苍耳子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物苍耳Xanthium sibiricum Patr.的干燥成熟带总苞的果实。秋季果实成熟时采收，干燥，除去梗、叶等杂质。
Xanthium Fruit is the dried mature fruit of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. (Fam. Compositae). The fruit is collected in autumn when it is mature, dried, and the stalks and leaves are removed.

性状 Description

本品呈纺锤形或卵圆形，长1～1.5 cm，直径0.4-0.7 cm。表面黄棕色或黄绿色，全体有钩刺，顶端有2枚较粗的刺，分离或相连，基部有果梗痕。质硬而韧，横切面中央有纵隔膜，2室，各有1枚瘦果。瘦果略呈纺锤形，一面较平坦，顶端具1突起的花柱基，果皮薄，灰黑色，具纵纹。种皮膜质，浅灰色，子叶2，有油性。气微，味微苦。
Fruit spindle-shaped or ovoid, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm in diameter; surface yellowish-brown or yellowish-green, covered with hooked spines, with 2 thicker spines at the apex, separate or connate, and with a fruit stalk scar at the base; texture hard and tough, transverse section with a central septum, 2 chambers, each containing 1 achene. Achene slightly spindle-shaped, one side relatively flat, with a protuberant style base at the apex; pericarp thin, greyish-black, with longitudinal wrinkles; testa membranous, pale grey; endosperm oily; odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡黄棕色至淡黄绿色。总苞纤维成束，常呈纵横交叉排列。果皮表皮细胞棕色，类长方形，常与下层纤维相连。果皮纤维成束或单个散在，细长梭形，纹孔和孔沟明显或不明显。种皮细胞淡黄色，外层细胞类多角形，壁稍厚；内层细胞具乳头状突起。木薄壁细胞类长方形，具纹孔。子叶细胞含糊粉粒和油滴。
(1) The powder is yellowish brown to yellowish green. Involucral fibres in bundles, often arranged in longitudinal and transverse crosses. Pericarp epidermal cells brown, oblong-like, often connected with the lower fibres. Pericarp fibres in bundles or scattered singly, elongated spindle-shaped, pores and pore grooves obvious or inconspicuous. Seed coat cells yellowish, outer cells polygonal, wall slightly thick; inner cells with papillae. Wood thin-walled cells oblong-like, with striated pores. Cotyledonary cells containing paste powder grains and oil droplets.

（2）取本品粉末2 g，加甲醇25 ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至2 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取苍耳子对照药材2 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各4 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（4：1：5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置氨蒸气中熏至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 2 g of this product powder, add 25ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, filtration, filtrate concentrated to 2 ml, as a test solution. Take 2 g of control herb of Cangdongzi, and make control herb solution by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions each 4 μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with n-butanol - glacial acetic acid - water (4:1:5) upper solution as the unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, and put in ammonia vapour fumigation until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour are shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control herb.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液（10：90）为流动相；检测波长为327 nm。理论板数按绿原酸峰计算应不低于3000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid solution (10:90) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength is 327 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of chlorogenic acid should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取绿原酸对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加50%甲醇制成每1 ml含50 μg的溶液，即得（10℃以下保存）。
Preparation of reference solution: Take an appropriate amount of chlorogenic acid reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a brown volumetric flask, and add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 50 μg per ml, and store it below 10°C.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入5%甲酸的50%甲醇溶液25 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300 W，频率40 kHz）40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用5%甲酸的50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液（置棕色瓶中），即得。
Preparation of test solution: Take about 0.5 g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the drug, accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 ml of 50% methanol solution of 5% formic acid, weigh it, treat it with ultrasound (power 300 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 40 minutes, cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 5% formic acid 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate (placed in a brown bottle).

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determination method: Accurately take 5 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含绿原酸（C16H18O9）不得少于0.25%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of chlorogenic acid (C16H18O9) should not be less than 0.25%.

饮片 Prepared slices

苍耳子 Xanthium Fruit

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate Foreign matter.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炒苍耳子 Stir-fried Xanthium Fruit

炮制 Processing

取净苍耳子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至黄褐色，去刺，筛净。
Take clean Xanthium Fruit, according to the method of stir-frying (Tongzhi 0213) stir-fry until yellow-brown, remove the thorns, sieve clean.

性状 Description

本品形如苍耳子，表面黄褐色，有刺痕。微有香气。
This product is shaped like Xanthium Fruit, with a yellow-brown surface and puncture marks. Slightly fragrant.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the crude drug，no more than 10.0%.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温；有毒。
Warm; toxic.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

散风寒，通鼻窍，祛风湿。
To dispel wind and cold, open the nasal passages, and eliminate wind and dampness.

主治 Indications

用于风寒头痛，鼻塞流涕，鼻鼽，鼻渊，风疹瘙痒，湿痹拘挛。
Used for headache due to wind-cold, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, wind rash and itching, and dampness-bi syndrome with spasm.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

苍耳子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物苍耳Xanthium sibiricum Patr.的干燥成熟带总苞的果实。秋季果实成熟时采收，干燥，除去梗、叶等杂质。
Siberian Cocklebur Fruit is the dried ripe fruit with involucre of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in autumn when ripe, dried and removed from stalk, leaf and other foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈纺锤形或卵圆形，长1～1.5cm，直径 0.4～0.7cm。 表面黄棕色或黄绿色，全体有钩刺，顶端有2枚较粗的剌，分离或相连，基部有果梗痕。质硬而韧，横切面中央有纵隔膜，2室，各有1枚瘦果。瘦果略呈纺锤形，一面较平坦，顶端具1突起的花柱基，果皮薄，灰黑色，具纵纹。种皮膜质，浅灰色，子叶2，有油性。气微，味微苦。
Fusiform or ovoid, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-brown or yellowish-green, with hooked spines throughout. Summit with 2 relatively thick spines, separated or linked up, base with a fruit stalk scar. Texture hard and flexible, the centre of transverse section showing a septum and 2 loculi, each having an achene. Achene slightly fusiform, relatively even at one side, apex with a protruding remains of style, pericarp thin, greyish-black, with longitudinal wrinkles. Testa membranous, pale grey, cotyledons 2, oily. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡黄棕色至淡黄绿色。总苞纤维成朿，常呈纵横交叉排列。果皮表皮细胞棕色，类长方形，常与下层纤维相连。果皮纤维成束或单个散在，细长梭形，纹孔和孔沟明显或不明显。种皮细胞淡黄色，外层细胞类多角形，壁稍厚；内层细胞具乳头状突起。木薄壁细胞类长方形，具纹孔。子叶细胞含糊粉粒和油滴。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至2ml，作为供试品溶液。另取苍耳子对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各知4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（4：1：5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置氨蒸气中熏至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

羧基苍术苷 Carboxyatractyloside

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

苍耳子 Siberian Cocklebur Fruit

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate foreign matter.

炒苍耳子 Stir-baked Siberian Cocklebur Fruit

取净苍耳子，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至黄褐色，去刺，筛净。
Stir-bake the clean Siberian Cocklebur Fruit as described under the method for simple stir-baking<0213> to yellowish-brown, remove the spines and sift.

本品形如苍耳子，表面黄褐色，有刺痕。微有香气。
Similar to Siberian Cocklebur Fruit in shape. Externally yellowish-brown, with spine scars. Odour, slightly aromatic.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not more than 10.0%.

苍术苷 Atractyloside

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，温；有毒。归肺经。
Warm; pungent and bitter; toxic. Lung meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

散风寒，通鼻窍，祛风湿。用于风寒头痛，鼻塞流涕，鼻鼽，鼻渊，风疹瘙痒，湿痹拘挛。
To disperse wind-cold, relieve the stuffy nose, and dispel wind-dampness. Used for wind-cold headache, stuffy and running nose, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, itching caused by rubella, and spasm caused by fixed bi disorder.

用法与用置 Administration and Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.