化橘红

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为芸香科植物化州柚Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’或柚Citrus grandis (L.)Osbeck的未成熟或近成熟的干燥外层果皮。前者习称“毛橘红”，后者习称“光七爪”、“光五爪”。夏季果实未成熟时采收，置沸水中略烫后，将果皮割成5或7瓣，除去果瓤和部分中果皮，压制成形，干燥。
Citrus Grandis Exocarp is the dried immature or nearly mature exocarp of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ or Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Fam. Rutaceae). The former is commonly known as "Maojuhong" and the latter is commonly known as "Guangqizhao" or "Guangwuzhao". The drug is collected in summer when the fruit is immature, scalded briefly in boiling water, cut into 5 or 7 segments, removing the pulp and part of the mesocarp, pressed into shape, and dried.

性状 Description

化州柚 tomentose pummelo flower

呈对折的七角或展平的五角星状，单片呈柳叶形。完整者展平后直径15～28cm，厚0.2～0.5cm。外表面黄绿色，密布茸毛，有皱纹及小油室；内表面黄白色或淡黄棕色，有脉络纹。质脆，易折断，断面不整齐，外缘有1列不整齐的下凹的油室，内侧稍柔而有弹性。气芳香，味苦、微辛。
It is a folded seven-angle or flattened five-angle star, and the single piece is willow-shaped. The diameter was 15 ~ 28 cm and the thickness was 0.2 ~ 0.5 cm. The outer surface is yellow-green, densely hairy, with wrinkles and small oil chambers ; the inner surface is yellow-white or light yellow-brown, with vein lines. It is brittle, easy to break, and the section is not neat. There is a row of irregular concave oil chambers on the outer edge, and the inner side is slightly soft and elastic. Aroma, bitter, slightly spicy.

柚 pummelo fruit

外表面黄绿色至黄棕色，无毛。
The outer surface is yellowish green to yellowish brown, hairless.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末暗绿色至棕色。中果皮薄壁细胞形状不规则，壁不均匀增厚，有的作连珠状或在角隅处特厚。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形、类方形或长方形，垂周壁增厚，气孔类圆形，直径18～31μm，副卫细胞5～7个，侧面观外被角质层，靠外方的径向壁增厚。偶见碎断的非腺毛，碎段细胞多至十数个，最宽处直径约33μm，具壁疣或外壁光滑、内壁粗糙，胞腔内含淡黄色或棕色颗粒状物。草酸钙方晶成片或成行存在于中果皮薄壁细胞中，呈多面形、菱形、棱柱形、长方形或形状不规则，直径1～32μm，长5～40μm。导管为螺纹导管和网纹导管。偶见石细胞及纤维。
(1) The powder of this drug is dark green to brown. The thin-walled cells of the mesocarp are irregular in shape, with unevenly thickened walls, some of which are in clusters or particularly thick at the corners. The epidermal cells of the pericarp are polygonal, square-like, or rectangular in shape on the surface, with thickened radial walls, stomata-like circular, with a diameter of 18-31 μm, and 5-7 subsidiary cells. The outer side of the cells is covered with a cuticle layer, and the radial walls on the outer side are thickened. Occasionally, broken non-glandular hairs are seen, with several broken cell fragments, the widest diameter is about 33 μm, with wall warts or smooth outer walls and rough inner walls, and the cell cavity contains pale yellow or brownish granular substances. Calcium oxalate prisms are present in the form of plates or rows in the thin-walled cells of the mesocarp, with a polyhedral, rhombic, prismatic, rectangular, or irregular shape, with a diameter of 1-32 μm and a length of 5-40 μm. There are spiral vessels and reticulate vessels. Occasionally, stone cells and fibers are seen.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇5ml，超声处理15分钟，离心，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取柚皮苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一高效硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-丙酮-冰醋酸-水（8:4:0.3:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，在105℃加热1分钟，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 5ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes, centrifuge, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Take the naringin reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using high-performance silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-acetone-glacial acetic acid-water (8:4:0.3:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 5% solution of aluminum chloride in ethanol, heat at 105°C for 1 minute, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过11.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the assay by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-醋酸-水（35:4:61）为流动相；检测波长为283nm。理论板数按柚皮苷峰计算应不低于1000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; use methanol-acetic acid-water (35:4:61) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 283nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of naringin should not be less than 1000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取柚皮苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含60μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of naringin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 60μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，水浴加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液5ml，置50ml量瓶中，加50%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of methanol, weigh, heat reflux for 1 hour in a water bath, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 5ml of the filtrate, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, add 50% methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately aspirate 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含柚皮苷（C27H32O14）不得少于3.5%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of naringin (C27H32O14) should not be less than 3.5%.

饮片 Prepared slices

化橘红 Citrus Grandis Exocarp

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，闷润，切丝或块，晒干。
Remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into shreds or pieces, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent, bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气宽中，燥湿化痰。
To regulate qi, invigorate the middle, dry dampness, and transform phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于咳嗽痰多，食积伤酒，呕恶痞闷。
Used for cough with excessive phlegm, food stagnation due to alcohol consumption, and vomiting, nausea, and stuffiness in the chest.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, and protect against moth.

化橘红

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为芸香科植物化州柚Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’或柚Citrus grandis（L.）Osbeck的未成熟或近成熟的干燥外层果皮。前者习称"毛橘红"，后者习称"光七爪"、"光五爪"。夏季果实未成熟时采收，置沸水中略烫后，将果皮割成5或7瓣，除去果瓤和部分中果皮，压制成形，干燥。
Pummelo Peel is the dried exocarp of unripe or almost ripe Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ or Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Fam. Rutaceae). The former is commonly known as “Maojuhong”, and the latter “Guangqizhua” or “Guangwuzhua”. The drug is collected in summer when the fruit is unripe, treated with boiling water for a moment, and the exocarp is cut into five or seven valves, removed from the emergence and parts of mesocarp, compressed to a definite shape, and dried.

性状 Description

化州柚 呈对折的七角或展平的五角星状，单片呈柳叶形。完整者展平后直径15～28cm，厚0.2～0.5cnu外表面黄绿色，密布茸毛，有皱纹及小油室；内表面黄白色或淡黄棕色，有脉络纹。质脆，易折断，断面不整齐，外缘有1列不整齐的下凹的油室，内侧稍柔而有弹性。气芳香，味苦、微辛。
Exocarp of Citrus grandis Opposite-foldly septangular-shaped or spreadly pentaanghlar-shaped, the single piece willow leaf-shaped When whole, 15-28 cm in diameter when spread, 2-5 mm thick. Outer surface yellowish-green, densely pubescent, with wrinkles and small oil cavities; inner surface yellowish-white or pale yellowish-brown, with veins striations. Texture fragile, easily broken, fracture uneven, with one row of uneven and sunken oil cavities in the outer border, the inner part slightly soft and elastic. Odour, aromatic; taste, bitter and slightly pungent.

柚
外表面黄绿色至黄棕色，无毛。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末暗绿色至棕色。中果皮薄壁细胞形状不规则，壁不均匀增厚，有的作连珠状或在角隅处特厚。果皮表皮细胞表面观多角形、类方形或长方形，垂周壁增厚，气孔类圆形，直径18～31μm，副卫细胞5～7个，侧面观外被角质层，靠外方的径向壁增厚。偶见碎断的非腺毛，碎段细胞多至十数个，最宽处直径约33μm，具壁疣或外壁光滑、内壁粗糙，胞腔内含淡黄色或棕色颗粒状物。草酸钙方晶成片或成行存在于中果皮薄壁细胞中，呈多面形、菱形、棱柱形、长方形或形状不规则，直径1～32μm，长5～40 μm。导管为螺纹导管和网纹导管。偶见石细胞及纤维。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇5ml，超声处理15分钟，离心，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取柚皮苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一高效硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-丙酮-冰醋酸-水（8：4：0.3：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，在105℃加热1分钟，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过11.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 11.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
测定法

饮片 Prepared slices

化橘红 Pummelo Peel

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，闷润，切丝或块，晒干。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slivers or pieces, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

辛、苦，温。
Warm; pungent and bitter.

味 Flavor

苦、微辛。
Bitter and slightly pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气宽中，燥湿化痰。
To regulate qi, soothe the middle, dry dampness and resolve phlegm.

主治 Indications

用于咳嗽痰多，食积伤酒，呕恶痞闷。
Cough and profuse sputum, food retention and liquor damage, vomiting, nausea, stuffiness and oppression.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.