降香

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物降香檀Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen树干和根的干燥心材。全年均可采收，除去边材，阴干。
Dalbergia Odorifera Wood is the dried heartwood of the trunk and root of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected throughout the year, removed from the bark, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆柱形或不规则块状。表面紫红色或红褐色，切面有致密的纹理。质硬，有油性。气微香，味微苦。
Pieces cylindrical or irregularly shaped; surface purple-red or reddish-brown, with dense texture on cut surface; texture hard, oily. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕紫色或黄棕色。具缘纹孔导管巨大，完整者直径约至300 μm，多破碎，具缘纹孔大而清晰，管腔内含红棕色或黄棕色物。纤维成束，棕红色，直径8～26 μm，壁甚厚，有的纤维束周围细胞含草酸钙方晶，形成晶纤维，含晶细胞的壁不均匀木化增厚。草酸钙方晶直径6～22 μm。木射线宽1～2列细胞，高至15细胞，壁稍厚，纹孔较密。色素块红棕色、黄棕色或淡黄色。
（1）Powder brownish-purple or yellowish-brown. Vessels with large bordered pits, diameter of complete ones about 300 μm, mostly broken, bordered pits large and distinct, containing reddish-brown or yellowish-brown substances in the lumen. Fibres in bundles, reddish-brown, diameter 8-26 μm, walls very thick, some fibres surrounded by cells containing calcium oxalate prisms, forming crystal fibres, walls of cells containing crystals unevenly lignified. Calcium oxalate prisms diameter 6-22 μm. Rays 1-2 cells wide, up to 15 cells high, walls slightly thick, pits rather dense. Pigment cells reddish-brown, yellowish-brown or pale yellow.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加甲醇10 ml，超声处理30分钟，放置，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取降香对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙醚-三氯甲烷（7：2：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液与无水乙醇（1：9）的混合溶液，在105 ℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 1 g of the powder add 10 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, allow to stand, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug, Dalbergia Odorifera Wood, in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and chloroform (7: 2: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a mixture of a 1% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid and anhydrous ethanol (1: 9), heat at 105 °C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.

（3）取〔鉴别〕（2）项下供试品溶液和对照药材溶液，照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯（2：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（3）Take the test solution and the reference drug solution prepared under the item Identification](2), carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate (2: 1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 8.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204, method A>.

本品含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
The volatile oil content of the drug is not less than 1.0% (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

降香 Dalbergia Odorifera Wood

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，劈成小块，碾成细粉或镑片。
Eliminate Foreign matter, split into small pieces, and grind into fine powder or slice.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

化瘀止血，理气止痛。
To promote blood circulation and stop bleeding, regulate qi and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，外伤出血，肝郁胁痛，胸痹刺痛，跌扑伤痛，呕吐腹痛。
Used for vomiting blood, nosebleed, bleeding due to trauma, liver depression causing pain in the hypochondrium, chest pain, stabbing pain in the chest, pain due to falls or blows, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

用量 Dosage

9～15 g。外用适量。
9-15 g. For external use, an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

后下。外用适量，研细末敷患处。
Add when the decoction is nearly done. For external use, an appropriate amount is ground into fine powder and applied to the affected area.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

降香

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物降香檀 Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen 树干和根的干燥心材。全年均可采收，除去边材，阴干。
Rosewood is the dried heart wood of trunk and root of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected all the year round, removed from the sap wood, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆柱形或不规细块状。表面紫红色或红褐色，切面有致密的纹理。质硬，有油性。气微香，味微苦。
In subcylindrical or irregular pieces. Externally purplish-red or reddish-brown, cut surface with dense striations. Texture hard, oily. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕紫色或黄棕色。具缘纹孔导管巨大，完整者直径约至300μm，多破碎，具缘纹孔大而清晰，管腔内含红棕色或黄棕色物。纤维成束，棕红色，直径8～26μm，壁甚厚，有的纤维束周围细胞含草酸钙方晶，形成晶纤维，含晶细胞的壁不均匀木化增厚。草酸钙方晶直径6～22μm。木射线宽1～2列细胞，高至15细胞，壁稍厚，纹孔较密。色素块红棕色、黄棕色或淡黄色。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，放置，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取降香对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙醚-三氯甲烷（7：2：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液与无水乙醇（1：9）的混合溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 8.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油
照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。

饮片 Prepared slices

降香 Rosewood

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，劈成小块，碾成细粉或镑片。
Eliminate foreign matter, split into small pieces, and pulverize to fine powder or cut into slices.

性 Property

辛，温。
Pungent; warm.

味 Flavor

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

化瘀止血，理气止痛。
To resolve stasis, stanch bleeding, regulate qi, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，外伤出血，肝郁胁痛，胸痹刺痛，跌扑伤痛，呕吐腹痛。
Hematemesis, epistaxis, traumatic bleeding, liver depression with hypochondriac pain, stabbing pain caused by chest bi disorders, pain caused by traumatic injuries, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

用量 Dosage

9～15g，后下。外用适量，研细末敷患处。
9-15 g, added when the decoction is nearly done. Appropriate amount for topical application after grinding it into an extremely fine powder.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.