玉竹

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物玉竹Polygonatum odoratum（Mill.）Druce的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，除去须根，洗净，晒至柔软后，反复揉搓、晾晒至无硬心，晒干；或蒸透后，揉至半透明，晒干。
Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from fibrous roots, washed clean, dried until soft, repeatedly kneaded and dried until no hard core remains, or steamed until semi-transparent and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆柱形，略扁，少有分枝，长4～18cm，直径0.3～1.6cm。表面黄白色或淡黄棕色，半透明，具纵皱纹和微隆起的环节，有白色圆点状的须根痕和圆盘状茎痕。质硬而脆或稍软，易折断，断面角质样或显颗粒性。气微，味甘，嚼之发黏。
Rhizomes long cylindrical, slightly flattened, few branches, 4-18cm long, 0.3-1.6cm in diameter; surface yellowish-white or pale yellow-brown, translucent, with longitudinal wrinkles and slightly raised nodes, with white circular root scars and disc-shaped stem scars. Texture hard and brittle or slightly soft, easily broken, fracture horny or granular. Odour, slight; taste, sweet, chewy.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：表皮细胞扁圆形或扁长方形，外壁稍厚，角质化。薄壁组织中散有多数黏液细胞，直径80～140μm，内含草酸钙针晶束。维管束外韧型，稀有周木型，散列。
Transverse section of the drug: Epidermal cells flattened round or flattened rectangular, outer wall slightly thickened, keratinized. Numerous mucilage cells scattered in the parenchyma, diameter 80-140μm, containing bundles of calcium oxalate needles. Vascular bundles exarch, rarely endarch, scattered.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于50.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using 70% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 50.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取无水葡萄糖对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含无水葡萄糖0.6mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of anhydrous glucose reference substance, accurately weigh, add water to make a solution containing 0.6mg of anhydrous glucose per 1 ml.

标准曲线的制备 Preparation of standard curve

精密量取对照品溶液1.0ml、1.5ml、2.0ml、2.5ml、3.0ml，分别置50ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀。精密量取上述各溶液2ml，置具塞试管中，分别加4%苯酚溶液1ml，混匀，迅速加入硫酸7.0ml，摇匀，于40℃水浴中保温30分钟，取出，置冰水浴中5分钟，取出，以相应试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在490nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Accurately measure 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml, 2.5ml, and 3.0ml of the reference solution, respectively, place them in 50ml volumetric flasks, add water to the mark, and shake well. Accurately measure 2ml of each of the above solutions, place them in stoppered test tubes, add 1ml of 4% phenol solution to each tube, mix well, quickly add 7.0ml of sulfuric acid, shake well, keep warm in a 40°C water bath for 30 minutes, take out, place in an ice water bath for 5 minutes, take out, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, determine the absorbance at a wavelength of 490nm according to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric method <0401>, plot the standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.

测定法 Determination method

取本品粗粉约1g，精密称定，置圆底烧瓶中，加水100ml，加热回流1小时，用脱脂棉滤过，如上重复提取1次，两次滤液合并，浓缩至适量，转移至100ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，精密量取2ml，加乙醇10ml，搅拌，离心，取沉淀加水溶解，置50ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，精密量取2ml，照标准曲线的制备项下的方法，自“加4%苯酚溶液1ml”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中无水葡萄糖的重量（mg），计算，即得。
Take about 1g of the crude powder of this product, accurately weigh, place it in a round-bottom flask, add 100ml of water, heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter through defatted cotton, repeat the above extraction once, combine the two filtrates, concentrate to an appropriate amount, transfer to a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to the mark, shake well, accurately measure 2ml, add 10ml of ethanol, stir, centrifuge, take the precipitate and dissolve it in water, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark, shake well, accurately measure 2ml, according to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, starting from "add 1ml of 4% phenol solution", determine the absorbance according to the law, read the weight of anhydrous glucose in the test solution from the standard curve (mg), and calculate.

本品按干燥品计算，含玉竹多糖以葡萄糖（C6H12O6）计，不得少于6.0%。
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the polysaccharide containing Polygonatum polysaccharide is calculated as glucose (C6H12O6), which shall not be less than 6.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片或段，干燥。
Remove impurities, wash, soak until moist, cut into thick slices or sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则厚片或段。外表皮黄白色至淡黄棕色，半透明，有时可见环节。切面角质样或显颗粒性。气微，味甘，嚼之发黏。
This product is irregular thick pieces or segments. The outer skin is yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, translucent, sometimes visible. The section is keratinous or granular. The breath is slight, the taste is sweet, and the chew is sticky.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung and Stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

养阴润燥，生津止渴。
Nourishing yin and moisturizing dryness, generating body fluids and relieving thirst.

主治 Indications

用于肺胃阴伤，燥热咳嗽，咽干口渴，内热消渴。
Used for lung and stomach yin deficiency, dry-heat cough, dry throat and thirst, internal heat and diabetes.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。
6-12g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, protect from mold and insects.

玉竹

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物玉竹Polygonatum odoratum（Mill.）Druce的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，除去须根，洗净，晒至柔软后，反复揉搓、晾晒至无硬心，晒干；或蒸透后，揉至半透明，晒干。
Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from the fibrous root, washed clean, dried in the sun to soften, rubbed repeatedly and dried in the air until the drug is devoid of hard core, and then dried in the sun thoroughly. Or rubbed to be translucent after steaming thoroughly, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈长圆柱形，略扁，少有分枝，长4～18cm，直径0.3～1.6cm。表面黄白色或淡黄棕色，半透明，具纵皱纹和微隆起的环节，有白色圆点状的须根痕和圆盘状茎痕。质硬而脆或稍软，易折断，断面角质样或显颗粒性。气微，味甘，嚼之发黏。
Long cylindrical, slightly flattened, occasionally branched, 4-18 cm long, 0.3-1.6 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-white or pale yellowish-brown, translucent, with longitudinal wrinkles and slightly raised annulations, exhibiting white rounded-dotted fibrous root scars and a disk-like stem scar. Texture hard and fragile or slightly soft, easily broken, fracture horny or granular. Odour slight; taste, sweetish and viscous on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：表皮细胞扁圆形或扁长方形，外壁稍厚，角质化。薄壁组织中散有多数黏液细胞，直径80～140 μm，内含草酸钙针晶束。维管束外韧型，稀有周木型，散列。
Transverse section: Epidermal cells oblate or flattened-rectangular, outer walls slightly thickened, cutinized. Numerous mucilage cells scattered throughout parenchyma, 80-140 μm in diameter, containing raphides of calcium oxalate. Collateral bundles as well as a few amphivasal bundles scattered.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用70%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于50.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>, using 70% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 50.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

对照品溶液的制备 取无水葡萄糖对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含无水葡萄糖0.6mg的溶液，即得。
Calibration standard Measure accurately a quantity of anhydrous glucose CRS, dissolve in water to prepare a solution containing 0.6 mg of anhydrous glucose per ml.

标准曲线的制备
精密量取对照品溶液1.0ml、1.5ml、2.0ml、2.5ml、3.0ml，分别置50ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀。精密量取上述各溶液2ml，置具塞试管中，分别加4%苯酚溶液1ml，混匀，迅速加入硫酸7.0ml，摇匀，于40℃水浴中保温30分钟，取出，置冰水浴中5分钟，取出，以相应试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在490nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。

Calibration standard Measure accurately 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ml of the reference solution in 50 ml volumetric flasks, respectively, dilute with water to volume and mix well. Transfer accurately 2 ml of each of the resulting solutions to stopper tubes respectively, add 1 ml of 4% phenol solution, mix well, add 7.0 ml of sulfuric acid quickly, shake, keep in a 40℃ water bath for 30 minutes, then move to ice bath for 5 minutes. Carry out the method for ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry<0401>, measure the absorbance at 490 nm, taking the mixture of corresponding solvents as a blank, and plot the standard curve, using absorbance as ordinate and concentration as abscissa.

测定法
取本品粗粉约1g，精密称定，置圆底烧瓶中，加水100ml，加热回流1小时，用脱脂棉滤过，如上重复提取1次，两次滤液合并，浓缩至适量，转移至100ml量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，精密量取2ml，加乙醇10ml，搅拌，离心，取沉淀加水溶解，置50ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，精密置取2ml，照标准曲线的制备项下的方法，自“加4%苯酚溶液1ml”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中无水葡萄糖的重量（mg），计算，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含玉竹多糖以葡萄糖（C6H12O6）计，不得少于6.0%。
It contains not less than 6.0 per cent of polysaccharide, calculated as glucose (C6H12O6) with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

玉竹 Fragrant Solomonseal

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切厚片或段，干燥。
Processing Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices or sections, and dry.

本品呈不规则厚片或段。外表皮黄白色至淡黄棕色，半透明，有时可见环节。切面角质样或显颗粒性。气微，味甘，嚼之发黏。
In irregular thick slices or sections. Externally yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, translucent, sometimes annular nodes visible. Cut surface horny or granular. Odour slight; taste sweet, viscous on chewing.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，微寒。归肺、胃经。
Mild cold; sweet. Lung and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

养阴润燥，生津止渴。用于肺胃阴伤，燥热咳嗽，咽干口渴，内热消渴。
To nourish yin, moisten dryness, and engender fluid to quench thirst. Used for lung-stomach yin damage, dryness-heat cough, dry throat, thirst, interior heat, and wasting-thirst.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from mould and moth.