平贝母

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物平贝母Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.的干燥鳞茎。春季采挖，除去外皮、须根及泥沙，晒干或低温干燥。
Ussurian Fritillary Bulb is the dried bulb of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in spring, removed from outer skin, fibrous roots and sand, and dried in the sun or at low temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈扁球形，高0.5～1cm，直径0.6～2cm。表面黄白色至浅棕色，外层鳞叶2瓣，肥厚，大小相近或一片稍大抱合，顶端略平或微凹入，常稍开裂；中央鳞片小。质坚实而脆，断面粉性。气微，味苦。
Bulbs flattened-spherical, 0.5-1 cm high, 0.6-2 cm in diameter; surface yellowish-white to light brown, outer scale leaves 2, thick, nearly equal in size or one slightly larger embracing, apex slightly flat or slightly concave, often slightly cracked; central scale small. Texture hard and brittle, fracture mealy. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色。淀粉粒单粒多为圆三角形、卵形、圆贝壳形、三角状卵形、长茧形，直径6～58（74）μm，长约至67μm，脐点裂缝状、点状或人字状，多位于较小端，层纹细密；半复粒稀少，脐点2个；多脐点单粒可见，脐点2～4个。气孔类圆形或扁圆形，直径40～48（50）μm，副卫细胞4～6个。
(1) The powder is white. Starch granules are mostly single, round triangular, ovoid, round shell-shaped, triangular ovoid, or long cocoon-shaped, with a diameter of 6-58 (74) μm and a length of about 67 μm. The hilum is fissured, punctate, or zigzag, mostly located at the smaller end, with fine layer lines; half-compound grains are rare, with 2 hilums; multiple hilums can be seen in single grains, with 2-4 hilums. Stomata are circular or elliptical, with a diameter of 40-48 (50) μm, and there are 4-6 subsidiary cells.

（2）取本品粉末10g，加浓氨试液10ml、三氯甲烷30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取平贝母对照药材10g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液3～5μl、对照药材溶液3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨试液-水（10:1:0.5:0.05）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，依次喷以稀碘化铋钾试液和亚硝酸钠乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 10g of the powder, add 10ml of concentrated ammonia test solution and 30ml of chloroform, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test solution. Take another 10g of the reference drug Pingbeimu, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using ethyl acetate-methanol-concentrated ammonia test solution-water (10:1:0.5:0.05) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3-5 μl of the test solution and 3 μl of the reference drug solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray successively with a solution of iodine bismuth potassium iodide and a solution of sodium nitrite in ethanol. The chromatogram obtained with the test solution shows spots of the same colour at the corresponding positions as those obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用50%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using 50% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 8.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取贝母素乙对照品适量，精密称定，加三氯甲烷制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of diosgenin reference substance, accurately weigh, add chloroform to make a solution containing 0.1 mg per 1 ml.

标准曲线的制备 Preparation of Standard Curve

精密量取对照品溶液0.5ml、1ml、2ml、3ml、4ml，分别置25ml量瓶中，各精密加入0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲溶液（取0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液100ml，用0.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液约50ml调节pH值为5.0，即得）5ml，再精密加0.03%溴百里香酚蓝试液（取溴百里香酚蓝0.03g，用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液0.5ml使溶解，加水稀释至100ml，即得）2ml，加三氯甲烷至刻度，剧烈振摇，转移至分液漏斗中，放置45分钟。取三氯甲烷液，用干燥滤纸滤过，取续滤液，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）在412nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Preparation of standard curve Accurately take 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, and 4 ml of the reference solution, respectively, place them in 25 ml volumetric flasks, and accurately add 5 ml of 0.2 mol/L potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer solution (take 0.2 mol/L potassium hydrogen phthalate solution 100 ml, adjust the pH value to 5.0 with about 50 ml of 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution), then accurately add 2 ml of 0.03% bromothymol blue solution (take 0.03 g of bromothymol blue, dissolve it with 0.5 ml of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, dilute with water to 100 ml), add chloroform to the mark, shake vigorously, transfer to a separating funnel, and let it stand for 45 minutes. Take the chloroform solution, filter it with dry filter paper, take the filtrate, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 412 nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry <0401>. Plot the standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.

测定法 Mensuration

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约2g , 精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中， 加浓氨试液3ml, 浸润1小时，加三氯甲烷-甲醇(4 : 1) 混合溶液40ml, 置80°C水浴加热回流2 小时，放冷，滤过，用适量三氯甲烧－甲醇(4 : 1) 混合溶液洗涤药渣2~3 次，洗液与滤液合并，蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烧使溶解，转移至25ml 噩瓶中，加三氯甲烧至刻度，摇匀。精密釐取2ml,置25ml 量瓶中，照标准曲线制备项下的方法，自“各精密加入0. 2mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲液5ml" 起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中贝母素乙的重量(mg)' 计算，即得。
Take about 2g of this product powder ( through No.4 sieve ), accurately weigh it, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 3ml of concentrated ammonia test solution, soak for 1 hour, add 40ml of chloroform-methanol ( 4 : 1 ) mixed solution, place it in a 80 ° C water bath for heating and reflux for 2 hours, release cold, filter, and use an appropriate amount of trichloromethane-methanol ( 4 : 1 ) mixed solution to wash the residue 2-3 times. The washing solution is combined with the filtrate, evaporated, and the residue is dissolved by trichloromethane, transferred to a 25ml flask, added trichloromethane to the scale, and shaken well. 2ml of the solution was accurately taken and put into a 25ml measuring bottle. The absorbance was measured according to the method described in the standard curve. The absorbance was measured according to the law from ' 5ml of 0.2mol / L potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer solution was added to each precision '. The weight ( mg ) of peiminine in the sample solution was read out from the standard curve.

本品按干燥品计算，含总生物碱以贝母素乙（C27H43NO3)计，不得少于0.050% 。
This product is calculated according to the dry product, containing total alkaloids to peiminine ( C27H43NO3 ), not less than 0.050 %.

饮片 Prepared slices

平贝母 Ussurian Fritillary Bulb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，用时捣碎。
Eliminate Foreign matter, crush when used.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心经。
Lung and heart meridians.

功能 Actions

清热润肺，化痰止咳。
To clear heat and moisten the lungs, transform phlegm and stop coughing.

主治 Indications

用于肺热燥咳，干咳少痰，阴虚劳嗽，咳痰带血。
Used for lung heat and dry cough, dry cough with little phlegm, yin deficiency and chronic cough, cough with bloody sputum.

用量 Dosage

3～9 g。
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

研粉冲服，一次1～2 g。
Grind into powder and take orally, 1-2 g each time.

注意 Precautions

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Not suitable for use with Sichuan aconite, processed Sichuan aconite, Aconitum kusnezoffii, processed Aconitum kusnezoffii, and Aconitum carmichaeli.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

平贝母

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物平贝母Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.的干燥鳞茎。春季采挖，除去外皮、须根及泥沙，晒干或低温干燥。
Ussuri Fritillary Bulb is the dried bulb of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in spring, removed from outer bark, fibrous root and soil, dried in the sun or at a lower temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈扁球形，高0.5～1cm，直径0.6～2cm。表面黄白色至浅棕色，外层鳞叶2瓣，肥厚，大小相近或一片稍大抱合，顶端略平或微凹入，常稍开裂；中央鳞片小。质坚实而脆，断面粉性。气微，味苦。
Oblate, 0. 5-1 cm high, 0. 6-2 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-white to pale brown, outer scale leaves 2, plump, uniform in size or the large scale leaf embracing the small one, apex slightly flat or dented, frequently slightly split, scales in the centre small. Texture hard and fragile, fracture starchy. Odour, slightly; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色。淀粉粒单粒多为圆三角形、卵形、圆贝壳形、三角状卵形、长茧形，直径6～58（74）μm，长约至67μm，脐点裂缝状、点状或人字状，多位于较小端，层纹细密；半复粒稀少，脐点2个；多脐点单粒可见，脐点2～4个。气孔类圆形或扁圆形，直径40～48（50）μm，副卫细胞4～6个。
（2）取本品粉末10g，加浓氨试液10ml、三氯甲烷30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取平贝母对照药材10g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液3～5μl、对照药材溶液3μl和对照品溶液2μl[1]，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-浓氨试液-水（10：1：0.5：0.05）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，依次喷以稀碘化铋钾试液和亚硝酸钠乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用50%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 50% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 8.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

对照品溶液的制备
取贝母素乙对照品适量，精密称定，加三氯甲烷制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。

饮片 Prepared slices

平贝母 Ussuri Fritillary

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter. Break to pieces before use.

性 Property

苦、甘，微寒。
Mild cold; bitter and sweet.

味 Flavor

苦、甘。
Bitter and sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心经。
Lung and heart meridians.

功能 Actions

清热润肺，化痰止咳。
To clear heat, moisten the lung, resolve phlegm and suppress cough.

主治 Indications

用于肺热燥咳，干咳少痰，阴虚劳嗽，咳痰带血。
Lung heat, dry cough, dry cough with scanty phlegm, cough caused by yin consumptive disease, and expectoration of phlegm with blood.

用量 Dosage

3～9g；研粉冲服，一次1～2g。
3-9 g, ground into powder for oral administration (taking it after mixing it with water): 1-2 g per time.

注意 Precautions

不宜与川乌、制川乌、草乌、制草乌、附子同用。
Incompatible with Aconiti Radix, processed Aconiti Radix, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, processed Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from moth.