鳖甲

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鳖科动物鳖Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann的背甲。全年均可捕捉，以秋、冬二季为多，捕捉后杀死，置沸水中烫至背甲上的硬皮能剥落时，取出，剥取背甲，除去残肉，晒干。
Trionyx Carapace is the carapace of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann (Fam. Trionychidae). It can be collected all year round, but mostly in autumn and winter. After being caught, it is killed and scalded in boiling water until the hard skin on the carapace can be peeled off. Then, it is taken out, the carapace is peeled off, the remaining flesh is removed, and it is dried.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或卵圆形，背面隆起，长10～15cm，宽9～14cm。外表面黑褐色或墨绿色，略有光泽，具细网状皱纹和灰黄色或灰白色斑点，中间有一条纵棱，两侧各有左右对称的横凹纹8条，外皮脱落后，可见锯齿状嵌接缝。内表面类白色，中部有突起的脊椎骨，颈骨向内卷曲，两侧各有肋骨8条，伸出边缘。质坚硬。气微腥，味淡。
The carapace is elliptical or ovate, convex on the back, 10-15 cm long and 9-14 cm wide. The outer surface is blackish-brown or dark green, slightly shiny, with fine reticulate wrinkles and grayish-yellow or grayish-white spots. There is a longitudinal ridge in the middle, and there are 8 symmetrical transverse grooves on each side. After the outer skin is shed, sawtooth-shaped sutures can be seen. The inner surface is whitish, with prominent vertebral bones in the middle, the neck bones curl inward, and there are 8 rib bones on each side extending to the edge. It is hard in texture. It has a slight fishy odor and a mild taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸岀物测定法(通则2201)项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 5.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

鳖甲 Soft-shelled Turtle Shell

炮制 Processing

置蒸锅内，沸水蒸45分钟，取出，放入热水中，立即用硬刷除去皮肉，洗净，干燥。
Place it in a steamer, steam with boiling water for 45 minutes, take it out, put it in hot water, immediately remove the skin and flesh with a hard brush, wash it, and dry it.

醋鳖甲 Vinegar-processed Soft-shelled Turtle Shell

炮制 Processing

取净鳖甲，照烫法(通则0213)用砂烫至表面淡黄色，取出，醋淬，干燥。用时捣碎。
Take the clean soft-shelled turtle shell, use the sand scalding method (method 0213) to scald it until the surface is light yellow, take it out, quench it with vinegar, and dry it. Crush it when using.

每100kg鳖甲，用醋20kg。
For every 100 kg of soft-shelled turtle shell, use 20 kg of vinegar.

性 Property

微寒。
slightly cold.

味 Flavor

咸。
Salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

滋阴潜阳，退热除蒸，软坚散结。
Nourish yin and subdue yang, relieve fever and eliminate steaming, soften hardness and disperse masses.

主治 Indications

用于阴虚发热，骨蒸劳热，阴虚阳亢，头晕目眩，虚风内动，手足瘈疭，经闭，癥瘕，久疟疟母。
Used for yin deficiency fever, bone-steaming and consumptive fever, yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, dizziness and blurred vision, internal movement of deficient wind, carbuncles and ulcers on the hands and feet, amenorrhea, lumps and accumulations, and chronic malaria.

用量 Dosage

9～24 g。
9-24 g.

用法 Administration

先煎。
Decoct first.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect against moth.

鳖甲

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鳖科动物鳖Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann的背甲。全年均可捕捉，以秋、冬二季为多，捕捉后杀死，置沸水中烫至背甲上的硬皮能剥落时，取出，剥取背甲，除去残肉，晒干。
Turtle Carapace is the carapace of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann (Fam. Trionychidae). The animal is collected all the year round, but mostly in autumn or winter, killed, scalded by boiling water until the hard skin of the carapace can be peeled off, taken out. The drug is collected, removed from the remaining muscles, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或卵圆形，背面隆起，长10～15cm，宽9～14cm。外表面黑褐色或墨绿色，略有光泽，具细网状皱纹和灰黄色或灰白色斑点，中间有一条纵棱，两侧各有左右对称的横凹纹8条，外皮脱落后，可见锯齿状嵌接缝。内表面类白色，中部有突起的脊椎骨，颈骨向内卷曲，两侧各有肋骨8条，伸出边缘。质坚硬。气微腥，味淡。
Elliptic or oval, dorsal surface convex, 10-15 cm long, 9-14 cm wide. The outer surface blackish-borwn or dark green, somewhat lustrous, with fine reticular wrinkles and greyish-yellow or greyish-white spots, longitudinal ridge in the middle, eight transverse concave strips arranged symmetrically on each side of the ridge. Serrated sutures observable when the outer skin peeled off. Inner surface whitish, projecting vertebrae in the middle, the cervical vertebrae curved inward, 8 ribs arranged on each side of the vertebrae, stretched out of the margin. Texture hard. Odour, slightly stinking； taste, weak.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 5.0 per cent.##饮片 | Prepared slices

鳖甲 Trionycis Carapax

炮制 Processing

置蒸锅内，沸水蒸45分钟，取出，放入热水中，立即用硬刷除去皮肉，洗净，干燥。
Steam in a pan for 45 minutes.Take out and put in hot water, remove skin and muscle by a hard-brush immediately, wash clean and dry.

醋鳖甲 Trionycisa Carapax (processed-with vinegar)

取净鳖甲，照烫法（通则0213）用砂烫至表面淡黄色，取出，醋淬，干燥。用时捣碎。
Scald clean Trionycis Carapax with sand as described under the method for scalding <0213>, until the surface becomes yellowish. Take out, temper with vinegar, and dry. Break to pieces before use.

每100kg鳖甲，用醋20kg。
Using 20 kg of vinegar per 100 kg of Trionycis Carapax.

性 Property

微寒。
Mild cold.

味 Flavor

咸。
Salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

滋阴潜阳，退热除蒸，软坚散结。
To nourish yin, subdue yang, abate heat, relieve steaming, soften hardness and dissipate bind.

主治 Indications

用于阴虚发热，骨蒸劳热，阴虚阳亢，头晕目眩，虚风内动，手足瘈疭，经闭，癥瘕，久疟疟母。
Yin deficiency fever, steaming bone and consumptive fever, yin deficiency, yang hyperactivity, dizziness, vertigo, internal stirring of defiency wind, extremities convulsions, amenorrhea, abdominal masses, chronic malaria and malarial nodule.

用量 Dosage

9～24g，先煎。
9-24 g. It should be decocted first.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.