细胞多角形，壁稍厚，含脂肪油和糊粉粒，糊粉粒中含有细小草酸钙簇晶。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚20ml，浸渍过夜，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙醚1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取南鹤虱对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（8：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；再喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰，供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，平；有小毒。归脾、胃经。
Neutral; bitter, pungent; slightly toxic. Spleen and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

杀虫消积。用于蛔虫病，蛲虫病，绦虫病，虫积腹痛，小儿疳积。
To kill worms and eliminate accumulation. Ascariasis, enterobiasis, taeniasis, abdominal pain caused by worm accumulation, infantile malnutrition with food retention.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～9g.
3-9 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.