清半夏

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为半夏的炮制加工品。
Qingbanxia is the processed product of Pinellia Rhizome.

炮制 Processing

取净半夏，大小分开，用8%白矾溶液浸泡或煮至内无干心，口尝微有麻舌感，取出，洗净，切厚片，干燥。
For processing, take clean Pinellia Rhizome, separate by size, soak or boil with 8% alum solution until there is no dry heart inside, taste slightly tingling on the tongue, take out, wash, cut into thick slices, and dry.

每100 kg净半夏，煮法用白矾12.5 kg，浸泡法用白矾20 kg。
For every 100kg of clean Pinellia Rhizome, use 12.5kg of alum for boiling method, and 20kg of alum for soaking method.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形、类圆形或不规则的片。切面淡灰色至灰白色或黄白色至黄棕色，可见灰白色点状或短线状维管束迹，有的残留栓皮处下方显淡紫红色斑纹。质脆，易折断，断面略呈粉性或角质样。气微，味微涩、微有麻舌感。
The drug is in the form of oval, circular or irregular pieces. The cut surface is pale grey to greyish-white or yellowish-white to yellowish-brown, with greyish-white dot-like or short-line vascular bundles visible, and some with pale purple-red streaks below the residual cork. Texture is brittle, easily broken, and the fracture surface is slightly powdery or horny. Odour is slight, taste is slightly astringent and slightly tingling on the tongue.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色至黄棕色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒类圆形、半圆形或圆多角形，直径2～20 μm，脐点裂缝状、人字状或星状，复粒由2～6分粒组成；或糊化淀粉粒众多，存在于薄壁细胞中。草酸钙针晶束存在于椭圆形黏液细胞中或散在，针晶长20～144 μm；螺纹导管直径10～24 μm。
(1) The powder of the drug is white to yellowish-brown. Numerous starch grains are present, with single grains being circular, semi-circular or polygonal, with a diameter of 2-20 μm, and with hilum cracks, herringbone or star-shaped, and compound grains consisting of 2-6 granules; or numerous gelatinized starch grains present in thin-walled cells. Calcium oxalate needle crystals are present in elliptical mucilage cells or scattered, with needle crystals being 20-144 μm long; spiral vessels have a diameter of 10-24 μm.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加甲醇10 ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液挥至0.5 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取丙氨酸对照品、缬氨酸对照品、亮氨酸对照品，加70%甲醇制成每1 ml各含1 mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5 μl、对照品溶液1μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（8∶3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以茚三酮试液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to 0.5 ml, as the test solution. Take proline reference substance, valine reference substance, leucine reference substance, add 70% methanol to make a mixed solution containing 1 mg per ml, as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-butanol, glacial acetic acid and water (8:3:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of the test solution and 1 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of ninhydrin, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

（3）照半夏项下的〔鉴别〕（3）试验，显相同的结果。
(3) Refer to the test under the item "Identification" of Pinellia Rhizome, and obtain the same result.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.5 per cent <2302>.

白矾限量 Limit of alum

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约5 g，精密称定，置坩埚中，缓缓炽热，至完全炭化时，逐渐升高温度至450℃，灰化4小时，取出，放冷，在坩埚中小心加入稀盐酸约10 ml，用表面皿覆盖坩埚，置水浴上加热10分钟，表面皿用热水5 ml冲洗，洗液并入坩埚中，滤过，用水50 ml分次洗涤坩埚及滤渣，合并滤液及洗液，加0.025%甲基红乙醇溶液1滴，滴加氨试液至溶液显微黄色。加醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液（pH6.0）20 ml，精密加乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05 mol/L）25 ml，煮沸3～5分钟，放冷，加二甲酚橙指示液1 ml，用锌滴定液（0.05 mol/L）滴定至溶液自黄色转变为红色，并将滴定的结果用空白试验校正。每1 ml的乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05 mol/L）相当于23.72 mg的含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕。
Take about 5 g of this product powder (passed through sieve No.4), accurately weighed, placed in a crucible, heated slowly until completely carbonized, gradually raised to 450℃, ashed for 4 hours, taken out, cooled, carefully added with about 10 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid in the crucible, covered with a watch glass, heated on a water bath for 10 minutes, rinsed the watch glass with 5 ml of hot water, the rinsing solution is added to the crucible, filtered, the crucible and the residue are washed with 50 ml of water in portions, the filtrate and the washing solution are combined, 1 drop of 0.025% methyl red ethanol solution is added, and ammonia test solution is added dropwise until the solution is slightly yellow. Add 20 ml of acetic acid-acetate buffer solution (pH 6.0), 25 ml of precise ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration solution (0.05 mol/L), boil for 3-5 minutes, cool, add 1ml of xylenol orange indicator solution, titrate with zinc titration solution (0.05 mol/L) until the solution chang es from yellow to red, and correct the titration result with a blank test. Each 1ml of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration solution (0.05 mol/L) is equivalent to 23.72 mg of hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2•12H2O].

本品按干燥品计算，含白矾以含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕计，不得过10.0%。
This product is calculated on the basis of dry product, and the content of alum is calculated on the basis of hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2•12H2O], not more than 10.0 per cent.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于7.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, the cold maceration method, not less than 7.0 per cent.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肺经。
Spleen, stomach, and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

燥湿化痰。
To dry dampness and transform phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于湿痰咳嗽，胃脘痞满，痰涎凝聚，咯吐不出。
Used for phlegm-damp cough, epigastric distention and fullness, phlegm and saliva consolidation, inability to expectorate.

用量 Dosage

3～9 g.
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Not suitable for use with Sichuan Lovage Rhizome, Processed Sichuan Lovage Rhizome, Aconite Root, Processed Aconite Root, and Prepared Aconite.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

清半夏

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为半夏的炮制加工品。
The drug is prepared from the Pinelliae Rhizoma.

制法 Procedure

取净半夏，大小分开，用8%白矾溶液浸泡至内无干心，口尝微有麻舌感，取出，洗净，切厚片，干燥。
Grade Pinelliae Rhizoma according to size, soak in a 8% solution of alumen until the centre of the cut surface without a dry core and with a slight numbing taste. Take out, wash clean, cut into thick slices and dry.

每100kg净半夏，用白矾20kg。
To each 100 kg of Pinelliae Rhizoma add 20 kg of alumen.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形、类圆形或不规则的片。切面淡灰色至灰白色，可见灰白色点状或短线状维管束迹，有的残留栓皮处下方显淡紫红色斑纹。质脆，易折断，断面略呈角质样。气微，味微涩、微有麻舌感。
Elliptical, subrounded or irregular slices. Cut surface pale grey to greyish-white, showing greyish-white and dotted or short line-shaped vascular bundles, sometimes with purplish-red dapples under the remaining cork. Texture fragile, easily broken, fracture slightly horny. Odour, slight； taste weak, slightly astringent and numbing.

鉴别 Identification

照半夏项下的[鉴别]试验，显相同的结果。
As required for Pinelliae Rhizoma.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13，0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

白矾限量 Limitation of alumen

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约5g，精密称定，置坩埚中，缓缓炽热，至完全炭化时，逐渐升高温度至450℃，灰化4小时，取出，放冷，在坩埚中小心加入稀盐酸约10ml，用表面皿覆盖坩埚，置水浴上加热10分钟，表面皿用热水5ml冲洗，洗液并入坩埚中，滤过，用水50ml分次洗涤坩埚及滤渣，合并滤液及洗液，加0.025%甲基红乙醇溶液1滴，滴加氨试液至溶液显微黄色。加醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液（pH6.0）20ml，精密加乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）25ml，煮沸3～5分钟，放冷，加二甲酚橙指示液1ml，用锌滴定液（0.05mol/L）滴定至溶液自黄色转变为红色，并将滴定的结果用空白试验校正。每1ml的乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于23.72mg的含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕。
本品按干燥品计算，含白矾以含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕计，不得过10.0％。

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于7.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>, not less than 7.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约5g，精密称定，照半夏〔含量测定〕项下的方法测定。
Weigh accurately 5 g of the powder (through No. 4 sieve) , carry out the method under Assay for Pinelliae Rhizoma.

本品按干燥品计算，含总酸以琥珀酸（C4H6O4）计，不得少于0.30%。
It contains not less than 0.30 per cent of total acids, calculated as butanedioic acid (C4H6O4) with reference to the dried drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛，温。归脾、胃、肺经。
Warm； pungent. Spleen, stomach and lung meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

燥湿化痰。用于湿痰咳嗽，胃脘痞满，痰涎凝聚，咯吐不出。
To dry dampness and resolve phlegm. Dampness-phlegm cough, epigastric stuffiness, phlegm, slobber congestion, and difficult expectoration.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Incompatible with Aconiti Radix, Aconiti Radix cocta, Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix, Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix cocta, and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from moth.