胡芦巴

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物胡芦巴Trigonella foenum-graecum L.的干燥成熟种子。夏季果实成熟时采割植株，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Fenugreek Seed is the dried mature seed of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in summer when the fruit is ripe, removed from the plant, dried, and the seeds are separated and cleaned.

性状 Description

本品略呈斜方形或矩形，长3～4 mm，宽2～3 mm，厚约2 mm。表面黄绿色或黄棕色，平滑，两侧各具一深斜沟，相交处有点状种脐。质坚硬，不易破碎。种皮薄，胚乳呈半透明状，具黏性；子叶2，淡黄色，胚根弯曲，肥大而长。气香，味微苦。
Seeds slightly oblique-quadrate or rectangular, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, and about 2 mm thick; externally yellowish-green or yellowish-brown, smooth, with a deep oblique groove on each side, the point of intersection bearing a dot-like hilum. Texture hard, not easily broken. Testa thin, endosperm semi-transparent, sticky; cotyledons 2, pale yellow, radicle curved, plump and long. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。表皮栅状细胞1列，外壁和侧壁上部较厚，有细密纵沟纹，下部胞腔较大，具光辉带；表面观类多角形，壁较厚，胞腔较小。支持细胞1列，略呈哑铃状，上端稍窄，下端较宽，垂周壁显条状纹理；底面观呈类圆形或六角形，有密集的放射状条纹增厚，似菊花纹状，胞腔明显。子叶细胞含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。
（1）The powder is brownish-yellow. Epidermal cells in a single row, with the upper part of the outer and lateral walls thicker and finely longitudinally striated, the lower part of the cell cavity larger, with a bright band; surface view polygonal, with thicker walls and smaller cell cavities. Supporting cells in a single row, slightly dumbbell-shaped, with the upper end slightly narrower and the lower end wider, the vertical walls showing a streaked texture; basal view nearly circular or hexagonal, with dense radial striations thickened, resembling chrysanthemum-like patterns, and distinct cell cavities. Cotyledon cells contain starch grains and oil droplets.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加石油醚（30～60 °C）30 ml，超声处理30分钟，静置，弃去上清液，残渣挥干，加甲醇30 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取胡芦巴碱对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含2 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-盐酸-乙酸乙酯（8∶3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，在105 °C加热1小时，放冷，喷以稀碘化铋钾试液-三氯化铁试液（2∶1）混合溶液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 1 g of the powder add 30 ml of petroleum ether (30-60 °C）, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter and discard the filtrate, evaporate the residue to dryness. Add 30 ml of ethanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue with 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve trigonelline CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 2 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel Gas the coating substance and a mixture of n-butanol, hydrochloride and ethyl acetate (8: 3: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 6 μl of each of the two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a mixture solution of potassium iodobismuthate TS and ferric chloride TS (2: 1). The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

（3）取〔鉴别〕（2）项下的供试品溶液，加甲醇稀释至10 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取胡芦巴对照药材0.1 g，按〔鉴别〕（2）供试品溶液制备方法，制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1 μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以乙醇-丁酮-乙酰丙酮-水（3∶3∶1∶13）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，热风加热5分钟，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（3）To the test solution obtained under Identification (2), add methanol to 10 ml as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 0. 1 g of Trigonellae Semen reference drug in the Same manner described under Identification (2) as the reference drug solution, carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using polyarnide as the coating substance and a mixture of ethanol, butanone, acetylacetonate and water (3: 3: 1: 13) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 1 μl of each of the above two solutions to the film. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in air, spray with aluminium trichloride TS, dry in a current of hot air for 5 minutes, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过1.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 1.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.05%十二烷基磺酸钠溶液-冰醋酸（20∶80∶0.1）为流动相；检测波长为265 nm。理论板数按胡芦巴碱峰计算应不低于4000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, 0. 05% sodium dodecyl sulfonate and glacial acetic acid (20:80:0.1) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 265 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with the reference to the peak of trigonelline.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取胡芦巴碱对照品适量，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1 ml含60 ug的溶液，即得。
Dissolve a quantity of trigonelline CRS, accurately weighed, in 50% methanol to prepare a solution containing 60 μg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，精密加入50%甲醇50 ml，密塞，称定重量，放置1小时，超声处理（功率300 W，频率50 kHz）45分钟，放冷，密塞，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder in a stoppered conical flask, add 50 ml of 50% methanol, and weigh. Allow to stand for 1 hour, ultrasonicate (power 300 W, frequency, 50 kHz) for 45 minutes, allow standing to cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with 50% methanol and mix well. Filter and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 ul，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution into the column and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含胡芦巴碱（C7H7NO2）不得少于0.45%。
This product shall not contain less than 0.45% of fenugreek alkaloids (C7H7NO2) when calculated as a dried product.

饮片 Prepared slices

胡芦巴 Fenugreek Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

性状 ｜ Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

盐胡芦巴 Salted Fenugreek Seed

炮制 ｜ Processing

取净胡芦巴，照盐水炙法（通则0213）炒至鼓起，微具焦斑，有香气溢出时，取出，晾凉。用时捣碎。
Stir-bake the clean Semen Trigonellae as described under the method for stir-baking with salt-water <0213> until it becomes inflated and scenty. Break to pieces before use.

性状 Description

本品形如胡芦巴，表面黄棕色至棕色，偶见焦斑。略具香气，味微咸。
Similar to Trigonellae Semen in shape, enternally yellowishbrown to brown, charred spots occasionally. Odour slightly aromatic; taste, slightly salty.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过11.0%。
Not more than 11.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过7.5%。
Not more than 7.5 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 ｜ Property

温。
Warm.

味 ｜ Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾经。
Kidney meridian.

功能 ｜ Actions

温肾助阳，祛寒止痛。
To warm the kidney, assist yang, dispel cold and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于肾阳不足，下元虚冷，小腹冷痛，寒疝腹痛，寒湿脚气。
Deficiency of kidney yang, deficiency cold in low origin, cold pain in low abdomen, abdominal pain caused by cold, abdominal colic, and cold-dampness tinea pedis.

用量 Dosage

5～10 g。
5-10 g.

用法 ｜ Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Keep in a dry place.

胡芦巴

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物胡芦巴 Trigonella foenum-graecum L. 的干燥成熟种子。夏季果实成熟时采割植株，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Common Fenugreek Seed is the dried ripe seed of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fam. Leguminosae). The plant is collected in summer when the fruit is ripe, dried in the sun. The seed is tapped out and removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品略呈斜方形或矩形，长3～4mm，宽2～3mm，厚约2mm。表面黄绿色或黄棕色，平滑，两侧各具一深斜沟，相交处有点状种脐。质坚硬，不易破碎。种皮薄，胚乳呈半透明状，具黏性；子叶2，淡黄色，胚根弯曲，肥大而长。气香，味微苦。
Slightly rhomboid or rectangular, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, about 2 mm thick. Externally yellowish-green or yellowish-brown, smooth, with a deep oblique furrow on each of the two sides, and a point-like hilum at the intersection of the two furrows. Texture hard, uneasily broken. Testa thin, endosperm translucent and viscous； cotyledons 2, pale yellow, radicle curved, plump and long. Odour, aromatic； taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。表皮栅状细胞1列，外壁和侧壁上部较厚，有细密纵沟纹，下部胞腔较大，具光辉带；表面观类多角形，壁较厚，胞腔较小。支持细胞1列，略呈哑铃状，上端稍窄，下端较宽，垂周壁显条状纹理；底面观呈类圆形或六角形，有密集的放射状条纹增厚，似菊花纹状，胞腔明显。子叶细胞含糊粉粒和脂肪油滴。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（30～60℃）30ml，超声处理30分钟，静置，弃去上清液，残渣挥干，加甲醇30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取胡芦巴碱对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-盐酸-乙酸乙酯（8：3：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，在105℃加热1小时，放冷，喷以稀碘化铋钾试液-三氯化铁试液（2：1）混合溶液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%〈2302〉。
Not more than 5.0 per cent〈2302〉.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过1.0%〈2302〉。
Not more than 1.0 per cent〈2302〉.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives〈2201〉,using dilute ethanol TS as the solvent, not less than 18.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography〈0512〉.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.05%十二烷基磺酸钠溶液-冰醋酸（20：80：0.1）为流动相；检测波长为265nm。理论板数按胡芦巴碱峰计算应不低于4000。

en:
Common Fenugreek Seed

Common Fenugreek Seed is the dried ripe seed of Trigonella foenum-graecum L (Fam. Leguminosae). The plant is collected in summer when the fruit is ripe, dried in the sun. The seed is tapped out and removed from foreign matter.

Description Slightly rhomboid or rectangular, 3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, about 2 mm thick. Externally yellowish-green or yellowish-brown, smooth, with a deep oblique furrow on each of the two sides, and a point-like hilum at the intersection of the two furrows. Texture hard, uneasily broken. Testa thin, endosperm translucent and viscous； cotyledons 2, pale yellow, radicle curved, plump and long. Odour, aromatic； taste, slightly bitter.

Identification (1) Powder： Yellowish-brown. Palisade cells o£ epidermis 1-layer, with relatively thickened outer and upper lateral wall and light band, and a relatively large lumen at the lower part. Longitudinal pit-cannals fine and close； subpolygonal in surface view , with relatively thickened walls and relatively small tumina. Supporting cells 1 layer, somewhat dumbell-shaped, narrow at the upper end but broader at the lower end with linear striations on anticlinal walls. Subrounded or hexangular in lower face view, walls densely and recdially striation-like thickened, chrysanthemum-like, lumina dostinct. Cotyledon cells containing aleurone grains and fatty oil droplets.
(2)To 1 g of the powder add 30 ml of petroleum ether (30-60℃), ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter and discard the filtrate, evaporate the residue to dryness. Add 30 ml of ethanol, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue with 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve trigonelline CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 2 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-butanol, hydrochloride and ethyl acetate (8 : 3 : 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 6 μl of each of the two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a mixture solution of potassium iodobismuthate TS and ferric chloride TS (2 : 1). The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

Examination

Water Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
Total ash Not more than 5.0 per cent〈2302〉.

Property and Flavor Warm； bitter.
Meridian tropism kidney meridian.