连翘

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspensa（Thunb.）Vahl的干燥果实。秋季果实初熟尚带绿色时采收，除去杂质，蒸熟，晒干，习称“青翘”；果实熟透时采收，晒干，除去杂质，习称“老翘”。
Forsythia Fruit is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (Fam. Oleaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is initially ripe and still green, removed from impurities, steamed until cooked, and dried in the sun, known as "Qingqiao"; or collected when the fruit is fully ripe, dried, and removed from impurities, known as "Laoqiao".

性状 Description

本品呈长卵形至卵形，稍扁，长1.5～2.5cm，直径0.5～1.3cm。表面有不规则的纵皱纹和多数突起的小斑点，两面各有1条明显的纵沟。顶端锐尖，基部有小果梗或已脱落。青翘多不开裂，表面绿褐色，突起的灰白色小斑点较少；质硬，种子多数，黄绿色，细长，一侧有翅。老翘自顶端开裂或裂成两瓣，表面黄棕色或红棕色，内表面多为浅黄棕色，平滑，具一纵隔；质脆；种子棕色，多已脱落。气微香，味苦。
The fruit is oblong to ovoid, slightly flattened, measuring 1.5-2.5 cm long and 0.5-1.3 cm in diameter. The surface is irregularly wrinkled with numerous small raised spots, and each side has a distinct longitudinal groove. The apex is acute, and the base has a small fruit stalk or has fallen off. Qingqiao fruit is mostly unsplit, with a greenish-brown surface and fewer grayish-white raised spots. The texture is hard, and there are many slender yellow-green seeds with wings on one side. Laoqiao fruit splits from the apex into two lobes, with a yellowish-brown or reddish-brown surface and a light yellowish-brown inner surface. It is smooth and has a longitudinal septum. The texture is brittle, and many seeds have fallen off. It has a slight fragrance and a bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品果皮横切面：外果皮为1列扁平细胞，外壁及侧壁增厚，被角质层。中果皮外侧薄壁组织中散有维管束；中果皮内侧为多列石细胞，长条形、类圆形或长圆形，壁厚薄不一，多切向镶嵌状排列。内果皮为1列薄壁细胞。
(1) Transverse section of the fruit peel: The outer fruit peel consists of a single layer of flattened cells with thickened outer and lateral walls and a cuticle layer. The outer side of the middle fruit peel contains scattered vascular bundles in the thin-walled tissue; the inner side of the middle fruit peel consists of multiple rows of stone cells, which are elongated, round, or elongated in shape, with varying thickness of the walls and arranged in a tangential mosaic pattern. The inner fruit peel consists of a single layer of thin-walled cells.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（30～60°C）20ml，密塞，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液回收溶剂至干，残渣加乙醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取连翘对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（15 : 10 ：0.25）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光及紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，日光下显相同颜色的斑点，紫外光下显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 1g of the powder, add 20ml of petroleum ether (30-60°C), seal tightly, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5ml of ethanol as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug, Forsythia Fruit, and prepare a reference drug solution using the same method. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> by applying 3μl of each of the above two solutions to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, using a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate-formic acid (15:10:0.25) as the mobile phase. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and color to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

青翘不得过3%；老翘不得过9%（通则 2301）。
Not more than 3% for Qingqiao; not more than 9% for Laoqiao <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0% <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0% <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用65%乙醇作溶剂，青翘不得少于30.0%；老翘不得少于16.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the cold maceration method, using 65% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 30.0% for Qingqiao; not less than 16.0% for Laoqiao.

含量测定 Assay

挥发油 Volatile oil

照挥发油测定法（通则2204甲法）测定。
The method for determination of volatile oil <2204, method A> is used to determine the content of volatile oil.

本品青翘含挥发油不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil in Qingqiao should not be less than 2.0% (ml/g).

连翘苷 Forsythoside

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
The method for high-performance liquid chromatography <0512> is used to determine the content of forsythoside.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相；检测波长为277nm。 理论板数按连翘苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (25:75) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 277nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the forsythoside peak should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of the reference solution

取连翘苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of forsythoside reference substance, accurately weigh, and dissolve in methanol to obtain a solution containing 0.2mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of the test solution

取本品粉末（过五号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W,频率40kHz）25分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液10ml，置 25ml量瓶中，加水稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 2g of the powder (passed through a No. 5 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of methanol, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 25 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 10ml of the filtrate, place it in a 25ml volumetric flask, dilute with water to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate to obtain the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely aspirate 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含连翘苷（C27H34O11）不得少于0.15%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of forsythoside (C27H34O11) should not be less than 0.15%.

连翘酯苷A Forsythin A

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
The method for high-performance liquid chromatography <0512> is used to determine the content of forsythin A.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.4%冰醋酸溶液（15 : 85）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按连翘酯苷A峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.4% acetic acid solution (15:85) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 330nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the forsythin A peak should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of the reference solution

取连翘酯苷A对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得（临用配制）。
Take an appropriate amount of forsythin A reference substance, accurately weigh, and dissolve in methanol to obtain a solution containing 0.1mg per ml (prepared for immediate use).

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of the test solution

取本品粉末（过五号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇15ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液,即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder (passed through a No. 5 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 15ml of 70% methanol, seal tightly, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 70% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate to obtain the test solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely aspirate 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，青翘含连翘酯苷A（C29H36O15）不得少于3.5%；老翘含连翘酯苷A（C29H36O15）不得少于0.25%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of forsythin A (C29H36O15) in Qingqiao should not be less than 3.5%; the content of forsythin A (C29H36O15) in Laoqiao should not be less than 0.25%.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心、小肠经。
Enter the lung, heart, and small intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，消肿散结，疏散风热。
To clear heat and detoxify, reduce swelling and dissipate nodules, and disperse wind-heat.

主治 Indications

用于痈疽，瘰疬，乳痈，丹毒，风热感冒，温病初起，温热入营，高热烦渴，神昏发斑，热淋涩痛。
Used for carbuncles, scrofula, breast abscess, erysipelas, wind-heat common cold, early-stage warm diseases, warm-heat entering the nutrient vessels, high fever with restlessness and thirst, delirium and macula, and hot painful urinary dysfunction.

用量 Dosage

6～15g。
6-15g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

连翘

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspensa（Thunb.）Vahl的干燥果实。秋季果实初熟尚带绿色时采收，除去杂质，蒸熟，晒干，习称“青翘”；果实熟透时采收，晒干，除去杂质，习称“老翘”。
Weeping Forsythia Capsule is the dried fruit of Forsthia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (Fam. Oleaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when nearly ripe and still greenish, removed from foreign matter, steamed thoroughly and dried in the sun (known as "Qingqiao"); or the drug is collected when fully ripe, dried, and removed from foreign matter (known as "Laoqiao").

性状 Description

本品呈长卵形至卵形，稍扁，长1.5～2.5cm，直径0.5～1.3cm。表面有不规则的纵皱纹和多数突起的小斑点，两面各有1条明显的纵沟。顶端锐尖，基部有小果梗或已脱落。青翘多不开裂，表面绿褐色，突起的灰白色小斑点较少；质硬；种子多数，黄绿色，细长，一侧有翅。老翘自顶端开裂或裂成两瓣，表面黄棕色或红棕色，内表面多为浅黄棕色，平滑，具一纵隔；质脆；种子棕色，多已脱落。气微香，味苦。
Long ovoid to ovoid, slightly compressed, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1.3 cm in diameter. Externally with irregular longitudinal wrinkles, numerous raised small maculates, and a longitudinal furrow on each of the two surfaces. Apex acute, bearing a small fruit stalk or its scar at the base. "Qingqiao" mostly indehiscent, externally greenish-brown, with fewer small greyish-white maculates, texture hard; seeds numerous, yellowish-green, slender, winged on one side. "Laoqiao" dehiscent from apex or to two segments, outer surface yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, inner surface mostly pale yellowish-brown, smooth, with a longitudinal septum. Texture brittle; seeds brown, mostly fallen off. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品果皮横切面：外果皮为1列扁平细胞，外壁及侧壁增厚，被角质层。中果皮外侧薄壁组织中散有维管束；中果皮内侧为多列石细胞，长条形、类圆形或长圆形，壁厚薄不一，多切向镶嵌状排列。内果皮为1列薄壁细胞。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（30～60℃）20ml，密塞，超声处理15分钟，滤过，弃去石油醚液，残渣挥干石油醚，加甲醇20ml，密塞，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取连翘对照药材1g，同法制成对照葯材溶液。再取连翘苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.25mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（8：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

青翘不得过3%；老翘不得过9%（通则 2301）。
Not more than 3 per cent for green Fructus Forsythiae (known as "Qingqiao"), not more than 9 percent for brown Fructus Forsythiae (Known as "Laoqiao")<2301>.

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent<0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent<2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用65%乙醇作溶剂，青翘不得少于30.0%；老翘不得少于16.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the cold maceration method>, using 65% ethanol as the solvent; not less than 30.0 per cent for green Fructose Forsythiae (known as "Qingqiao"); not less than 16.0 per cent for brown Fructus Forsythiae (known as "Laoqiao").

含量测定 Assay

连翘苷 Forsythin

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Forsythin Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相；检测波长为277nm。理论板数按连翘苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octa-dclsiane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile-water(25:75) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 277 nm. The number of theoretic plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with the reference to the peak of forsythin.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取连翘苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含O.2mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Weigh accurately forsythin CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2 mg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过五号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇15ml，称定重量，浸渍过夜，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）25分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液5ml，蒸至近干，加中性氧化铝0.5g拌匀，加在中性氧化铝柱（100～120目，1g，内径为1～1.5cm）上，用70%乙醇80ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，浓缩至干，残渣用50%甲醇溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 1 g of the powder(through No.5 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 15 ml of methanol and weigh. Allow to stand overnight, ultrasonicate(power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 25 minutes, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with methanol, mix well and filter. Measure accurately 5 ml of the successive filtrate, evaporate to nearly dryness, mix with 0.5 g of neutral aluminum oxygen and then transfer to a column of neutral aluminum oxide(1 g, 100-120 mesh, 1-1.5 cm I. D.), elute with 80 ml of 70% ethanol. Collect the eluent, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue with 50% methanol in a 5 ml volumetric flask and add 50% methanol to volume, mix well, filter and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 pl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含连翘苷（C27H34O11）不得少于 0.15%。
It contains not less 0.15 per cent of forsythin(C27H34O11) with reference to the dried drug.

连翘酯苷A Forsythoside A

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Forsythoside A Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.4%冰醋酸溶液（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按连翘酯苷A峰计算应不低 于5000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.4% glacial acetic acid solution (15: 85) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 330 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 5000, calculated with the reference to the peak of forsythoside A.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取连翘酯苷A对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得（临用配制）。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of forsythoside A CRS in methanol, accurately weighed, to produce a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml as the reference solution (prepared before use).

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过五号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇15ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder (through No.5 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, add 15 ml of 70% methanol, tightly stopper and weigh, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool and weigh again, make up the loss of weight with 70% methanol, mix well and filter, use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 p of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含连翘酯苷A（C29H36O15）不得少于0.25%。
It contains not less than 0.25 per cent of forsythoside A(C29H36O15), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦，微寒。归肺、心、小肠经。
Mild cold; bitter. Meridian tropism: Lung, heart, and small intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

清热解毒，消肿散结，疏散风热。用于痈疽，瘰疬，乳痈，丹毒，风热感冒，温病初起，温热入营，高热烦渴，神昏发斑，热淋涩痛。
To clear heat, remove toxin, disperse swelling, dissipate binds, and disperse wind-heat. Indicated for abscesses, cellulitis, scrofula, acute mastitis, erysipelas, common cold caused by wind heat, initial period of warm diseases, warm-heat entering nutrient aspect, high fever with vexation and thirst, loss of consciousness, macula, and heat strangury with pain.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～15g。
6-15g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.