橘红

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥外层果皮。秋末冬初果实成熟后采收，用刀削下外果皮，晒干或阴干。
Tangerine Peel is the dried outer pericarp of the fruit of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties (Fam. Rutaceae). The fruit is collected when it is ripe in late autumn and early winter, the outer pericarp is removed by knife, and then dried in the sun or shade.

性状 Description

本品呈长条形或不规则薄片状，边缘皱缩向内卷曲。外表面黄棕色或橙红色，存放后呈棕褐色，密布黄白色突起或凹下的油室。内表面黄白色，密布凹下透光小圆点。质脆易碎。气芳香，味微苦、麻。
Tangerine Peel is long and strip-shaped or irregularly thin and flaky, with the edges wrinkled and curled inward. The outer surface is yellowish-brown or orange-red, turning brown after storage, densely covered with yellowish-white oil glands that are raised or sunken. The inner surface is yellowish-white, with numerous small translucent dots. The texture is brittle and easily broken. It has a fragrant aroma, slightly bitter and pungent taste.

鉴别 Identification

(1)本品粉末淡黄棕色。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形、类方形或长方形，垂周壁增厚，气孔类圆形，直径18～26μm，副卫细胞不清晰；侧面观外被角质层，径向壁的外侧增厚。油室碎片的外围薄壁细胞壁微增厚。草酸钙方晶成片存在于薄壁组织中。
(1) The powder of Tangerine Peel is pale yellowish-brown. The epidermal cells of the pericarp are observed to be polygonal, square-like, or rectangular in surface view, with thickened anticlinal walls and round-shaped stomata, 18-26 μm in diameter. The subsidiary cells are not clear. In cross section, there is an outer cuticle layer, and the outer side of the radial walls is thickened. The peripheral thin-walled cells of the oil glands are slightly thickened. Calcium oxalate prisms are present in the parenchyma.

(2)取本品粉末0.3g，加甲醇10ml，加热回流20分钟，滤过，取滤液5ml，浓缩至1ml，作为供试品溶液。另取橙皮苷对照品，加甲醇制成饱和溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法(通则0502)试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一用0.5%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（100∶17∶13）为展开剂，展开约3cm，取出，晾干，再以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水（20∶10∶1∶1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展至约8cm，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.3 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 20 minutes, filter, take 5 ml of the filtrate, concentrate to 1 ml as the test solution. Take naringin CRS, dissolve it in methanol to produce a saturated solution as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100:17:13) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. Develop the plate to a distance of about 3 cm, take out, dry in air. Develop the plate to a distance of about 8 cm, using the upper layer solution of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (20:10:1:1) as the mobile phase. Take out and dry. Spray with a solution of ferric chloride, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（40∶60）为流动相；检测波长为284nm。理论板数按橙皮苷峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (40:60) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 284nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of hesperidin should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取橙皮苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含60μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of hesperidin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 60μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，加甲醇20ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，转移至50ml量瓶中，用少量甲醇分次洗涤容器和残渣，洗液并入同一量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.2g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, add 20ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, transfer to a 50ml volumetric flask, wash the container and residue with a small amount of methanol in portions, combine the washings in the same volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely draw 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于1.7%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of hesperidin (C28H34O15) should not be less than 1.7%.

饮片 Prepared slices

橘红 Tangerine Peel

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切碎。
Eliminate Foreign matter, cut into pieces.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent, bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气宽中，燥湿化痰。
To regulate qi, invigorate the middle, dry dampness, and transform phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于咳嗽痰多，食积伤酒，呕恶痞闷。
Used for cough with excessive phlegm, food stagnation due to alcohol consumption, and vomiting, nausea, and stuffiness in the chest.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect against moth.

注∶栽培变种主要有大红袍 Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’、福橘 Citrus reticulata ‘Tangerina’。
Note: The main cultivated varieties include 'Dahongpao' Citrus reticulata and 'Tangerina' Citrus reticulata.

橘红

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥外层果皮。秋末冬初果实成熟后采收，用刀削下外果皮，晒干或阴干。
Red Tangerine Peel is the dried exocarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae). The ripe fruit is collected in late autumn and early winter, the exocarp is splited and collected, dried in the sun or in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈长条形或不规则薄片状，边缘皱缩向内卷曲。外表面黄棕色或橙红色，存放后呈棕褐色，密布黄白色突起或凹下的油室。内表面黄白色，密布凹下透光小圆点。质脆易碎。气芳香，味微苦、麻。
Long stripes or irregular thin slices, margin shrunken and curved inward. The outer surface yellowish-brown or orange-red, becoming brown on storage, with numerous yellowish-white protruding or dented-dotted oil cavities. The inner surface yellowish-white, with numerous sunken and transparent small spots. Texture fragile, easily broken. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and numb.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡黄棕色。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形、类方形或长方形，垂周壁增厚，气孔类圆形，直径18～26μm，副卫细胞不清晰；侧面观外被角质层，径向壁的外侧增厚。油室碎片的外围薄壁细胞壁微增厚。草酸钙方晶成片存在于薄壁组织中。
（2）取本品粉末0.3g，加甲醇10ml，加热回流20分钟，滤过，取续滤液5ml，浓缩至1ml，作为供试品溶液。另取橙皮苷对照品，加甲醇制成饱和溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μ1，分别点于同一用0.5%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（100：17：13）为展开剂，展开约3cm，取出，晾干，再以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水（20：10：1：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展至约8cm，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（40：60）为流动相；检测波长为284mn。理论板数按橙皮苷峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and methanol and water (40:60) as the mobile phase. The wavelength of the detector is 284 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 2000, calculated with reference to the peak of hesperidin.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取橙皮苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含60μg的溶液，即得。
Weigh accurately a quantity of hesperidin CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 60 μg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，加甲醇20ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，转移至50ml量瓶中，用少量甲醇分次洗涤容器和残渣，洗液并入同一量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately about 0.2 g of the powder (through No.4 sieve), add 20 ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 1 hour, allow to cool, transfer to a 50 ml volumetric flask, wash the container and the residue with a little of methanol for several times, add the washings to the same volumetric flask, add methanol to the volume, mix well, filter, collect the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution respectively into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含橙皮苷（C28H34O15）不得少于1.7%。
It contains not less than 1.7 per cent of hesperidin (C28H34O15), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

橘红 Red Tangerine Peel

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, cut into slices.

性 Property

辛、苦，温。
Warm; pungent, bitter.

味 Flavor

苦、麻。
Bitter, numb.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气宽中，燥湿化痰。
To regulate qi, soothe the middle, dry dampness and resolve phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于咳嗽痰多，食积伤酒，呕噁痞闷。
Cough and profuse sputum, food retention, alcohol damage, vomiting, nausea, stuffiness and oppression.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
N/A.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.

注：栽培变种主要有大红袍Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’、福橘 Citrus reticulata ‘Tangerina’。
Note: The main cultivars are Citrus reticulata ‘Da-hongpao’ and Citrus reticulata ‘Tangerina’.