苘麻子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为锦葵科植物苘麻Abutilon theophrasti Medic.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采收成熟果实，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Abutilon Seed is the dried mature seed of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. (Fam. Malvaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, dried in the sun, the seeds are removed and impurities are eliminated.

性状 Description

本品呈三角状肾形，长3.5～6 mm，宽2.5～4.5 mm，厚1～2 mm。表面灰黑色或暗褐色，有白色稀疏绒毛，凹陷处有类椭圆状种脐，淡棕色，四周有放射状细纹。种皮坚硬，子叶2，重叠折曲，富油性。气微，味淡。
Seeds triangular-reniform, 3.5-6 mm long, 2.5-4.5 mm wide, 1-2 mm thick. Surface greyish-black or dark brown, with sparse white hairs; hilum elliptical, slightly concave, light brown, with radiating fine lines around it. Seed coat hard; cotyledons 2, overlapping and folded; oily. Odour, slight; taste, bland.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，扁长方形，有的分化成单细胞非腺毛。下皮细胞1列，略径向延长。栅状细胞1列，长柱形，长约至88 μm，壁极厚，上部可见线形胞腔，其末端膨大，内含细小球状结晶。色素层4～5列细胞，含黄棕色或红棕色物。胚乳和子叶细胞含脂肪油和糊粉粒，子叶细胞还含少数细小草酸钙簇晶。
(1) Transverse section of the seed: Epidermal cells in 1 row, elongated rectangular, some differentiated into single non-glandular hairs. Subepidermal cells in 1 row, slightly radially elongated. Palisade cells in 1 row, long columnar, about 88 μm long, with very thick walls, with linear cell cavities visible in the upper part, the terminal part swollen, containing small spherical crystals. Pigment layer with 4-5 rows of cells, containing yellowish-brown or reddish-brown substances. Endosperm and cotyledon cells containing fat oil and starch grains, and a few small clusters of calcium oxalate crystals in the cotyledon cells.

（2）取本品粉末2 g，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流至提取液无色，放冷，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干，加乙醇30 ml，超声处理30分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液浓缩至2 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取苘麻子对照药材2 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-丙酮-甲醇-甲酸（3:1:0.5:0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 2 g of the powder add a suitable amount of petroleum ether (60-90°C) in a Soxhlet extractor, heat under reflux until the extract is colourless, cool, discard the petroleum ether, dry the residue, add 30 ml of ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, cool, filter, concentrate the filtrate to 2 ml as the test solution. Take 2 g of Abutilon Seed as the reference material and prepare the reference material solution in the same manner. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, acetone, methanol and formic acid (3:1:0.5:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 110°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference material solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过1%（通则2301）。
Not more than 1.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于17.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 17.0 per cent.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归大肠、小肠、膀胱经。
Large intestine, small intestine, and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，利湿，退翳。
To clear heat and detoxify, promote diuresis, and eliminate opacity.

主治 Indications

用于赤白痢疾，淋证涩痛，痈肿疮毒，目生翳膜。
Used for dysentery with red and white discharge, painful urinary dysfunction, abscess and swelling, and opacity in the eyes.

用量 Dosage

3～9 g.
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

苘麻子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为锦葵科植物苘麻Abutilon theophrasti Medic.的干燥成熟种子。秋季采收成熟果实，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质。
Chingma Abutilon Seed is the dried ripe seed of Abutilon theophrastii Medic. (Fam. Malvaceae). The fruit is collected in autumn when ripe, dried in the sun, and the seed is trapped out, removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈三角状肾形，长3.5～6mm，宽2.5～4.5mm，厚1～2mm。表面灰黑色或暗褐色，有白色稀疏绒毛，凹陷处有类椭圆状种脐，淡棕色，四周有放射状细纹。种皮坚硬，子叶2，重叠折曲，富油性。气微，味淡。
Triangular reniform, 3.5-6 mm long, 2.5-4.5 mm wide, 1-2 mm thick. Externally greyish-black or dark brown, bearing sparse white tomenta, a subelliptical hilum at the dented part, pale brown, radially striated around the edges. Testa hard, cotyledons 2, folded, oily. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，扁长方形，有的分化成单细胞非腺毛。下皮细胞1列，略径向延长。栅状细胞1列，长柱形，长约至88μm，壁极厚，上部可见线形胞腔，其末端膨大，内含细小球状结晶。色素层4～5列细胞，含黄棕色或红棕色物。胚乳和子叶细胞含脂肪油和糊粉粒，子叶细胞还含少数细小草酸钙簇晶。
（2）取本品粉末2g，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流至提取液无色，放冷，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干，加乙醇30ml，超声处理30分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液浓缩至2ml，作为供试品溶液。另取苘麻子对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-丙酮-甲醇-甲酸（3：1：0.5：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过1%（通则2301）。
Not more than 1 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于17.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, using anhydrous ethanol as solvent, not less than 17.0 per cent.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦，平。归大肠、小肠、膀胱经。
Neutral; bitter. Meridian tropism: Large intestine, small intestine, and bladder meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

清热解毒，利湿，退翳。用于赤白痢疾，淋证涩痛，痈肿疮毒，目生翳膜。
To clear heat remove toxin, drain dampness, and relieve nebula. Indicated for dysentery with blood or mucus in the stool, stranguria with difficulty and pain, swelling abscess, various skin infections, and nebula.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.