茯苓

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *

概述 Overview

本品为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos（Schw.）Wolf的干燥菌核。多于7～9月采挖，挖出后除去泥沙，堆置“发汗”后，摊开晾至表面干燥，再“发汗”，反复数次至现皱纹、内部水分大部散失后，阴干，称为“茯苓个”；或将鲜茯苓按不同部位切制，阴干，分别称为“茯苓块”和“茯苓片”。
Poria is the dried sclerotium of the fungus Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fam. Polyporaceae). It is collected in July to September, removed from adhering soil, piled up and allowed to undergo sweating, spread out to dry until the surface is dry, then undergo sweating repeatedly until the surface is wrinkled and most of the internal moisture is lost, and finally dried in the shade. The dried sclerotium is called "Fuling Ge". Fresh Poria is cut into different parts, dried in the shade, and then called "Fuling Kuai" or "Fuling Pian".

性状 Description

茯苓个 Fuling Ge

呈类球形、椭圆形、扁圆形或不规则团块，大小不一。外皮薄而粗糙，棕褐色至黑褐色，有明显的皱缩纹理。体重，质坚实，断面颗粒性，有的具裂隙，外层淡棕色，内部白色，少数淡红色，有的中间抱有松根。气微，味淡，嚼之粘牙。
Fuling Ge is irregularly shaped, ranging from spherical, elliptical, flat round to irregular clumps, with varying sizes. The outer skin is thin and rough, ranging from brownish-brown to blackish-brown, with obvious wrinkled texture. The texture is heavy and solid, with a granular fracture surface, some with cracks, the outer layer is light brown, the inner part is white, a few are light red, and some have pine roots in the middle. It has a slight odor and a mild taste, and is sticky when chewed.

茯苓块 Fuling Kuai

为去皮后切制的茯苓，呈立方块状或方块状厚片，大小不一。白色、淡红色或淡棕色。
Fuling Kuai is the peeled and cut Poria, which is cubic or square-shaped and thick, with varying sizes. It is white, light red, or light brown in color.

茯苓片 Fuling Pian

为去皮后切制的茯苓，呈不规则厚片，厚薄不一。白色、淡红色或淡棕色。
Fuling Pian is the peeled and cut Poria, which is irregularly shaped and varies in thickness. It is white, light red, or light brown in color.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰白色。不规则颗粒状团块和分枝状团块无色，遇水合氯醛液渐溶化。菌丝无色或淡棕色，细长，稍弯曲，有分枝，直径3～8 μm，少数至16 μm。
（1）The powder of this product is grayish-white. Irregular granular clumps and branched clumps are colorless and gradually dissolve in chloral hydrate solution. The hyphae are colorless or light brown, slender, slightly curved, branched, with a diameter of 3-8 μm, and a few up to 16 μm.

（2）取本品粉末少量，加碘化钾碘试液1滴，显深红色。
（2）Take a small amount of the powder, add 1 drop of potassium iodide-iodine test solution, and show deep red color.

（3）取本品粉末1 g，加乙醚50 ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取茯苓对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20：5：0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛硫酸溶液-乙醇（4：1）混合溶液，在105 ℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点。
（3）Take 1 g of the powder, add 50 ml of ether, ultrasonicate for 10 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug Poria, and prepare the reference drug solution using the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-acetic ether-formic acid (20: 5: 0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a mixture of 2% vanillin sulfuric acid solution and ethanol (4: 1), heat at 105 °C to the spots clear. The main spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the main spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过18.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸岀物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于2.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 2.5 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

茯苓 Poria

炮制 Processing

取茯苓个，浸泡，洗净，润后稍蒸，及时削去外皮，切制成块或切厚片，晒干。
Take Fuling Ge, soak, wash, slightly steam after moistening, promptly remove the outer skin, cut into blocks or thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 ｜ Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 ｜ Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 ｜ Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 ｜ Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、淡。
Sweet and tasteless.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺、脾、肾经。
Heart, lung, spleen, and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

利水渗湿，健脾，宁心。
To promote diuresis, leach out dampness, invigorate the spleen, and calm the mind.

主治 Indications

用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
Used for edema with oliguria, phlegm-dampness, dizziness and palpitations, spleen deficiency with reduced food intake, loose stools or diarrhea, restlessness of the mind, palpitations, and insomnia.

用量 Dosage

10~15 g。
10-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防潮。
Store in a dry place, moisture-proof.

茯苓

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为多孔菌科真菌茯苓 Poria cocos（Schw.）Wolf 的干燥菌核。多于7～9月采挖，挖出后除去泥沙，堆置“发汗”后，摊开晾至表面干燥，再“发汗”，反复数次至现皱纹、内部水分大部散失后，阴干，称为“茯苓个”；或将鲜茯苓按不同部位切制，阴干，分别称为“茯苓块”和“茯苓片”。
Indian Bread is the dried sclerotium of the fungus, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fam. Polyporaceae). The drug is collected mostly in July to September, removed from soil, piled up to the surface wetted, then spread to the surface dried. Repeat this operation for several times until wrinkles appears and the inside water evaporated, then dried in the shade, it is known as “Fulingge”. Or the fresh sclerotium is cut and dried in the air, according to the cut portions, known as “Fulingkuai’’ and “Fulingpian”, respectively.

性状 Description

茯苓个
呈类球形、椭圆形、扁圆形或不规则团块，大小不一。外皮薄而粗糙，棕褐色至黑褐色，有明显的皱缩纹理。体重，质坚实，断面颗粒性，有的具裂隙，外层淡棕色，内部白色，少数淡红色，有的中间抱有松根。气微，味淡，嚼之粘牙。

茯苓块
为去皮后切制的茯苓，呈立方块状或方块状厚片，大小不一。白色、淡红色或淡棕色。

茯苓片
为去皮后切制的茯苓，呈不规则厚片，厚薄不一。白色、淡红色或淡棕色。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰白色。不规则颗粒状团块和分枝状团块无色，遇水合氯醛液渐溶化。菌丝无色或淡棕色，细长，稍弯曲，有分枝，直径3～8μm，少数至16μm。
（2）取本品粉末少量，加碘化钾碘试液1滴，显深红色。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过18.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于2.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction merhod>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 2. 5 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

茯苓 Indian Bread

炮制 Processing

取茯苓个，浸泡，洗净，润后稍蒸，及时削去外皮，切制成块或切厚片，晒干。
Soak Poria in water, wash clean and steam briefly after softened. After peeling, cut into pieces or thick slices, and then dry.

性状 Description

鉴别 Identification

检查 Examination

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。
Neutral, sweet and bland. Meridian tropism Heart, lung, spleen and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

利水渗湿，健脾，宁心。用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
To promote urination to drain dampness, fortify the spleen, and calm the heart. Indicated for edema, small quantity of urination, dizziness and palpitations caused by phlegm-fluid retention, spleen deficiency, reduced food intake, sloppy stool, diarrhea, disquieted heart spirit, fright palpitations and insomnia.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

10～15g。
10-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moisture.