白及

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为兰科植物白及Bletilla striata（Thunb.）Reichb.f.的干燥块茎。夏、秋二季采挖，除去须根，洗净，置沸水中煮或蒸至无白心，晒至半干，除去外皮，晒干。
Bletilla Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (Fam. Orchidaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from rootlets, washed clean, boiled or steamed until the white heart is removed, dried until semi-dry, peeled, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则扁圆形，多有2～3个爪状分枝，少数具4～5个爪状分枝，长1.5～6 cm，厚0.5～3 cm。表面灰白色至灰棕色或黄白色，有数圈同心环节和棕色点状须根痕，上面有突起的茎痕，下面有连接另一块茎的痕迹。质坚硬，不易折断，断面类白色，角质样。气微，味苦，嚼之有黏性。
Rhizomes irregularly flattened, with 2-3 claw-like branches, a few with 4-5 claw-like branches, 1.5-6 cm long, 0.5-3 cm thick. Surface greyish-white to greyish-brown or yellowish-white, with several concentric annulations and brownish point-like root scars; upper surface with prominent stem scars; lower surface with traces of connecting rhizomes. Texture hard, not easily broken; fractured surface white and horny. Odour, slight; taste, bitter and sticky when chewed.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡黄白色。表皮细胞表面观垂周壁波状弯曲，略增厚，木化，孔沟明显。草酸钙针晶束存在于大的类圆形黏液细胞中，或随处散在，针晶长18～88 μm。纤维成束，直径11～30 μm，壁木化，具人字形或椭圆形纹孔；含硅质块细胞小，位于纤维周围，排列纵行。梯纹导管、具缘纹孔导管及螺纹导管直径10～32 μm。糊化淀粉粒团块无色。
(1) The powder is pale yellowish-white. Epidermal cells with wavy walls, slightly thickened, lignified, and with distinct pits. Calcium oxalate needle crystals present in large, rounded mucilage cells or scattered throughout, needles measuring 18-88 μm in length. Fibres in bundles, 11-30 μm in diameter, walls lignified, with scalariform or elliptical pits; small silica cells located around the fibres, arranged longitudinally. Laticiferous vessels, vessels with bordered pits, and vessels with spiral thickenings, 10-32 μm in diameter. Aggregates of gelatinized starch granules colourless.

（2）取本品粉末2 g，加70%甲醇20 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10 ml使溶解，用乙醚振摇提取2次，每次20 ml，合并乙醚液，挥至1 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取白及对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10 μl、对照药材溶液5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇（6:2.5:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热数分钟，放置30～60分钟。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视，显相同的棕红色荧光斑点。
(2) To 2 g of the powder add 20 ml of 70% methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of water, extract with two 20 ml portions of ether, combine the ether extracts, and evaporate to 1 ml as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug Bletilla and prepare a solution of the reference drug in the same manner. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane-acetic ether-methanol (6:2.5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10 μl of the test solution and 5 μl of the reference drug solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C for several minutes, and allow to stand for 30-60 minutes. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm, and the same brownish-red fluorescent spot is observed.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulfur dioxide residue

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400 mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of sulfur dioxide residue <2331>, not more than 400 mg/kg.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（22:78）为流动相，检测波长为223 nm。理论板数按1，4-二［4-（葡萄糖氧）苄基］-2-异丁基苹果酸酯峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (22:78) as the mobile phase, and detect at a wavelength of 223 nm. The theoretical plate number should not be less than 2000, calculated based on the peak of 1,4-di-[4-(glucosyloxy)benzyl]-2-isobutyl succinate.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取1，4-二［4-（葡萄糖氧）苄基］-2-异丁基苹果酸酯对照品适量，精密称定，加稀乙醇制成每1 ml含0.15 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of 1,4-di-[4-(glucosyloxy)benzyl]-2-isobutyl succinate reference substance, accurately weigh, add dilute ethanol to make a solution containing 0.15 mg per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇25 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300 W，频率37 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用乙醇补足减失的重量，取上清液滤过，即得。
Take about 0.2 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 ml of dilute ethanol, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 300 W, frequency 37 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with ethanol, filter the supernatant, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含1，4-二［4-（葡萄糖氧）苄基］-2-异丁基苹果酸酯（C34H46O17）不得少于2.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of 1,4-di-[4-(glucosyloxy)benzyl]-2-isobutyl succinate (C34H46O17) should not be less than 2.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

白及 Bletilla Rhizome

炮制 Processing

洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Clean, moisten until thoroughly wet, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的薄片。外表皮灰白色至灰棕色，或黄白色。切面类白色至黄白色，角质样，半透明，维管束小点状，散生。质脆。气微，味苦，嚼之有黏性。
This product comes in irregular thin sheets. The outer epidermis is greyish white to greyish brown, or yellowish white. The cut surface is whitish to yellowish-white, keratin-like, translucent, and the vascular bundles are dotted and scattered. Crisp texture. Slight gas, bitter taste, chewing viscous.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。含1，4-二［4-（葡萄糖氧）苄基］-2-异丁基苹果酸酯（C34H46O17）不得少于1.5%。
Same as the crude drug. Containing not less than 1.5% of 1,4-bis[4-(glucoxy)benzyl]-2-isobutyl malate (C34H46O17).

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、甘、涩。
Bitter, sweet, astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、胃经。
Lung, liver, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

收敛止血，消肿生肌。
Hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerating.

主治 Indications

用于咯血，吐血，外伤出血，疮疡肿毒，皮肤皲裂。
Used for hemoptysis, hematemesis, bleeding from external injuries, sores and abscesses, and cracked skin.

用量 Dosage

6～15 g；3～6 g。外用适量。
6-15 g; 3-6 g when ground into powder and taken orally. For external use, use an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

无；研末吞服。
None;ground into powder and taken orally.

注意 Precautions

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Not suitable for use with Aconitum carmichaelii, processed Aconitum carmichaelii, Aconitum kusnezoffii, processed Aconitum kusnezoffii, and Aconitum.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

白及

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为兰科植物白及Bletilla striata（Thunb.）Reichb.f.的干燥块茎。夏、秋二季采挖，除去须根，洗净，置沸水中煮或蒸至无白心，晒至半干，除去外皮，晒干。
Common Bletilla Tuber is the dried tuber of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. (Fam. Orchidaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from fibrous roots, washed, boiled or steamed until no dry core visible, dried to half dryness in the sun, peeled to remove the outer tissue, and then dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则扁圆形，多有2～3个爪状分枝，长1.5～5cm，厚0.5～1.5cm。表面灰白色或黄白色，有数圈同心环节和棕色点状须根痕，上面有突起的茎痕，下面有连接另一块茎的痕迹。质坚硬，不易折断，断面类白色，角质样。气微，味苦，嚼之有黏性。
Irregularly oblate, mostly with 2-3 claw-like branches, 1.5-5 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm thick. Externally greyish-white or yellowish-white, possessing several concentric rings and brown dotted rootlet scars, with raised stem scars at the upper part and a trace jointing to another tuber at the lower part. Texture hard and not easily broken, fracture whitish and horny. Odour, slight； taste, bitter and viscous on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡黄白色。表皮细胞表面观垂周壁波状弯曲，略增厚，木化，孔沟明显。草酸钙针晶束存在于大的类圆形黏液细胞中，或随处散在，针晶长18～88µm。纤维成束，直径11～30µm，壁木化，具人字形或椭圆形纹孔；含硅质块细胞小，位于纤维周围，排列纵行。梯纹导管、具缘纹孔导管及螺纹导管直径10～32µm。糊化淀粉粒团块无色。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加70%甲醇20ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，用乙醚振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙醚液，挥至1ml，作为供试品溶液。另取白及对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10µl、对照葯材溶液5µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇（6：2.5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热数分钟，放置30～60分钟。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同的棕红色荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

二氧化硫残留量 Residue of sulfur dioxide

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过4OOmg/kg。
Carry out the method for determination of residue of sulfur dioxide<2331>, not more than 400 mg/kg.

饮片 Prepared slices

白及 Common Bletilla Tuber

炮制 Processing

洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dried in the sun.

本品呈不规则的薄片。外表皮灰白色或黄白色。切面类白色，角质样，半透明，维管束小点状，散生。质脆。气微，味苦，嚼之有黏性。
In irregular thin slices. Externally greyish-white or yellowish-white. Cut surface whitish, horny, translucent, scattering dotted vascular bundles. Texture fragile. Odour, slight； taste, bitter, and viscous on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】同药材。
【性味与归经】苦、甘、涩，微寒。归肺、肝、胃经。