陈皮

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮。药材分为“陈皮”和“广陈皮”。采摘成熟果实，剥取果皮，晒干或低温干燥。
Tangerine Peel is the dried mature pericarp of the fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties (Fam. Rutaceae). The drug is divided into "Chenpi" and "Guangchenpi". The mature fruits are harvested, the pericarps are peeled off, and then dried by sunlight or low-temperature drying.

性状 Description

陈皮 Chenpi

常剥成数瓣，基部相连，有的呈不规则的片状，厚1～4 mm。外表面橙红色或红棕色，有细皱纹和凹下的点状油室；内表面浅黄白色，粗糙，附黄白色或黄棕色筋络状维管束。质稍硬而脆。气香，味辛、苦。
It is often divided into several lobes, connected at the base, some irregularly shaped and 1-4 mm thick. The outer surface is orange-red or reddish-brown, with fine wrinkles and small oil cavities; the inner surface is light yellowish-white, rough, with yellowish-white or yellow-brown vascular bundles. The texture is slightly hard and brittle. It has a fragrant aroma, and tastes pungent and bitter.

广陈皮 Guangchenpi

常3瓣相连，形状整齐，厚度均匀，约1 mm。外表面橙黄色至棕褐色，点状油室较大，对光照视，透明清晰。质较柔软。
It is often connected in 3 lobes, with a neat shape and uniform thickness of about 1 mm. The outer surface is orange-yellow to brownish-brown, with larger oil cavities, transparent and clear when viewed against the light. The texture is relatively soft.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色至黄棕色。中果皮薄壁组织众多，细胞形状不规则，壁不均匀增厚，有的成连珠状。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形、类方形或长方形，垂周壁稍厚，气孔类圆形，直径18～26 μm，副卫细胞不清晰；侧面观外被角质层，靠外方的径向壁增厚。草酸钙方晶成片存在于中果皮薄壁细胞中，呈多面体形、菱形或双锥形，直径3～34 μm，长5～53 μm，有的一个细胞内含有由两个多面体构成的平行双晶或3～5个方晶。橙皮苷结晶大多存在于薄壁细胞中，黄色或无色，呈圆形或无定形团块，有的可见放射状条纹。可见螺纹导管、孔纹导管和网纹导管及较小的管胞。
(1) The powder of this drug is yellowish-white to yellow-brown. The middle pericarp has numerous thin-walled tissues, with irregularly shaped cells and unevenly thickened walls, some of which are in clusters. The epidermal cells of the pericarp are polygonal, square-like, or rectangular in shape, with slightly thickened radial walls, circular stomata with a diameter of 18-26 μm, and indistinct subsidiary cells; when viewed from the side, there is a thickened cuticle layer on the outer side of the radial wall. Calcium oxalate prisms are present in the form of plates in the thin-walled cells of the middle pericarp, with a polyhedral, rhombic, or biconical shape, with a diameter of 3-34 μm and a length of 5-53 μm. Some cells contain parallel twins formed by two polyhedrons or 3-5 prisms. Crystals of hesperidin are mostly present in the thin-walled cells, yellow or colorless, in the form of round or amorphous masses, some of which have radial streaks. Spiral vessels, pitted vessels, reticulate vessels, and small er parenchyma cells are visible.

（2）取本品粉末0.3 g，加甲醇10 ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，取滤液5 ml，浓缩至1 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取橙皮苷对照品，加甲醇制成饱和溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一用0.5%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（100:17:13）为展开剂，展至约3 cm，取出，晾干，再以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水（20:10:1:1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展至约8 cm，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.3 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, sonicate for 20 minutes, filter, take 5ml of the filtrate, concentrate to 1 ml as the test solution. Take hesperidin CRS, add methanol to make a saturated solution as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100:17:13) as the mobile phase. Develop to about 3 cm, take out, dry, and then use the upper layer solution of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (20:10:1:1) as the mobile phase, develop to about 8 cm, take out, dry, spray with a solution of ferric chloride, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

（3）另取2-甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液，再取广陈皮对照提取物，加甲醇超声处理20分钟，制成每1 ml含15 mg的溶液，作为对照提取物溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液及〔鉴别〕（2）项下的供试品溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（10:4:2:0.5）10℃以下放置的上层溶液为展开剂，展至约5 cm，取出，晾干，再以环己烷为展开剂，展至约8 cm，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照提取物色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点（广陈皮）。
(3) Take 2-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml as the reference solution, and then take the reference extract of Guangchenpi, add methanol and sonicate for 20 minutes, make a solution containing 15 mg per ml as the reference extract solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (10:4:2:0.5) as the mobile phase, and place the upper layer solution at a temperature below 10°C. Develop to about 5 cm, take out, dry, and then use n-hexane as the mobile phase, develop to about 8 cm, take out, dry, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference extract and the reference solution (Guangchenpi).

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>.

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约5 g，精密称定，加入氯化钠3 g，照黄曲霉毒素测定法项下供试品的制备方法测定，计算，即得。
Take the powder of this product (through the second sieve) about 5 g, precision weighing, add sodium chloride 3 g, according to the aflatoxin determination method under the preparation of the test product, calculation, that is obtained.

本品每1000 g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5 μg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10 μg。
This product shall not contain more than 5 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 1000 g, and the total amount of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1 shall not exceed 10 μg.

含量测定 Content determination

陈皮 Tangerine Peel

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（22：78）为流动相；检测波长为283 nm。理论板数按橙皮苷峰计算应不低于2000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; acetonitrile-water (22:78) was used as mobile phase; the detection wavelength was 283 nm; the theoretical plate number should be not less than 2000 according to the calculation of hesperidin peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取橙皮苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.4 mg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of control solution Take the appropriate amount of hesperidin control, weigh it precisely, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.4 mg per 1 ml, that is to say.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉（过二号筛）约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25 ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率300 W；频率40 kHz）45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution Take about 0.2 g of crude powder of this product (through the second sieve), weighed accurately, placed in a stoppered conical flask, add 25 ml of methanol, stoppered tightly, weighed, ultrasonication (power of 300 W; frequency of 40 kHz) for 45 minutes, cooled, then weighed, and make up for the loss of weight with methanol, shaking, filtering, and then take the filtrate, that is, the product is obtained.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determination Precisely take up 5 μl each of control solution and test solution separately, inject into liquid chromatograph and determine, it is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于3.5%。
This product contains not less than 3.5% of Hesperidin (C28H34O15) calculated as dried product.

广陈皮 Dried Tangerine Peel

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；橙皮苷检测波长为283 nm，川陈皮素和橘皮素检测波长为330 nm。理论板数按橙皮苷峰和川陈皮素峰计算均应不低于2000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, and water was used as mobile phase B. Gradient elution was carried out according to the provisions of the following table; Hesperidin was detected at a wavelength of 283 nm, and chuanchengpi pigment and orange peel pigment were detected at a wavelength of 330 nm. the theoretical plate counts calculated on the basis of the peaks of hesperidin and chuanchengpi pigment were both not less than 2,000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取橙皮苷对照品、川陈皮素对照品、橘皮素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含橙皮苷0.2 mg、川陈皮素25 μg、橘皮素15 μg的混合溶液，即得。
Preparation of control solution Take appropriate amount of hesperidin control, chuanchengpiin control, orange peel control, weigh it precisely, add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.2mg of hesperidin, 25μg of chuanchengpiin and 15μg of orange peel per 1ml, that is to say, it is obtained.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粗粉（过二号筛）约0.2 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25 ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率300 W，频率40 kHz）45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution Take about 0.2g of crude powder of this product (through the second sieve), weighed accurately, placed in a stoppered conical flask, add 25ml of methanol, stoppered tightly, weighed, ultrasonication (power of 300W, frequency of 40kHz) for 45 minutes, cooled, then weighed, and make up for the loss of weight with methanol, shaking, filtering, and then take the filtrate, that is, the product is obtained.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determination Precisely take up 5 μl each of control solution and test solution separately, inject into liquid chromatograph and determine, it is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于2.0%；含川陈皮素（C21H22O8）和橘皮素（C20H20O7）的总量，不得少于0.42%。
This product contains not less than 2.0% of Hesperidin (C28H34O15) calculated according to the dry product; the total amount of Chuan Chenpiin (C21H22O8) and Orange Peelin (C20H20O7) shall not be less than 0.42%.

饮片 Prepared slices

陈皮 Tangerine Peel

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋水，润透，切丝，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,spray with Water , soften thoroughly, cut into shreds, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的条状或丝状。外表面橙红色或红棕色，有细皱纹和凹下的点状油室。内表面浅黄白色，粗糙，附黄白色或黄棕色筋络状维管束。气香，味辛、苦。
The product is in the form of irregular strips or filaments. The outer surface is orange-red or reddish brown with fine wrinkles and concave punctate oil chambers. The inner surface is light yellowish white, rough, with yellowish white or yellowish brown sinewy vascular bundles. Aromatic, pungent, bitter.

含量测定 Content determination

陈皮 Chenpi

同药材，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于2.5%。
Chen Pi same as the herb, containing not less than 2.5% hesperidin (C28H34O15).

广陈皮 Guangchenpi

同药材，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于1.75%；含川陈皮素（C21H22O8）和橘皮素（C20H20O7）的总量，不得少于0.40%。
Guang Chen Pi same as the herb, containing not less than 1.75% of hesperidin (C28H34O15); containing the total amount of chuan chenpianin (C21H22O8) and orange peel (C20H20O7), not less than 0.40%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材
Same as the herb

检查 Examination

同药材
Same as the herb

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气健脾，燥湿化痰。
To regulate qi, invigorate the spleen, dry dampness, and transform phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于脘腹胀满，食少吐泻，咳嗽痰多。
Used for distension and fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen, poor appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and cough with excessive phlegm.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g.
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, protect from mold and insects.

注：栽培变种主要有茶枝柑Citrusreticulata‘Chachi’（广陈皮）、大红袍Citrusreticu lata‘Dahongpao’、温州蜜柑Citrusreticu lata‘Unshiu’、福橘Citrusreticulata‘langerina’。
Note: The main cultivated varieties include 'Chachi' Citrus reticulata, 'Dahongpao' Citrus reticulata, 'Unshiu' Citrus reticulata, and 'Langerina' Citrus reticulata.

陈皮

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为芸香科植物橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco 及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮。药材分为“陈皮”和“广陈皮”。采摘成熟果实，剥取果皮，晒干或低温干燥。
Dried Tangerine Peel is the dried pericarp of the ripe fruit of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae). The drug is subdivided into two classes, known respectively as “Chenpi”, and “Guang Chenpi”. The fruit is collected when the fruit is ripe, the pericarp is peeled off and dried in the sun or at a low temperature.

性状 Description

陈皮
常剥成数瓣，基部相连，有的呈不规则的片状，厚1～4mm。外表面橙红色或红棕色，有细皱纹和凹下的点状油室；内表面浅黄白色，粗糙，附黄白色或黄棕色筋络状维管束。质稍硬而脆。气香，味辛、苦。

广陈皮
常3瓣相连，形状整齐，厚度均匀，约1mm。点状油室较大，对光照视，透明清晰。质较柔软。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色至黄棕色。中果皮薄壁组织众多，细胞形状不规则，壁不均匀增厚，有的成连珠状。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形、类方形或长方形，垂周壁稍厚，气孔类圆形，直径18～26μm，副卫细胞不清晰；侧面观外被角质层，靠外方的径向壁增厚。草酸钙方晶成片存在于中果皮薄壁细胞中，呈多面体形、菱形或双锥形，直径3～34μm，长5～53μm，有的一个细胞内含有由两个多面体构成的平行双晶或3～5个方晶。橙皮苷结晶大多存在于薄壁细胞中，黄色或无色，呈圆形或无定形团块，有的可见放射状条纹。螺纹导管、孔纹导管和网纹导管及管胞较小。
（2）取本品粉末0.3g，加甲醇10ml，加热回流20分钟，滤过，取滤液5ml，浓缩至1ml，作为供试品溶液。另取橙皮苷对照品，加甲醇制成饱和溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一用0.5%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（100：17：13）为展开剂，展至约3cm，取出，晾干，再以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水（20：10：1：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展至约8cm，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of aflatoxins <2351>.

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约5g，精密称定，加入氯化钠3g，照黄曲霉毒素测定法项下供试品的制备方法测定，计算，即得。
Weigh accurately 5 g of the powder (through No. 2 sieve), add 3 g of sodium chloride, prepare it in the same manner as described under the method for aflatoxin, test and calculate the content.

本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，黄曲霉毒素 G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1总量不得过10μg。
It contains not more than 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin Bi and not more than 10 μg/kg of the sum of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-醋酸-水（35：4：61）为流动相；检测波长为283nm。理论板数按橙皮苷峰计算应不低于2000。

对照品溶液的制备
取橙皮苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粗粉约1g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）80ml，加热回流2～3小时，弃去石油醚，药渣挥干，加甲醇80ml，再加热回流至提取液无色，放冷，滤过，滤液置100ml量瓶中，用少量甲醇分数次洗涤容器，洗液滤入同一量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于3.5%。
It contains not less than 3.5 per cent of hesperidin (C28H34O15), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

陈皮 Chenpi

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminated foreign matter, spray with water, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气健脾，燥湿化痰。
To regulate qi, fortify the spleen, dry dampness and resolve phlegm.

主治 Indications

脘腹胀满，食少吐泻，咳嗽痰多。
Distention and fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen, reduced food intake with vomiting and diarrhea, cough and profuse sputum.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from mould and moth.

注：栽培变种主要有茶枝柑 Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ （广陈皮）、大红袍 Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’、温州蜜柑 Citrus reticulata ‘Unshiu’、福橘 Citrus reticulatai ‘Tangerina’。
Note: The main varieties include Citrus reticulata “Chachi” (Guang Chenpi), Citrus reticulata “Dahong-pao”, Citrus reticulata “Unshiu” and Citrus reticulata “Tangerina”.