防风

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物防风Saposhnikovia divaricata（Turcz.）Schischk.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖未抽花茎植株的根，除去须根和泥沙，晒干。
Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root is the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn when the plant is not flowering, removed from rootlet and soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆锥形或长圆柱形，下部渐细，有的略弯曲，长15～30 cm，直径0.5～2 cm。表面灰棕色或棕褐色，粗糙，有纵皱纹、多数横长皮孔样突起及点状的细根痕。根头部有明显密集的环纹，有的环纹上残存棕褐色毛状叶基。体轻，质松，易折断，断面不平坦，皮部棕黄色至棕色，有裂隙，木部黄色。气特异，味微甘。
Roots long-conical or long-cylindrical, gradually tapering towards the lower part, some slightly curved, 15-30 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. Surface greyish-brown or brownish-brown, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles, numerous transverse lenticels-like projections and dotted fine root scars. Upper part of root with distinct closely arranged annulations, some with remnants of brownish-brown hairy leaf bases. Light in weight, texture loose, easily broken, fracture uneven; bark yellowish-brown to brown, with cracks; wood yellow. Odour, peculiar; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为5～30列细胞。栓内层窄，有较大的椭圆形油管。韧皮部较宽，有多数类圆形油管，周围分泌细胞4～8个，管内可见金黄色分泌物；射线多弯曲，外侧常成裂隙。形成层明显。木质部导管甚多，呈放射状排列。根头处有髓，薄壁组织中偶见石细胞。
(1) Powder is light brown. Oil ducts are 17-60μm in diameter and filled with golden yellow secretion. Vascular bundles of leaf bases are often accompanied by fiber bundles. Reticulate vessels are 14-85μm in diameter. Stone cells are rare, yellowish-green, elongated or oblong, with thick walls.

粉末淡棕色。油管直径17～60 μm，充满金黄色分泌物。叶基维管束常伴有纤维束。网纹导管直径14～85 μm。石细胞少见，黄绿色，长圆形或类长方形，壁较厚。
Powder light brown. Vittae 17-60 μm in diameter, filled with golden yellow secretion. Leaf-base vascular bundles are often accompanied by fibre bundles. The reticulated ducts are 14-85 μm in diameter, and the stone cells are rare, yellowish green, oblong or oblong-like, with thick walls.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加丙酮20 ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取防风对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取升麻素苷对照品、5-0-甲基维斯阿米醇苷对照品，加乙醇制成每1 ml各含1 mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇（4:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of acetone, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug of Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Take the reference substances of coumarin glucoside and 5-O-methylvisamminol glucoside, dissolve them in ethanol to produce a mixed solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and methanol (4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.5 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过1.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 1.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于13.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 13.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（40：60）为流动相；检测波长为254 nm。理论板数按升麻素苷峰计算应不低于2000。
Using octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; using methanol-water (40:60) as the mobile phase; detecting wavelength at 254 nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of Atractyloside should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取升麻素苷对照品及5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷对照品适量，精密称定，分别加甲醇制成每1 ml各含60 μg的溶液，即得。
Take appropriate amount of Atractyloside reference substance and 5-O-methylvisamminol glycoside reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 60 μg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品细粉约0.25 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇10 ml，称定重量，水浴回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.25 g of the powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, accurately add 10 ml of methanol, weigh, reflux in a water bath for 2 hours, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液各3 μl与供试品溶液2 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 3μl of the reference solution and 2 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含升麻素苷（C22H28O11）和5-0-甲基维斯阿米醇苷（C22H28O10）的总量不得少于0.24%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of Atractyloside (C22H28O11) and 5-O-methylvisamminol glycoside (C22H28O10) should not be less than 0.24%.

饮片 Prepared slices

防风 Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品为圆形或椭圆形的厚片。外表皮灰棕色或棕褐色，有纵皱纹、有的可见横长皮孔样突起、密集的环纹或残存的毛状叶基。切面皮部棕黄色至棕色，有裂隙，木部黄色，具放射状纹理。气特异，味微甘。
This product is a round or oval thick sheet. The outer epidermis is greyish brown or tan, with longitudinal wrinkles, some visible transverse long lenticel-like protrusions, dense rings or remnants of hairy leaf bases. The cut surface of the skin part brownish yellow to brown, with fissures, the wood part yellow, with radial texture. The smell is peculiar and the taste is slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微温。
Slightly warm.

味 Flavor

辛、甘。
Pungent, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归膀胱、肝、脾经。
Belongs to the bladder, liver, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风解表，胜湿止痛，止痉。
Expel wind and release the exterior, eliminate dampness and relieve pain, stop spasms.

主治 Indications

用于感冒头痛，风湿痹痛，风疹瘙痒，破伤风。
Used for cold headache, rheumatic arthralgia, wind rash itching, tetanus.

用量 Dosage

5~10 g.
5-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and prevent moth.

防风

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物防风Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖未抽花茎植株的根，除去须根和泥沙，晒干。
Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root is the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in spring or autumn before growing of the flowering stem, removed from the rootlet and soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆锥形或长圆柱形，下部渐细，有的略弯曲，长15～30cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面灰棕色或棕褐色，粗糙，有纵皱纹、多数横长皮孔样突起及点状的细根痕.根头部有明显密集的环纹，有的环纹上残存棕褐色毛状叶基。体轻，质松，易折断，断面不平坦，皮部棕黄色至棕色，有裂隙，木部黄色。气特异，味微甘。
Long conical or long cylindrical, gradually tapering towards the lower part, some slightly tortuous, 15-30 cm long, 0. 5-2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish- brown or drak brown, rugged, with longitudinal wrinkles, numerous transverse-elongated lenticel-like protrudings and dotted raised rootlet scars. Root stock with obvious dense annulations, some annulations marked by brown hair-like remains of leaf bases. Texture light, easily broken, fracture uneven, bark brownish-yellow to brown and cracked, wood yellow. Odour, characteristic； taste, sweetish.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为5～30列细胞。栓内层窄，有较大的椭圆形油管。韧皮部较宽，有多数类圆形油管，周围分泌细胞4～8个，管内可见金黄色分泌物；射线多弯曲，外侧常成裂隙。形成层明显。木质部导管甚多，呈放射状排列。根头处有髓，薄壁组织中偶见石细胞。
粉末淡棕色。油管直径17～60µm，充满金黄色分泌物。叶基维管束常伴有纤维束。网纹导管直径14～85µm。石细胞少见，黄绿色，长圆形或类长方形，壁较厚。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10. 0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6. 5 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过1.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 1. 5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于13.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method >, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 13. 0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

防风 Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性 Property

辛、甘，微温。
Mild warm； pungent and sweet.

味 Flavor

微甘。
Sweetish.

归经 Meridian tropism

归膀胱、肝、脾经。
Bladder, liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风解表，胜湿止痛，止痉。
To dispel wind, release the exterior, dispel dampness, relieve pain, and arrest convulsions.

主治 Indications

用于感冒头痛，风湿痹痛，风疹瘙痒，破伤风。
Common cold, headache, painful bi disorder, caused by wind-dampness, itching caused by rubella, and tetanus.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.