没药

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为橄榄科植物地丁树Commiphora myrrha Engl. 或哈地丁树Commiphora molmol Engl.的干燥树脂。分为天然没药和胶质没药。
Myrrh is the dried resin of Commiphora myrrha Engl. or Commiphora molmol Engl. (Fam. Burseraceae). It is divided into natural myrrh and gum myrrh.

性状 Description

天然没药呈不规则颗粒性团块，大小不等，大者直径长达6cm以上。表面黄棕色或红棕色，近半透明部分呈棕黑色，被有黄色粉尘。质坚脆，破碎面不整齐，无光泽。有特异香气，味苦而微辛。
Natural myrrh showed irregular granular masses, ranging in size, with a diameter of more than 6cm. The surface is yellowish brown or reddish brown, and the nearly translucent part is brownish black, with yellow dust. Hard and brittle, broken surface is not neat, dull. It has a special aroma, bitter and slightly spicy.

胶质没药呈不规则块状和颗粒，多黏结成大小不等的团块，大者直径长达6cm以上，表面棕黄色至棕褐色，不透明，质坚实或疏松，有特异香气，味苦而有黏性。
The gum myrrh is irregular and granular, and it is mostly bonded into agglomerates of different sizes. The diameter of the large one is more than 6cm. The surface is brownish yellow to brown, opaque, solid or loose, with specific aroma, bitter taste and stickiness.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末0.1g，加乙醚3ml，振摇，滤过，滤液置蒸发皿中，挥尽乙醚，残留的黄色液体滴加硝酸，显褐紫色。
To 0.1g of the powder add 3 ml of ether, shake, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, add nitric acid to the residue, and a brownish-purple color is produced.

（2）取本品粉末少量，加香草醛试液数滴，天然没药立即显红色，继而变为红紫色，胶质没药立即显紫红色，继而变为蓝紫色。
Take a small amount of the powder, add a few drops of vanillin test solution, natural myrrh immediately turns red, then becomes reddish-purple, gum myrrh immediately turns purple-red, then becomes blue-purple.

（3）取〔含量测定〕项下的挥发油适量，加环己烷制成每1ml含天然没药10mg或胶质没药50mg的溶液，作为供试品溶液。另取天然没药对照药材或胶质没药对照药材各2g，照挥发油测定法（通则2204乙法）加环己烷2ml，缓缓加热至沸，并保持微沸约2.5小时，放置后，取环己烷溶液作为对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙醚（4:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，立即喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
Take an appropriate amount of the volatile oil under the [content determination] item, add n-hexane to make a solution containing 10 mg of natural myrrh or 50 mg of gum myrrh per 1 ml as the test solution. Take 2 g of the reference drug of natural myrrh or gum myrrh, add 2 ml of n-hexane according to the method for determination of volatile oil (General Rule 2204 B), heat slowly to boiling, and maintain a gentle boil for about 2.5 hours. After standing, take the n-hexane solution as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane and ether (4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 4 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.## 检查 | Examination

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

天然没药不得过10%，胶质没药不得过15%（通则2301）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent of natural myrrh, not more than 15.0 per cent of gum myrrh <2301>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

取本品20g（除去杂质），照挥发油测定法（通则2204乙法）测定。
Take 20g of the sample (after removing impurities) and determine according to the method for determination of volatile oil <2204, method B>.

本品含挥发油天然没药不得少于4.0%（ml/g），胶质没药不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil in natural myrrh shall not be less than 4.0 per cent (ml/g), and in gum myrrh shall not be less than 2.0 per cent (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

醋没药 Vinegar-fried myrrh

炮制 Processing

取净没药，照醋炙法（通则0213），炒至表面光亮。
Take clean myrrh and process it according to the vinegar-frying method <0213> until the surface is shiny.

每100kg没药，用醋5kg。
For every 100kg of myrrh, use 5kg of vinegar.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则小块状或类圆形颗粒状，表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有光泽。具特异香气，略有醋香气，味苦而微辛。
This product is irregular small block or round granular, surface brown or dark brown, shiny. It has specific aroma, slightly vinegar aroma, bitter and slightly spicy taste.

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。
Same as the crude drug, the content of volatile oil shall not be less than 2.0 per cent (ml/g).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝、脾经。
Meridian tropism: Heart, liver, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

散瘀定痛，消肿生肌。
To promote blood circulation and relieve pain, reduce swelling and promote tissue regeneration.

主治 Indications

用于胸痹心痛，胃脘疼痛，痛经经闭，产后瘀阻，癥瘕腹痛，风湿痹痛，跌打损伤，痈肿疮疡。
Used for chest pain, epigastric pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, postpartum stasis, abdominal pain due to masses, rheumatic arthralgia, trauma, carbuncle, swelling, and sores.

用量 Dosage

3～5g。
3-5g.

用法 Administration

炮制去油，多入丸散用。
Processed to remove oil, often used in pill or powder form.

注意 Precautions

孕妇及胃弱者慎用。
Caution should be exercised in pregnant women and those with weak stomach.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Store in a cool and dry place.

没药

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为橄榄科植物地丁树Commiphora myrrha Engl. 或哈地丁树Commiphora molmol Engl.的干燥树脂。分为天然没药和胶质没药。
Myrrh is the dried resin collected from the trunk of Commiphora myrrha Engl. or Commiphora molmol Engl. (Fam. Burseraceae). The drug is divided into natural myrrh and colloidal myrrh.

性状 Description

天然没药
呈不规则颗粒性团块，大小不等，大者直径长达6cm以上。表面黄棕色或红棕色，近半透明部分呈棕黑色，被有黄色粉尘。质坚脆，破碎面不整齐，无光泽。有特异香气，味苦而微辛。

胶质没药
呈不规则块状和颗粒，多黏结成大小不等的团块，大者直径长达6cm以上，表面棕黄色至棕褐色，不透明，质坚实或疏松，有特异香气，味苦而有黏性。

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末0.1g，加乙醚3ml，振摇，滤过，滤液置蒸发皿中，挥尽乙醚，残留的黄色液体滴加硝酸，显褐紫色。
（2）取本品粉末少量，加香草醛试液数滴，天然没药立即显红色，继而变为红紫色，胶质没药立即显紫红色，继而变为蓝紫色。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

天然没药不得过10%，胶质没药不得过15%（通则 2301）。
Not more than 10 per cent for natural myrrh, not more than 15 per cent for colloidal myrrh <2301>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15. 0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

取本品20g（除去杂质），照挥发油测定法 （通则2204乙法）测定。
To 20 g of the powder (removal of foreign matter), carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204, method 2>.

本品含挥发油天然没药不得少于4.0%（ml/g），胶质没药不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。
It contains not less than 4.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil for natural myrrh and 2.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil for colloidal myrrh.

饮片 Prepared slices

没药 Myrrh

炮制 Processing

醋没药
取净没药，照醋炙法（通则0213），炒至表面光亮。

检查 Examination

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于2.0% （ml/g）。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 2.0 per cent (ml/g) of volatile oil.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，平。归心、肝、脾经。
Neutral; pungent and bitter. Heart, liver and spleen meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

散瘀定痛，消肿生肌。用于胸痹心痛，胃脘疼痛，痛经经闭，产后瘀阻，癥瘕腹痛，风湿痹痛，跌打损伤，痈肿疮疡。
To dissipate stasis, relieve pain, disperse swelling, and promote tissue regeneration. Used for chest bi disorder and heart pain, pain in the epigastrium, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, postpartum stasis and obstruction, abdominal pain caused by masses and accumulation, arthralgia caused by wind-dampness, traumatic injuries, swelling abscess, sore and ulcer.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～5g，炮制去油，多入丸散用。
3-5 g, processed to remove oil, usually used in pills or powder.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇及胃弱者慎用。
Used with caution during pregnancy, and people with weak stomach.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.