老鹳草

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为牻牛儿苗科植物牻牛儿苗Erodium stephanianum Willd.、老鹳草Geranium wilfordii Maxim.或野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum L.的干燥地上部分，前者习称"长嘴老鹳草”，后两者习称“短嘴老鹳草”，夏、秋二季果实近成熟时采割，捆成把，晒干。
Erodium and Geranium Herb is the dried aerial part of Erodium stephanianum Willd., Geranium wilfordii Maxim., or Geranium carolinianum L. (Fam. Geraniaceae). The former is commonly known as "Changzui Laoguancao" and the latter two are commonly known as "Duanzui Laoguancao". The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the fruits are nearly ripe, tied into bundles, and dried.

性状 Description

长嘴老鹳草 Geranium longipedunculatum

茎长30～50cm，直径0.3～0.7cm，多分枝，节膨大。表面灰绿色或带紫色，有纵沟纹和稀疏茸毛。质脆，断面黄白色，有的中空。叶对生，具细长叶柄；叶片卷曲皱缩，质脆易碎，完整者为二回羽状深裂，裂片披针线形。果实长圆形，长0.5～1cm。宿存花柱长2.5～4cm，形似鹳喙，有的裂成5瓣，呈螺旋形卷曲。气微，味淡。
Stems of Changzui Laoguancao are 30-50 cm long, 0.3-0.7 cm in diameter, frequently branched, with enlarged nodes. The surface is grayish-green or purplish, with longitudinal furrows and sparse pubescence. The texture is brittle, and the fracture surface is yellowish-white, sometimes hollow. Leaves are opposite, with slender petioles; leaf blades are curled and wrinkled, brittle and easily broken, when whole, 2-pinnatipartite, with lanceolate segments. Fruits are elongated, about 0.5-1 cm long. Persistent styles are 2.5-4 cm long, resembling stork beaks, sometimes divided into 5 lobes, spirally coiled. Odour is slight, taste is mild.

短嘴老鹳草 Wilford cranesbill herb

茎较细，略短。叶片圆形，3或5深裂，裂片较宽，边缘具缺刻。果实球形，长0.3～0.5cm。花柱长1～1.5cm，有的5裂向上卷曲呈伞形。野老鹳草叶片掌状5～7深裂，裂片条形，每裂片又3～5深裂。
Stems of Duanzui Laoguancao are relatively slender and slightly shorter. Leaf blades are round, deeply 3 or 5-lobed, with wider lobes and notched margins. Fruits are spherical, about 0.3-0.5 cm long. Styles are 1-1.5 cm long, sometimes 5-lobed and curled upwards in an umbrella shape. Leaf blades of Wild Laoguancao are palmately 5-7-lobed, with lobes linear and each lobe deeply 3-5-lobed.

鉴别 Identification

本品叶表面观：牻牛儿苗 上表皮细胞垂周壁近平直或稍弯曲，少数波状弯曲。单细胞非腺毛多见，直立或弯曲，壁具细小疣状突起。腺毛较少，头部单细胞，类圆形，柄部1～4细胞。叶肉中含草酸钙簇晶。下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔多为不定式，少见不等式。
On the surface of Erodium, the periclinal walls of the epidermal cells are nearly straight or slightly curved, with a few wavy curves. Single non-glandular trichomes are common, erect or curved, with fine papillate projections on the walls. Glandular trichomes are relatively few, with a single-cell head that is round and a stalk that consists of 1-4 cells. Calcium oxalate clusters are present in the mesophyll. On the lower epidermis, the periclinal walls of the cells are wavy, and the stomata are mostly anomocytic, with few anisocytic stomata.

老鹳草 上、下表皮细胞垂周壁均波状弯曲，下表皮细胞有时可见连珠状增厚。非腺毛单细胞，硬锥形，基部膨大。腺毛头部卵圆形，柄部多单细胞。
On the surface of Geranium, the periclinal walls of both the upper and lower epidermal cells are wavy, and the lower epidermal cells sometimes show bead-like thickenings. Non-glandular trichomes consist of a single cell and are conical and rigid, with a swollen base. Glandular trichomes have an oval head and a stalk that consists of multiple cells.

野老鹳草 叶肉中偶见草酸钙簇晶。腺毛头部长卵圆形，柄部多单细胞。
Calcium oxalate clusters are occasionally seen in the mesophyll of Wild Laoguancao. The heads of glandular trichomes are elongated oval, and the stalks consist of multiple cells.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 18.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

老鹳草 Erodium and Geranium Herb

炮制 Processing

除去残根及杂质，略洗，切段，干燥。
Remove residual roots and impurities, rinse briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。茎表面灰绿色或带紫色，节膨大。切面黄白色，有时中空。叶对生，卷曲皱缩，灰褐色，具细长叶柄。果实长圆形或球形， 宿存花柱形似鹤喙。气微，味淡。
This product is an irregular segment. The stem surface is grayish green or purple, and the nodes are enlarged. The section is yellow-white, sometimes hollow. Leaves opposite, curly wrinkled, grayish brown, with slender petiole. The fruit is oblong or globose, with persistent style resembling a crane beak. Micro gas, taste light.

检查 Examination

（除杂质外）同药材。
(Apart from impurities) Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾、脾经。
Liver, kidney, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，通经络，止泻痢。
To dispel wind and dampness, promote the circulation of meridians, and stop diarrhea and dysentery.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，麻木拘挛，筋骨酸痛，泄泻痢疾。
Used for rheumatic pain, numbness and spasm, soreness of muscles and bones, diarrhea, and dysentery.

用量 Dosage

9～15 g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

老鹳草

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为牻牛儿苗科植物牻牛儿苗Erodium stephanianum Willd.、老鹳草Geranium wilfordii Maxim.或野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum L.的干燥地上部分，前者习称“长嘴老鹳草”，后两者习称“短嘴老鹳草”，夏、秋二季果实近成熟时采割，捆成把，晒干。
Common Heron's Bill Herb or Wilford Granesbill Herb is the dried aerial part of Erodium stephanianum Willd., Geranium wilfordii Mazim. or Geranium carolinianum L. (Fam. Geraniaceae). The former is known as "Changzui Laoguancao" (Laoguancao with a long beak, Erodii Herba) and the latter are known as "Duanzui Laoguancao" (Laoguancao with a short beak, Geranii Herba). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the fruit is nearly ripe, tied up in bundles, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

长嘴老鹳草 Erodii Herba

茎长30～50cm，直径0.3～0.7cm，多分枝，节膨大。表面灰绿色或带紫色，有纵沟纹和稀疏茸毛。质脆，断面黄白色，有的中空。叶对生，具细长叶柄；叶片卷曲皱缩，质脆易碎，完整者为二回羽状深裂，裂片披针线形。果实长圆形，长0.5～1cm。宿存花柱长2.5～4cm，形似鹳喙，有的裂成5瓣，呈螺旋形卷曲。气微，味淡。
Stems 30-50 cm long, 3-7 mm in diameter, frequently branched, nodes swollen; externally greyish-green or purplish, longitudinally furrowed and sparsely pubescent; texture fragile, fracture yellowish-white, sometimes hollowed. Leaves opposite, slenderly petioled; lamina rolled and crumpled, texture fragile and easily broken, when whole, bipinnatipartite, lobes lanceolate-linear. Fruits oblong, 0.5-1 cm long, persistent style 2.5-4 cm long, beak-shaped, sometimes 5-lobed, spirally rolled. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

短嘴老鹳草 Geranii Herba

茎较细，略短。叶片圆形，3或5深裂，裂片较宽，边缘具缺刻。果实球形，长0.3～0.5cm。花柱长1～1.5cm，有的5裂向上卷曲呈伞形。野老鹳草叶片掌状5～7深裂，裂片条形，每裂片又3～5深裂。
Stems relatively thin, slightly short. Lamina rounded, 3-or 5-parted, lobes relatively broad, margin incised. Fruits globose, 3-5 mm long. Style 1-1. 5 cm long, sometimes 5-lobed and rolled upwards to be umbellate. For herb of Geranium carolinianum, lamina palmatisect, 5-7 parted, lobes stripe-shaped and 3-5 parted.

鉴别 Identification

牻牛儿苗 Erodium stephanianum

叶表面观：上表皮细胞垂周壁近平直或稍弯曲，少数波状弯曲。单细胞非腺毛多见，直立或弯曲，壁具细小疣状突起。腺毛较少，头部单细胞，类圆形，柄部1～4细胞。叶肉中含草酸钙簇晶。下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔多为不定式，少见不等式。
Surface view of leaf: Erodium stephanianum Anticlinal walls of upper epidermal cells nearly straight or slightly curved, a few sinuous. Unicellular non-glandular hairs easily visible, straight or curved, walls with small tuberculate. Glandular hairs relatively less, head unicellular, subrounded, stalk 1-4 celled. Mesophll containing clusters of calcium oxalate. Low epidermal cells with sinuous walls, stomata mostly anomocytic, occasionally anisocytic.

老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii

上、下表皮细胞垂周壁均波状弯曲，下表皮细胞有时可见连珠状增厚。非腺毛单细胞，硬锥形，基部膨大。腺毛头部卵圆形，柄部多单细胞。
Upper and lower epidermal cells with sinuous anticlinal walls, lower epidermal cells sometimes beaded. Non-glandular hairs unicellular, hard conical, stalk swollen, heads ovoid rounded, stalks mostly unicellular.

野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum

叶肉中偶见草酸钙簇晶。腺毛头部长卵圆形，柄部多单细胞。
Mesophll occasionally containing clusters of calcium oxalate. Heads of glandular hairs long ovoid, stalks mostly unicellular.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, the hot extraction method, not less than 18.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

老鹳草 Erodii Herba

炮制 Processing

除去残根及杂质，略洗，切段，干燥。
Eliminate remains of roots and foreign matter, wash briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

本品呈不规则的段。茎表面灰绿色或带紫色，节膨大。切面黄白色，有时中空。叶对生，卷曲皱缩，灰褐色，具细长叶柄。果实长圆形或球形，宿存花柱形似鹳喙。气微，味淡。
In irregular sections. Stems externally greyish-green or purplish, nodes swollen. Fracture yellowish-white, sometimes hollowed. Leaves opposite, rolled and crumpled, greyish-brown, slenderly petioled. Fruits oblong or spherical, persistent style beak-shaped. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

野老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii

炮制 Processing

除去残根及杂质，略洗，切段，干燥。
Eliminate remains of roots and foreign matter, wash briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

本品呈不规则的段。茎较细，略短。切面黄白色，有时中空。叶片圆形，3或5深裂，裂片较宽，边缘具缺刻。果实球形，长0.3～0.5cm。花柱长1～1.5cm，有的5裂向上卷曲呈伞形。气微，味淡。
In irregular sections. Stems relatively thin, slightly short. Fracture yellowish-white, sometimes hollowed. Lamina rounded, 3-or 5-parted, lobes relatively broad, margin incised. Fruits globose, 3-5 mm long. Style 1-1. 5 cm long, sometimes 5-lobed and rolled upwards to be umbellate. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

性 Property

辛、苦，平。
Pungent and bitter; neutral.

味 Flavor

归肝、肾、脾经。
Liver, kidney, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，通经络，止泻痢。
To dispel wind-dampness, unblock the meridians and collateral vessels, and stop diarrhea and dysentery.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，麻木拘挛，筋骨酸痛，泄泻痢疾。
Painful bi disorder caused by wind-dampness, numbness and spasm, sore pain in the sinew and bone, diarrhea and dysentery.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.