轻粉

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为氯化亚汞（Hg2Cl2）。
Calomel is the chloride of mercury (Hg2Cl2).

性状 Description

本品为白色有光泽的鳞片状或雪花状结晶，或结晶性粉末；遇光颜色缓缓变暗。气微。
Calomel occurs as white, lustrous, scaly or snowflake-like crystals, or as crystalline powder. It darkens slowly on exposure to light. Odour, slight.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品遇氢氧化钙试液、氨试液或氢氧化钠试液，即变成黑色。
(1) When tested with calcium hydroxide solution, ammonia solution or sodium hydroxide solution, it turns black.

（2）取本品，加等量的无水碳酸钠，混合后，置干燥试管中，加热，即分解析出金属汞，凝集在试管壁上，管中遗留的残渣加稀硝酸溶解后，滤过，滤液显氯化物（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
(2) Take the product, mix it with an equal amount of anhydrous sodium carbonate, place it in a dry test tube, heat it, and metallic mercury is decomposed and condensed on the wall of the test tube. Dissolve the residue remaining in the tube in dilute nitric acid, filter, and the filtrate shows the identification reaction of chloride (General Rule 0301).

检查 Examination

升汞 Mercury

取本品2g，加乙醚20ml，振摇5分钟后，滤过，滤液挥去乙醚，残渣加水10ml与稀硝酸2滴溶解后，照氯化物检查法（通则0801）检查，如发生浑浊，与标准氯化钠溶液7ml用同一方法制成的对照液比较，不得更浓。
Take 2 g of the product, add 20 ml of ether, shake for 5 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of water with 2 drops of dilute nitric acid, and examine according to the method for chloride (General Rule 0801). If turbidity occurs, compare it with a control solution prepared in the same manner using 7 ml of standard sodium chloride solution, and it should not be more turbid.

汞珠 Mercury beads

取本品约1g，平铺于白纸上，用扩大镜检视，不应有汞珠存在。
Take about 1 g of the product, spread it on white paper, and examine it with a magnifying glass. There should be no mercury beads.

炽灼残渣 Residue on ignition

不得过0.1%（通则0841）。
Not more than 0.1% (General Rule 0841).

含量测定 Assay

取本品约0.5g，精密称定，置碘瓶中，加水10ml，摇匀，再精密加碘滴定液（0.05mol/L）50ml，密塞，强力振摇至供试品大部分溶解后，再加入碘化钾溶液（5→10）8ml，密塞，强力振摇至完全溶解，用硫代硫酸钠滴定液（0.1mol/L）滴定，至近终点时，加淀粉指示液，继续滴定至蓝色消失。每1ml碘滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于23.61mg的氯化亚汞（Hg2Cl2）。
The sample, about 0.5 g, is accurately weighed, placed in an iodine flask, and 10 ml of water is added. The mixture is shaken well, and then 50 ml of iodine titration solution (0.05 mol/L) is accurately added. The flask is stoppered, and the mixture is vigorously shaken until most of the sample is dissolved. Then, 8 ml of potassium iodide solution (5→10) is added, the flask is stoppered, and the mixture is vigorously shaken until completely dissolved. The solution is titrated with sodium thiosulfate titration solution (0.1 mol/L) to near the end-point. Starch indicator solution is added, and the titration is continued until the blue colour disappears. Each 1 ml of iodine titration solution (0.05 mol/L) is equivalent to 23.61 mg of mercury chloride (Hg2Cl2).

本品含氯化亚汞（Hg2Cl2）不得少于99.0%。
The content of mercury chloride (Hg2Cl2) in the product shall not be less than 99.0%.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

毒性 Toxicity

有毒。
Toxic.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归大肠、小肠经。
Large Intestine and Small Intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

外用杀虫，攻毒，敛疮；内服祛痰消积，逐水通便。
To kill parasites, counteract toxicity, promote wound healing when used externally; to resolve phlegm, eliminate accumulation, promote diuresis, and facilitate bowel movement when taken internally.

主治 Indications

外治用于疥疮，顽癣，臁疮，梅毒，疮疡，湿疹；内服用于痰涎积滞，水肿膨胀，二便不利。
It is used externally for scabies, ringworm, poliomyelitis, syphilis, sores and eczema; internally for phlegm and saliva stagnation, oedema and swelling, and bowel problems.

用量 Dosage

外用适量；内服每次0.1～0.2g，一日1～2次。
Appropriate amount for external use; 0.1～0.2g each time for internal use, 1～2 times a day.

用法 Administration

研末掺敷患处；多入丸剂或装胶囊服，服后漱口。
Ground and mixed with the affected area; more into the pill or capsule service, gargling after service.

注意 Precautions

本品有毒，不可过量；内服慎用；孕妇禁服。
This product is toxic and should not be taken in excessive amounts. It should be used with caution when taken internally, and it is contraindicated in pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

遮光，密闭，置干燥处。
Store in a light-resistant, airtight container in a dry place.

轻粉

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为氯化亚汞（Hg2Cl2）。
Calomel is a mercurous chloride (Hg2Cl2).

性状 Description

本品为白色有光泽的鱗片状或雪花状结晶，或结晶性粉末；遇光颜色缓缓变暗。气微。
White, lustrous, scaly or snow-flake like crystals, or a crystalline powder. Gradually darkened on exposing to light. Odour, slight; almost tasteless.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品遇氢氧化钙试液、氨试液或氢氧化钠试液，即变成黑色。
（2）取本品，加等量的无水碳酸钠，混合后，置干燥试管中，加热，即分解析出金属汞，凝集在试管壁上，管中遗留的残渣加稀硝酸溶解后，滤过，滤液显氯化物（通则0301）的鉴别反应。

检查 Examination

升汞 Mercuric chloride

取本品2g，加乙醚20ml，振摇5分钟后，滤过，滤液挥去乙醚，残渣加水10ml与稀硝酸2滴溶解后，照氯化物检查法（通则0801）检查，如发生浑浊，与标准氯化钠溶液7ml用同一方法制成的对照液比较，不得更浓。
Shake 2 g of the drug in 20 ml of ether for 5 minutes, filter, allow to stand and expel the ether. Dissolve the residue in 10 ml of water and 2 drops of dilute nitric acid TS, carry out the limit test for chlorides <0801>. Any turbidity produced is not more intense than a reference solution prepared with 7 ml of standard solution of sodium chloride.

汞珠 Mercury globule

取本品约1g，平铺于白纸上，用扩大镜检视，不应有汞珠存在。
Spread 1 g of the drug on a piece of white paper, examine under a lens, no mercury globule should be found.

炽灼残渣 Residue on ignition

不得过0.1%（通则0841）。
Not more than 0.1 per cent <0841>.

含量测定 Assay

取本品约0.5g，精密称定，置碘瓶中，加水10ml，摇匀，再精密加碘滴定液（0.05mol/L）50ml，密塞，强力振摇至供试品大部分溶解后，再加入碘化钾溶液（5→10）8ml，密塞，强力振摇至完全溶解，用硫代硫酸钠滴定液（0.1mol/L）滴定，至近终点时，加淀粉指示液，继续滴定至蓝色消失。每1ml碘滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于23.61mg的氯化亚汞（Hg2Cl2）。
To about 0.5 g of the powder, accurately weighed in a stopper flask, add 10 ml of water, shake well,add 50 ml of iodine (0.1 mol/L)VS, accurately measured, stopper tightly, shake vigorously until most of the powder dissolved, add 8 ml of potassium iodide solution (5→10), stopper tightly, shake vigorously to dissolve completely, titrate with sodium thiosulfate (0.1 mol/L) VS towards the end of titration, add starch IS,continue to titrate until the blue colour disappeared. Each ml of iodine (0.1 mol/L) VS is equivalent to 23.61 mg of HgeCl. It contains not less than 99.0 per cent of mercurous chloride (Hg2Cl2)

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛，寒；有毒。归大肠、小肠经。
Cold; pungent； toxic. Meridian tropism: Large intestine and small intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

外用杀虫，攻毒，敛疮；内服祛痰消积，逐水通便。
Topical application: To kill worms, conteract toxic substances, and promote wound healing；Oral administration: To dispel phlegm, relieve accumulation, expel water and open the bowels.

主治 Indications

外治用于疥疮，顽癣，臁疮，梅毒，疮疡，湿疹；内服用于痰涎积滞，水肿臌胀，二便不利。
Topical application: scabies, stubborn tinea, shank sore, syphilis, sore and ulcer, and eczema; Oral administration: excessive phlegm and saliva, edema,tympanites, inhibited defecation and urination.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

外用适量，研末掺敷患处。内服每次0.1～0.2g，一日1～2次，多入丸剂或装胶囊服，服后漱口。
Appropriate amount for topical application, ground into powder for applyment; Oral administration: 0.1-0.2 g per time, 1-2 a day, usually used in pills or capsules, gargling after oral administration.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

本品有毒，不可过量；内服慎用；孕妇禁服。
Poisonous, avoid overdosage. Be cautious for oral administration. Contraindicated for pregnant woman.

贮藏 Storage

遮光，密闭，置干燥处。
Preserve in a well closed container, and protect from light and stored in a dry place.