芡实

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox Salisb.的干燥成熟种仁。秋末冬初采收成熟果实，除去果皮，取出种子，洗净，再除去硬壳（外种皮），晒干。
Euryale Seed is the dried mature seed of Euryale ferox Salisb. (Fam. Nymphaeaceae). The fruit is collected in late autumn or early winter when it is ripe, the pericarp is removed, the seeds are taken out, washed, and then the hard shell (outer seed coat) is removed, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈类球形，多为破粒，完整者直径5～8mm。表面有棕红色或红褐色内种皮，一端黄白色，约占全体1/3，有凹点状的种脐痕，除去内种皮显白色。质较硬，断面白色，粉性。气微，味淡。
Seeds are nearly spherical, mostly broken, and intact ones are 5-8 mm in diameter. The surface is reddish-brown or reddish-brown inner seed coat, one end is yellowish-white, accounting for about 1/3 of the whole, with a concave point-shaped hilum, and the white color is revealed after removing the inner seed coat. The texture is relatively hard, the section is white, and the powder is fine. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色。主为淀粉粒，单粒类圆形，直径1～4μm，大粒脐点隐约可见；复粒多数由百余分粒组成，类球形，直径13～35μm，少数由2～3分粒组成。
(1) The powder of this product is white. The main component is starch granules, which are mostly single granules with a round shape and a diameter of 1-4μm. The large granules have a faintly visible hilum; most of the compound granules are composed of more than one hundred granules, which are spherical and have a diameter of 13-35μm, and a few are composed of 2-3 granules.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加二氯甲烷30ml，超声处理15分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取芡实对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-丙酮（5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 2g of the powder, add 30ml of methylene chloride, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take another 2g of the reference drug Euryale Seed, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane and acetone (5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过1.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 1.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 8.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

芡实 Euryale Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate Foreign matter.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

麸炒芡实 Bran Fried Gorgon

炮制 Processing

取净灰实，照蚨炒法（通则02 13) 炒至微黄色。
Take the net gray, according to the method of stir-frying ( general rule 02 13 ) stir-frying to slightly yellow.

性状 Description

本品形如荧实，表面黄色或微黄色。味淡、微酸。
This product is as fluorescent, yellow or slightly yellow on the surface. Taste light, slightly sour.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 10.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（2）同药材
(2) Same medicinal materials

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、涩。
Sweet and astringent in flavor.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、肾经。
It enters the spleen and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

益肾固精，补脾止泻，除湿止带。
It tonifies the kidney and consolidates essence, strengthens the spleen and stops diarrhea, eliminates dampness and stops leukorrhea.

主治 Indications

用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，脾虚久泻，白浊，带下。
It is used for spermatorrhea, frequent urination, long-term diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, turbid leukorrhea, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.

芡实

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox Salisb.的干燥成熟种仁。秋末冬初采收成熟果实，除去果皮，取出种子，洗净，再除去硬壳（外种皮），晒干。
Gordon Euryale Seed is the dried kernel of ripe seed of Euryale ferox Salisb. (Fam. Nymphaeaceae). The ripe fruit is collected in late autumn and early winter, peeled, and the seed is taken out, washed clean, removed from hard shell testa, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈类球形，多为破粒，完整者直径5～8mm。表面有棕红色或红褐色内种皮，一端黄白色，约占全体1/3，有凹点状的种脐痕，除去内种皮显白色。质较硬，断面白色，粉性。气微，味淡。
Subspherical, mostly broken, the whole one, 5-8 mm in diameter; surface showing brownish-red or reddish-brown tegmen, one end yellowish-white, about 1/3 in size of the whole kernel, with a depressed dotted scar of hilum, white on removal of tegmen. Texture relatively hard, fracture white, starchy. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色。 主为淀粉粒，单粒类圆形，直径1～4μm ，大粒脐点隐约可见；复粒多数由百余分粒组成，类球形，直径13～35μm ，少数由2～3分粒组成。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加二氯甲烷30ml，超声处理15分钟， 滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取芡实对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-丙酮（5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上， 显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过1.0% （通则2302）。
Not more than 1.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

芡实 Gordon Euryale Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate foreign matter.

性状 Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

麸炒芡实 Euryales Semen (stir-baked with bran)

取净芡实，照麸炒法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Stir-bake the clean Semen Euryales as described under the method for stir-baking with bran <0213> to pale yellow.

本品形如芡实，表面黄色或微黄色。味淡、微酸。
The shape similar to Euryales Semen, externally yellow or slightly yellow. Odour, slight; taste, sour.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

（2）
同药材。

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、涩，平。归脾、肾经。
Neutral; sweet and astringent. Spleen and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

益肾固精，补脾止泻，除湿止带。
To tonify kidney, secure essence, tonify spleen, check diarrhea, dispel dampness, and relieve abnormal vaginal discharge.

主治 Indications

用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，脾虚久泻，白浊，带下。
Seminal emission, enuresis, frequent urination, chronic diarrhea caused by spleen deficiency, white turbid, vaginal discharge.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.