余甘子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系藏族习用药材。为大戟科植物余甘子Phyllanthus emblica L.的干燥成熟果实。冬季至次春果实成熟时采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Phyllanthus Fruit is the dried mature fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae). The drug is collected in winter to early spring when the fruit is ripe, removed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈球形或扁球形，直径1.2～2cm。表面棕褐色或墨绿色，有浅黄色颗粒状突起，具皱纹及不明显的6棱，果梗长约1mm。外果皮厚1~4mm，质硬而脆。内果皮黄白色，硬核样，表面略具6棱，背缝线的偏上部有数条筋脉纹，干后可裂成6瓣，种子6，近三棱形，棕色。气微，味酸涩，回甜。
Phyllanthus Fruit is spherical or oblate, measuring 1.2-2 cm in diameter. The surface is brownish-brown or dark green, with shallow yellowish granular projections, wrinkles, and indistinct 6 ridges. The fruit stalk is about 1 mm long. The outer pericarp is 1-4 mm thick, hard and brittle. The inner pericarp is yellowish-white, hard and stony, with slightly 6 ridges on the surface and several vascular lines on the upper part of the dorsal suture. After drying, it can split into 6 segments. There are 6 seeds, nearly triangular, and brown. It has a slight odor, sour and astringent taste, and a sweet aftertaste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕黄色。外果皮表皮细胞呈不规则多角形或类方形，壁厚。种皮栅栏细胞表面观呈多角形， 断面观呈类长方形，排列紧密，直径53～96μm，壁极厚，孔沟细密，胞腔明显。纤维单个散在或数个成群，长条形，直径 12～29μm，两端多圆钝，壁厚而木化，有的胞腔内含黄棕色物。石细胞圆三角形或不规则形，直径17～75μm，壁厚，孔沟明显。草酸钙簇晶直径7～66μm，并可见草酸钙方晶。
（1）The powder of this product is light brownish-yellow. The epidermal cells of the outer pericarp are irregularly polygonal or square, with thick walls. The palisade cells of the seed coat are polygonal on the surface and rectangular in cross-section, arranged closely, with a diameter of 53-96μm, extremely thick walls, dense pits, and obvious cell cavities. The fibers are single or in groups, elongated, with a diameter of 12-29μm, and both ends are mostly rounded and blunt, with thick and lignified walls, and some cell cavities contain yellowish-brown substances. The stone cells are circular triangular or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 17-75μm, thick walls, and obvious pits. The cluster crystals of calcium oxalate have a diameter of 7-66μm, and calcium oxalate square crystals can also be seen.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯30ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试 品溶液。另取余甘子对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各 2～4μ1，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸（9：9 ：3：0. 2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，热风吹至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯 （365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）Take 0.5g of the powder, add 20ml of ethanol, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 20ml of water, extract with 30ml of ethyl acetate, take the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5g of the reference drug Yuganzi, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid (9:9:3:0.2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-4μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat with hot air until the spots are clearly colored. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.## 检查 | Examination

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, not less than 30.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液（5：95）为流动相；检测波长为273nm。理论板数按没食子酸峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (5:95) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 273nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of gallic acid should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取没食子酸对照品适量，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1ml含25μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of gallic acid reference substance, accurately weigh, add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 25μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50% methanol 50ml, weigh, heat reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液 5～10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of the reference solution and 5-10μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含没食子酸（C7H6O5）不得少于 1.2%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of gallic acid (C7H6O5) should not be less than 1.2%.

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

味 Flavor

甘、酸、涩。
Sweet, sour and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清热凉血，消食健胃，生津止咳。
Clear heat and cool blood, promote digestion and invigorate the stomach, generate body fluids and stop coughing.

主治 Indications

用于血热血瘀，消化不良，腹胀，咳嗽，喉痛，口干。
Used for blood heat and blood stasis, indigestion, abdominal distension, cough, sore throat, and dry mouth.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

多入丸散服。
Taken in pill or powder form.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

余甘子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系藏族习用药材。为大戟科植物余甘子Phyllanthus emblica L.的干燥成熟果实。冬季至次春果实成熟时采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Emblic Leafflower Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae), used commonly by Tibetan nationality. The drug is collected in winter to next spring when ripe, removed from foreign matter, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈球形或扁球形，直径1.2～2cm。表面棕褐色或墨绿色，有浅黄色颗粒状突起，具皱纹及不明显的6棱，果梗长约1mm。外果皮厚1～4mm，质硬而脆。内果皮黄白色，硬核样，表面略具6棱，背缝线的偏上部有数条筋脉纹，干后可裂成6瓣，种子6，近三棱形，棕色。气微，味酸涩，回甜。
Spheroidal or flattened-spheroidal, 1.2-2 cm in diameter. Externally brown to dark green, with pale yellow granular prominences, wrinkles and 6 indistinct ribs. Fruit stalk about 1 mm long. Exocarp 1-4 mm thick. Texture hard and fragile. Endocarp yellowish-white, hard kernel-like, showing 6 indistinct ribs on the surface and several vascular bundles at the upper part of dorsal suture, cracking to 6 valves after dried. Seeds 6, subtriquetrous, brown. Odour, slight; taste, sour, astringent and then sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡棕黄色。外果皮表皮细胞呈不规则多角形或类方形，壁厚。种皮栅栏细胞表面观呈多角形，断面观呈类长方形，排列紧密，直径53～96μm ，壁极厚，孔沟细密，胞腔明显。纤维单个散在或数个成群，长条形，直径12～29μm ，两端多圆钝，壁厚而木化，有的胞腔内含黄棕色物。石细胞圆三角形或不规则形，直径17～75μm ，壁厚，孔沟明显。草酸钙簇晶直径7～66μm ，并可见草酸钙方晶。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯30ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取余甘子对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸（9：9：3：0.2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，热风吹至斑点显色清哳，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0% （通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the cold maceration method as described under the determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, not less than 30.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液（5：95）为流动相；检测波长为273nm。理论板数按没食子酸峰计算应不低于2000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.2% phosphoric acid solution (5:95) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 273 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 2000, calculated with reference to the peak of gallic acid.

对照品溶液的制备 取没食子酸对照品适量，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1ml含25μg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution: Weigh accurately a quantity of gallic acid CRS, dissolve in 50% methanol to produce a solution containing 25 μl per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution: Weigh accurately 0.1 g of the powder (through No.3 sieve) in a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 50 ml of 10% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, allow to cool, weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with 50% methanol, mix well, filter, and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μ1与供试品溶液5～10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure: Inject accurately 10 μl of the reference solution and 5-10 μl of the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含没食子酸（C7H6O5） 不得少于1.2%。
It contains not less than 1.2 per cent of gallic acid (C7H6O5), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、酸、涩，凉。归肺、胃经。
Cool; sweet, sour and astringent. Lung and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

清热凉血，消食健胃，生津止咳。用于血热血瘀，消化不良，腹胀，咳嗽，喉痛，口干。
To clear heat, cool the blood, promote digestion, invigorate the stomach, engender fluid, suppress cough. Blood heat, blood stasis, dyspepsia, abdominal distension, cough, sore throat, and dry mouth.

用法与用置 Administration and Dosage

3～9g，多入丸散服。
3-9 g, usually used in pills or powder.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a dry and cool place.