沉香

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为瑞香科植物白木香Aquilaria sinensis（Lour.）Gilg含有树脂的木材。全年均可采收，割取含树脂的木材，除去不含树脂的部分，阴干。
Agarwood is the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Fam. Thymelaeaceae). The drug is collected at any time of the year, the resinous wood is cut, and the non-resinous parts are removed, then dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则块、片状或盔帽状，有的为小碎块。表面凹凸不平，有刀痕，偶有孔洞，可见黑褐色树脂与黄白色木部相间的斑纹，孔洞及凹窝表面多呈朽木状。质较坚实，断面刺状。气芳香，味苦。
Agarwood is irregular in shape, in pieces or helmet-shaped, some are small fragments. The surface is uneven with knife marks, occasional holes, and visible streaks of black-brown resin alternating with yellow-white wood. The surface of the holes and depressions often appears rotten wood-like. The texture is relatively solid with a prickly fracture. It has a fragrant odor and a bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：射线宽1～2列细胞，充满棕色树脂。导管圆多角形，直径42～128 μm，有的含棕色树脂。木纤维多角形，直径20～45 μm，壁稍厚，木化。木间韧皮部扁长椭圆状或条带状，常与射线相交，细胞壁薄，非木化，内含棕色树脂；其间散有少数纤维，有的薄壁细胞含草酸钙柱晶。
(1) Transverse section: Rays are 1-2 cells wide, filled with brown resin. Vessels are circular or polygonal, with a diameter of 42-128 μm, some containing brown resin. Fibers are polygonal, with a diameter of 20-45 μm, slightly thick-walled and lignified. The interfascicular cambium is flattened, elongated elliptical or strip-shaped, often intersecting with rays. The cell walls are thin and non-lignified, containing brown resin. There are a few scattered fibers, and some thin-walled cells contain calcium oxalate prisms.

（2）取〔浸出物〕项下醇溶性浸出物，进行微量升华，得黄褐色油状物，香气浓郁；于油状物上加盐酸1滴与香草醛少量，再滴加乙醇1～2滴，渐显樱红色，放置后颜色加深。
(2) Take the alcohol-soluble extract under the [Extraction] item, perform micro-sublimation, obtain a yellow-brown oily substance with a strong aroma; add 1 drop of hydrochloric acid and a small amount of vanillin to the oily substance, then add 1-2 drops of ethanol, gradually showing cherry red, and the color deepens after standing.

（3）取本品粉末0.5 g，加乙醚30 ml，超声处理60分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烷2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取沉香对照药材0.5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙醚（10：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(3) Take 0.5 g of the powder, add 30 ml of ether, and sonicate for 60 minutes. Filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of chloroform as the test solution. Take 0.5 g of the reference medicinal material of agarwood, and prepare the reference medicinal material solution using the same method. Perform thin-layer chromatography<0502> using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and ether (10:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference medicinal material.

特征图谱 Chromatographic Fingerprint

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂（柱长为25 cm，内径为4.6 mm，粒径为5 μm，Diamonsil C18 或 Phenomenex luna C18 色谱柱）；以乙腈为流动相A，以0. 1%甲酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；流速为每分钟0.7 ml；柱温为30°C；检测波长为252 nm。理论板数按沉香四醇峰计算应不低于6000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler (column length 25 cm, inner diameter 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm, Diamonsil C18 or Phenomenex luna C18 chromatographic column); use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase B, perform gradient elution according to the specifications in the table below; flow rate is 0.7 ml per minute; column temperature is 30°C; detection wavelength is 252 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of agarwood tetrol should not be less than 6000.

参照物溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取沉香对照药材约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇10 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250 W,频率40 kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，静置，取上清液滤过，取续滤液，作为对照药材参照物溶液。另取〔含量测定〕项下的对照品溶液，作为对照品参照物溶液。
Preparation of reference solution: Take about 0.2 g of the reference medicinal material of agarwood, accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 10 ml of ethanol, weigh it again, sonicate (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 1 hour, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with ethanol, shake well, let it stand, take the supernatant and filter, and take the subsequent filtrate as the reference medicinal material solution. Take the reference product solution under the [Content Determination] item as the reference product reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取〔含量测定〕项下的供试品溶液，即得。
Preparation of test solution: Take the test solution under the [Content Determination] item, and that's it.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取参照物溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determination method: Precisely aspirate 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

供试品特征图谱中应呈现6个特征峰，并应与对照药材参照物色谱峰中的6个特征峰相对应，其中峰1应与对照品参照物峰保留时间相一致。
The test solution should exhibit 6 characteristic peaks, which should correspond to the 6 characteristic peaks in the chromatographic peaks of the reference medicinal material. Peak 1 should have the same retention time as the reference product reference peak.

浸出物 Extract

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Determination by hot extraction method under the [Alcohol-soluble Extract] item, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0%.

含量测定 Content Determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，0. 1%甲酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；柱温为30°C；检测波长为252 nm。理论板数按沉香四醇峰计算应不低于6000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase B, perform gradient elution according to the specifications in the table below; column temperature is 30°C; detection wavelength is 252 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of agarwood tetrol should not be less than 6000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取沉香四醇对照品适量，精密称定，加乙醇制成每1 ml含60 μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of agarwood tetrol reference product, accurately weigh it, add ethanol to make a solution containing 60 μg per 1 ml, and that's it.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙醇10 ml，称定重量，浸泡0.5小时，超声处理（功率250 W,频率40 kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，静置，取上清液滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution: Take about 0.2 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 10 ml of ethanol, weigh it again, soak for 0.5 hours, sonicate (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 1 hour, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with ethanol, shake well, let it stand, take the supernatant and filter, and take the subsequent filtrate, and that's it.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determination method: Precisely aspirate 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含沉香四醇（C17H18O6）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of agarwood tetrol (C17H18O6) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared Slices

沉香 Agarwood

炮制 Processing

除去枯废白木，劈成小块。用时捣碎或研成细粉。
Remove the withered and decayed white wood, split it into small pieces. When used, crush or grind it into fine powder.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则片状、长条形或类方形小碎块状，长0.3～7.0 cm，宽0.2～5.5 cm。表面凹凸不平，有的有刀痕，偶有孔洞，可见黑褐色树脂与黄白色木部相间的斑纹。质较坚实，刀切面平整，折断面刺状。气芳香，味苦。
Prepared slices are irregular in shape, elongated or square-shaped small fragments, with a length of 0.3-7.0 cm and a width of 0.2-5.5 cm. The surface is uneven with knife marks, occasional holes, and visible streaks of black-brown resin alternating with yellow-white wood. The texture is relatively solid, the cut surface is flat, and the fracture surface is prickly. It has a fragrant odor and a bitter taste.

性 Property

微温
Slightly warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent, bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肾经。
Enters the Spleen, Stomach, and Kidney meridians.

功能 Functions

行气止痛，温中止呕，纳气平喘。
Promotes Qi circulation and relieves pain, warms the Middle Jiao and stops vomiting, regulates Qi and calms wheezing.

主治 Indications

用于胸腹胀闷疼痛，胃寒呕吐呃逆，肾虚气逆喘急。
Used for chest and abdominal distention and pain, vomiting and belching due to Stomach cold, and wheezing and urgent breathing due to Kidney deficiency and Qi counterflow.

用量 Dosage

1～5 g。
1-5 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Decocted later.

贮藏 Storage

密闭，置阴凉干燥处。
Sealed, stored in a cool and dry place.

沉香

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为瑞香科植物白木香Aquilaria sinensis （ Lour.） Gilg含有树脂的木材。全年均可采收，割取含树脂的木材，除去不含树脂的部分，阴干。
Chinese Eaglewood Wood is the resin containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Fam. Thymelaeaceae). The drug is collected all the year round, removed from the part without resin, and dried in shade.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则块、片状或盔帽状，有的为小碎块。表面凹凸不平，有刀痕，偶有孔洞，可见黑褐色树脂与黄白色木部相间的斑纹，孔洞及凹窝表面多呈朽木状。质较坚实，断面刺状。气芳香，味苦。
In irregular lumps and flakes, or helmet-shaped, sometimes in shreds. Externally lumpy, with scars of knife cutting, and showing a few of holes, and streaks formed by black-brown resin alternating with yellowish-white wood. Surface of holes and depressions mostly rottenwood-like. Texture relatively compact, fracture splintery. Odour, aromatic; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：射线宽1～2列细胞，充满棕色树脂。导管圆多角形，直径42～128μm，有的含棕色树脂。木纤维多角形，直径20～45μm，壁稍厚，木化。木间韧皮部扁长椭圆状或条带状，常与射线相交，细胞壁薄，非木化，内含棕 色树脂；其间散有少数纤维，有的薄壁细胞含草酸钙柱晶。
（2）取〔浸出物〕项下醇溶性浸出物，进行微量升华，得黄褐色油状物，香气浓郁；于油状物上加盐酸1滴与香草醛少量，再滴加乙醇1～2滴，渐显樱红色，放置后颜色加深。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

沉香 Chinese Eaglewood Wood

炮制 Processing

除去枯废白木，劈成小块。用时捣碎或研成细粉。
Eliminate the white and rottenwood, split to small pieces; break to tiny pieces or pulverize to fine powder for use.

性 Property

微温。
Mild warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

脾、胃、肾经。
Spleen, stomach and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

行气止痛，温中止呕，纳气平喘。
To move qi, relieve pain, warm the middle energizer, stop vomiting, absorb qi and relieve wheezing.

主治 Indications

胸腹胀闷疼痛，胃寒呕吐呃逆，肾虚气逆喘急。
Distention, oppression and pain in the chest and abdomen, vomiting and hiccup caused by stomach cold, wheezing caused by qi counterflow and kidney deficiency.

用量 Dosage

1～5g。
1-5 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

密闭，置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a well closed container, and store in a cool and dry place.