辛夷

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物望春花Magnolia biondii Pamp.、玉兰 Magnolia denudata Desr. 或武当玉兰 Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. 的干燥花蕾。冬末春初花未开放时采收，除去枝梗，阴干。
Magnolia Flower Bud is the dried flower bud of Magnolia biondii Pamp., Magnolia denudata Desr., or Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The drug is collected in late winter or early spring before the flower opens, removed from stem, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

望春花 Magnolia biondii Pamp.

呈长卵形，似毛笔头，长1.2～2.5 cm，直径0.8～1.5 cm。基部常具短梗，长约5 mm，梗上有类白色点状皮孔。苞片2～3层，每层2片，两层苞片间有小鳞芽，苞片外表面密被灰白色或灰绿色茸毛，内表面类棕色，无毛。花被片9，棕色，外轮花被片3，条形，约为内两轮长的1/4，呈萼片状，内两轮花被片6，每轮3，轮状排列。雄蕊和雌蕊多数，螺旋状排列。体轻，质脆。气芳香，味辛凉而稍苦。
Long-ovoid, resembling a brush head, 1.2-2.5 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter. Base often with short stalk, about 5 mm long, with white dot-like lenticels. Bracts 2-3 layers, 2 per layer, with small bud scales between two layers of bracts. Outer surface of bracts densely covered with grayish-white or grayish-green pubescence, inner surface brownish, glabrous. Perianth 9, brown, outer perianth 3, linear, about 1/4 as long as inner perianth, sepal-like, inner perianth 6, 3 per whorl, arranged in whorls. Stamens and pistils numerous, spirally arranged. Light in weight, brittle in texture. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent, cool, and slightly bitter.

玉兰 Magnolia denudata Desr.

长1.5～3 cm，直径1～1.5 cm。基部枝梗较粗壮,皮孔浅棕色。苞片外表面密被灰白色或灰绿色茸毛。花被片9，内外轮同型。
1.5-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Base of bracts relatively stout, lenticels light brown. Outer surface of bracts densely covered with grayish-white or grayish-green pubescence. Perianth 9, outer and inner perianth similar in shape.

武当玉兰 Magnolia sprengeri Pamp.

长2～4 cm，直径1～2 cm。基部枝梗粗壮，皮孔红棕色。苞片外表面密被淡黄色或淡黄绿色茸毛，有的最外层苞片茸毛已脱落而呈黑褐色。花被片10～12（15），内外轮无显著差异。
2-4 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter. Base of bracts stout, lenticels reddish-brown. Outer surface of bracts densely covered with light yellow or light yellow-green pubescence, some outermost bracts pubescence has fallen off and appears blackish-brown. Perianth 10-12 (15), no significant difference between outer and inner perianth.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰绿色或淡黄绿色。非腺毛甚多，散在，多碎断；完整者2～4细胞，亦有单细胞，壁厚4～13 μm，基部细胞短粗膨大，细胞壁极度增厚似石细胞。石细胞多成群，呈椭圆形、不规则形或分枝状，壁厚4～20 μm，孔沟不甚明显，胞腔中可见棕黄色分泌物。油细胞较多，类圆形，有的可见微小油滴。苞片表皮细胞扁方形，垂周壁连珠状。
(1) The powder of this product is grey-green or yellowish green. Non-glandular hairs are numerous, scattered and broken; the complete ones are 2-4 cells, and there are also single cells with wall thickness of 4-13 μm, the basal cells are short and thick, and the cell walls are extremely thickened like stone cells. The stone cells were mostly in groups, oval, irregular or branched, with a wall thickness of 4-20 μm, the pore grooves were not very obvious, and brownish-yellow secretion could be seen in the cytosol. The oil cells are more numerous, rounded, and some of them are visible as tiny oil droplets. Bract epidermal cells flattened square, pendant peripheral wall beaded.

（2）取本品粗粉1 g，加三氯甲烷10 ml，密塞，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烷2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取木兰脂素对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶H薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙醚（5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在90°C加热至斑点显色清晰。 供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的紫红色斑点。
(2) Take 1 g of crude powder of this product, add 10 ml of trichloromethane, tightly plugged, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 2 ml of trichloromethane to make dissolved, as a test solution. Take the control product of Magnolin, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per 1 ml, as the control solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 2 ~10 μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel H thin-layer plate, trichloromethane - ether (5:1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated at 90 ° C until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test product, the same purple-red spots are shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control product.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过18.0%（通则0832第五法）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <0832,method 5>.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.

本品含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil in this product shall not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).

木兰脂素 Magnolol

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of magnolol by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以辛基键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水（35：1：64）为流动相；检测波长为278 nm。理论板数按木兰脂素峰计算应不低于9000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-water (35:1:64) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 278 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of magnolol should not be less than 9000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取木兰脂素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含木兰脂素0.1 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of magnolol reference substance, accurately weigh, dissolve in methanol to obtain a solution containing 0.1 mg of magnolol per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉约1 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入乙酸乙酯20 ml，称定重量，浸泡30分钟，超声处理（功率250 W，频率33 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液3 ml，加在中性氧化铝柱（100～200目，2 g，内径为9 mm，湿法装柱，用乙酸乙酯5 ml预洗）上，用甲醇15 ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，置25 ml 量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1 g of the crude powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of ethyl acetate, weigh, soak for 30 minutes, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 33 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 3 ml of the filtrate, add it to a neutral alumina column (100-200 mesh, 2 g, inner diameter 9 mm, wet-packed column, pre-washed with 5 ml of ethyl acetate), elute with 15 ml of methanol, collect the eluate, place it in a 25 ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各4～10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 4-10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含木兰脂素（C23H28O7）不得少 于0.40%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of magnolol (C23H28O7) shall not be less than 0.40%.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

毒性 Toxicity

无。
None.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

散风寒，通鼻窍。
To dispel wind-cold and open nasal passages.

主治 Indications

用于风寒头痛，鼻塞流涕，鼻鼽，鼻渊。
Used for headache due to wind-cold, nasal congestion with runny nose, nasal obstruction, and rhinitis.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

包煎。外用适量。
Decocted in a packet. For external use, use an appropriate amount.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

辛夷

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物望春花Magnolia biondii Pamp.、玉兰 Magnolia denudata Desr.或武当玉兰 Magnolia sprengeri Pamp.的干燥花蕾。冬末春初花未开放时采收，除去枝梗，阴干。
Biond Magnolia Flower is the dried flower bud of Magnolia biondii Pamp., Magnolia denudata Desr., or Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The drug is collected in late winter and early spring before flowering, removed from branchlet, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

望春花 呈长卵形，似毛笔头，长1.2～2.5cm，直径0. 8～1.5cm。基部常具短梗，长约5mm，梗上有类白色点状皮孔。苞片2～3层，每层2片，两层苞片间有小鳞芽，苞片外表面密被灰白色或灰绿色茸毛，内表面类棕色，无毛。花被片9，棕色，外轮花被片3，条形，约为内两轮长的1/4，呈萼片状，内两轮花被片6，每轮3，轮状排列。雄蕊和雌蕊多数，螺旋状排列。体轻，质脆。气芳香，味辛凉而稍苦。
Flower of Magnolia biondii: Long ovoid, like the tip of a writing brush, 1.2-2.5 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter. Mostly the base with a pedicel, about 5 mm long, exhibiting whitish dotted lenticels. Bracts 2-3 layers, each layer 2 segments, bearing small scaly buds between 2 layers of bracts, outer surface of bract densely covered with greyish-white or greyish-green tomenta, inner surface brownish, glabrous. Perianth-segments 9, brownish, outer ones 3, stripe-shaped, about 1/4 in length of the inner ones, sepaloid, inner ones 6, arranged in 2 whorls of 3. Staments and pistils numerous, spirally arranged. Texture light and fragile. Odour, aromatic; taste, pungent, cool and slightly bitter.

玉兰 长1.5～3cm，直径1～1.5cm。基部枝梗较粗壮，皮孔浅棕色。苞片外表面密被灰白色或灰绿色茸毛。花被片9，内外轮同型。
Flower of Magnolia denudata: 1.5-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Base with a stouter pedicel, lenticels brownish. Outer surface of bract densely covered with greyish-white or greyish-green hairs. Perianth-segments 9, outer whorls and inner whorls homogeneous.

武当玉兰 长2～4cm，直径1～2cm。基部枝梗粗壮，皮孔红棕色。苞片外表面密被淡黄色或淡黄绿色茸毛，有的最外层苞片茸毛已脱落而呈黑褐色。花被片10～12（15），内外轮无显著差异。
Flower of Magnolia sprengeri: 2-4 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter. Pedicels stout, lenticels red-brown. Outer surface of bract densely covered with yellowish or yellowish-green tomenta, sometimes the outermost bracts appearing blackish brown after the hairs fallen off. Perianth-segments 10-12-15, less differentiated between the outer and inner whorls.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰绿色或淡黄绿色。非腺毛甚多，散在，多碎断；完整者2～4细胞，亦有单细胞，壁厚4～13μm，基部细胞短粗膨大，细胞壁极度增厚似石细胞。石细胞多成群，呈椭圆形、不规则形或分枝状，壁厚4～20μm，孔沟不甚明显，胞腔中可见棕黄色分泌物。油细胞较多，类圆形，有的可见微小油滴。苞片表皮细胞扁方形，垂周壁连珠状。
（2）取本品粗粉1g，加三氯甲烷10ml，密塞，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烷2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取木兰脂素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502） 试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶H薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙醚（5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在90℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的紫红色斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过18.0%（通则0832第五法）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <0832, method 5>.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
本品含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。

木兰脂素 Magnolin

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以辛基键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水（35：1：64）为流动相；检测波长为278nm。理论板数按木兰脂素峰计算应不低于9000。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛，温。归肺、胃经。
Warm; pungent. Lung and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

散风寒，通鼻窍。用于风寒头痛，鼻塞流涕，鼻鼽，鼻渊。
To disperse wind-cold and relieve the stuffy nose. Used for wind-cold headache, stuffy and runny nose, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

3～10g，包煎。外用适量。
3-10 g, wrap-boiling. Appropriate amount for topical application.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.