杠板归

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蓼科植物杠板归Polygonum perfoliatum L.的干燥地上部分。夏季开花时采割，晒干。
Polygonum Perfoliatum Herb is the dried aerial part of Polygonum perfoliatum L. (Fam. Polygonaceae). The drug is collected in summer at flowering, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品茎略呈方柱形，有棱角，多分枝，直径可达0.2cm；表面紫红色或紫棕色，棱角上有倒生钩刺，节略膨大，节间长2～6cm,断面纤维性，黄白色，有髓或中空。叶互生， 有长柄，盾状着生；叶片多皱缩，展平后呈近等边三角形，灰绿 色至红棕色，下表面叶脉和叶柄均有倒生钩刺；托叶鞘包于茎节上或脱落。短穗状花序顶生或生于上部叶腋，苞片圆形，花小，多萎缩或脱落。气微，茎味淡，叶味酸。
Stems slightly quadrangular, with angles, branched, up to 0.2 cm in diameter; surface purple-red or purple-brown, angles with retrorse hooks, nodes slightly swollen, internodes 2-6 cm long, fracture fibrous, yellowish-white, with pith or hollow. Leaves alternate, with long petioles, shield-shaped, adnate; leaf blades crumpled, triangular when flattened, grayish-green to reddish-brown, lower surface with retrorse hooks on veins and petioles; stipule sheaths enveloping nodes or deciduous. Short spike-like inflorescences terminal or axillary in upper leaf axils; bracts orbicular, flowers small, mostly withered or fallen. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮为1列细胞。皮层薄， 为3～5列细胞。中柱鞘纤维束连续成环，细胞壁厚，木化。 韧皮部老茎具韧皮纤维，壁厚，木化。形成层明显。木质部导管大,单个或3～5个成群。髓部细胞大，有时成空腔。老茎在皮层、韧皮部、射线及髓部可见多数草酸钙簇晶，嫩茎则少见或无。老茎的表皮和皮层细胞含红棕色物。
(1) Transverse section of stem: Epidermal cells in 1 row; cortex thin, composed of 3-5 rows of cells; continuous ring of fibrovascular bundles in medullary sheath, with thickened and lignified walls; secondary phloem of old stem with fibres, thickened and lignified walls; cambium distinct; xylem with large vessels, solitary or in groups of 3-5; pith cells large, sometimes forming cavities. Numerous clusters of calcium oxalate crystals in epidermal and cortical cells, rays, and pith cells of old stem, but few or absent in young stem. Epidermal and cortical cells of old stem containing reddish-brown substances.

叶表面观：上表皮细胞不规则多角形，垂周壁近平直或 微弯曲。下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲；气孔不等式。主脉和叶缘疏生由多列斜方形或长方形细胞组成的钩状刺。叶肉细胞含草酸钙簇晶，直径17～62μm。
Leaf surface: Epidermal cells of upper surface irregularly polygonal, anticlinal walls nearly straight or slightly curved. Epidermal cells of lower surface with wavy anticlinal walls; stomata anisocytic. Hooks composed of several rows of oblong or rectangular cells sparsely distributed on main veins and leaf margin. Parenchyma cells containing calcium oxalate crystals, diameter 17-62 μm.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加石油醚（60～90°C）50ml，超声处理 30分钟，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干溶剂，加热水25ml，置 80°C水浴上热浸30分钟，不时振摇，取出，趁热滤过，滤液加稀盐酸1滴，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次30ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取咖啡酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶 液5～10μl、对照品溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5 : 3 : 1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) To 2 g of the powder add 50 ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, discard the petroleum ether, dry the residue, add 25 ml of hot water, heat under reflux on a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes with occasional shaking, remove, filter while hot, add 1 drop of dilute hydrochloric acid to the filtrate, extract with two 30-ml portions of ethyl acetate, combine the ethyl acetate extracts, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of caffeic acid CRS in methanol to contain 0.5 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (5:3:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的 热浸法测定，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液（50 : 50）为流动相；检测波长为360nm。理论板数按槲皮素峰计算应不低于3000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution (50:50) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength, 360 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of quercetin should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 取槲皮素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含30μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution: Weigh accurately an appropriate amount of quercetin reference substance, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 30 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.7g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇-盐酸（4 ：1）混合溶液 50ml，称定重量，置90°C水浴中加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution: Weigh accurately about 0.7 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve), place in a conical flask with a stopper, accurately add a mixture of methanol and hydrochloric acid (4:1) 50 ml, weigh accurately, heat under reflux in a water bath at 90°C for 1 hour, cool, weigh accurately again, make up the loss in weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各 10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Method: Accurately suck 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含槲皮素（C15 H10O7）不得少于 0. 15%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of quercetin (C15H10O7) should not be less than 0.15%.

饮片 Prepared slices

杠板归 Polygonum Perfoliatum

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略洗，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash briefly, cut into sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段，其余同药材。
The product is in irregular segments, the rest is the same as the herb.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

酸。
Sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、膀胱经。
Lung and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，利水消肿，止咳。
To clear heat and detoxify, promote diuresis and reduce edema, and stop coughing.

主治 Indications

用于咽喉肿痛，肺热咳嗽，小儿顿咳，水肿尿少，湿热泻痢，湿疹，疖肿，蛇虫咬伤。
Used for sore throat, cough due to lung heat, infantile convulsive cough, edema with reduced urine output, damp-heat diarrhea, eczema, carbuncle and swelling, snake and insect bites.

用量 Dosage

15～30g。
15-30 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，煎汤熏洗。
For external use, appropriate amount, decoct and fumigate.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

杠板归

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蓼科植物杠板归Polygonumperfoliatum L.的干燥地上部分。夏季开花时采割，晒干。
Polygonum Herb is the dried aerial part of Polygonum perfoliatum L. (Fam. Polygonaceae). The drug is collected at flowering in summer, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品茎略呈方柱形，有棱角，多分枝，直径可达0.2cm；表面紫红色或紫棕色，棱角上有倒生钩刺，节略膨大，节间长2～6cm，断面纤维性，黄白色，有髓或中空。叶互生，有长柄，盾状着生；叶片多皱缩，展平后呈近等边三角形，灰绿色至红棕色，下表面叶脉和叶柄均有倒生钩刺；托叶鞘包于茎节上或脱落。短穗状花序顶生或生于上部叶腋，苞片圆形，花小，多萎缩或脱落。气微，茎味淡，叶味酸。
Stems slightly square, with ridges, mostly branched, up to 0.2 cm in diameter; externally purplish-red or purplish-brown, bearing reversed hooks on the ridges, nodes slightly swollen, internodes 2-6 cm long, fracture fibrous, yellowish-white, medullated or hollowed. Leaves alternate, long petioled, peltate; lamina mostly crumpled, when whole, subequilateral triangle-shaped, greyish-green to reddish-brown, veins on the lower surface and petiole bearing reversed hooks; stipulate sheaths tightly sarrounding the nodes or fallen off. Spikes short, acrogenous or axillary at the upper part, bracts rounded, flowers small, mostly withered or fallen off Odour, slight; taste, weak for stem, and sour for leaf.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮为1列细胞。皮层薄，为3～5列细胞。中柱鞘纤维束连续成环，细胞壁厚，木化。韧皮部老茎具韧皮纤维，壁厚，木化。形成层明显。木质部导管大，单个或3～5个成群。髓部细胞大，有时成空腔。老茎皮层、韧皮部、射线及髓部可见多数草酸钙簇晶，嫩茎则少见或无。老茎的表皮和皮层细胞含红棕色物。
叶表面观：上表皮细胞不规则多角形，垂周壁近平直或微弯曲。下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲；气孔不等式。主脉和叶缘疏生由多列斜方形或长方形细胞组成的钩状剌。叶肉细胞含草酸钙簇晶，直径17～62μm。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于15.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 15.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.