五味子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.）Baill.的干燥成熟果实。习称“北五味子”。秋季果实成熟时采摘，晒干或蒸后晒干，除去果梗和杂质。
Schisandra Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe, dried in the sun or steamed and then dried, and the stalks and impurities are removed.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的球形或扁球形，直径5～8 mm。表面红色、紫红色或暗红色，皱缩，显油润；有的表面呈黑红色或出现“白霜”。果肉柔软，种子1～2，肾形，表面棕黄色，有光泽，种皮薄而脆。果肉气微，味酸；种子破碎后，有香气，味辛、微苦。
Fruits irregularly spherical or compressed spherical, 5-8 mm in diameter. Surface red, purplish-red or dark red, wrinkled, oily; some with blackish-red surface or "white frost". Flesh soft; seed 1-2, reniform, surface brownish-yellow, glossy; testa thin and brittle. Odour, slight; taste, sour; seed, when crushed, aromatic, pungent and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：外果皮为1列方形或长方形细胞，壁稍厚，外被角质层，散有油细胞；中果皮薄壁细胞10余列，含淀粉粒，散有小型外韧型维管束；内果皮为1列小方形薄壁细胞。种皮最外层为1列径向延长的石细胞，壁厚，纹孔和孔沟细密；其下为数列类圆形、三角形或多角形石细胞，纹孔较大；石细胞层下为数列薄壁细胞，种脊部位有维管束；油细胞层为1列长方形细胞，含棕黄色油滴；再下为3～5列小形细胞；种皮内表皮为1列小细胞，壁稍厚，胚乳细胞含脂肪油滴及糊粉粒。
(1) Transverse section of this product: exocarp is 1 column of square or rectangular cells, slightly thick walled, covered with cuticle, scattered oil cells; mesocarp thin-walled cells more than 10 columns, containing starch granules, scattered small external tough vascular bundles; endocarp is 1 column of small square thin-walled cells. The outermost layer of the testa is 1 row of radially prolonged stone cells, thick walled, with fine pores and pore grooves; underneath are several rows of rounded, triangular or polygonal stone cells, with larger pores; under the stone cell layer are several rows of thin-walled cells, with vascular bundles at the ridges of the seeds; under the layer of oil cells is 1 row of rectangular cells containing brownish-yellow oil droplets; underneath are 3 to 5 rows of small-shaped cells; under the inner epidermis of the testa is 1 row of small cells, with a slightly thicker wall, and endosperm cells containing fat Endosperm cells contain fat droplets and paste powder grains.

粉末暗紫色。种皮表皮石细胞表面观呈多角形或长多角形，直径18～50 μm，壁厚，孔沟极细密，胞腔内含深棕色物。种皮内层石细胞呈多角形、类圆形或不规则形，直径约至83 μm，壁稍厚，纹孔较大。果皮表皮细胞表面观类多角形，垂周壁略呈连珠状增厚，表面有角质线纹；表皮中散有油细胞。中果皮细胞皱缩，含暗棕色物，并含淀粉粒。
Powder dark purple. The epidermal stone cells of the testa are polygonal or long polygonal in surface view, 18-50 μm in diameter, thick-walled, with very fine pore grooves, and dark brown material in the cell cavities. The stone cells of the inner layer of the testa are polygonal, rounded or irregularly shaped, with a diameter of about 83 μm, a slightly thicker wall and larger pores. The epidermal cells of the pericarp are polygonal, with a slightly thickened pericyclic wall and keratin lines on the surface; oil cells are scattered in the epidermis. The mesocarp cells are wrinkled, contain dark brown material, and contain starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加三氯甲烷20 ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烷1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取五味子对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取五味子甲素对照品，加三氯甲烷制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（15∶5∶1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1 g of powder, add 20 ml of trichloromethane, heat and reflux for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add 1 ml of trichloromethane to dissolve, as a test solution. Take 1 g of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis control herb, and make control herb solution by the same method. Then take Schisandra chinensis control, add trichloromethane to make a solution containing 1 mg per 1 ml, as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 2 μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, with petroleum ether (30-60 ℃) - ethyl formate - formic acid (15:5:1) of the upper layer of the solution as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet lamp (254 nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, spots of the same colour were shown in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control herb and the chromatogram of the control article.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过1%（通则2301）。
Not more than 1.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（65∶35）为流动相；检测波长为250 nm。理论板数按五味子醇甲峰计算应不低于2000。
Using octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; using methanol-water (65:35) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 250 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of schisandrin should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取五味子醇甲对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含五味子醇甲0.3 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of schisandrin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.3mg of schisandrin per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.25 g，精密称定，置20 ml量瓶中，加甲醇约18 ml，超声处理（功率250 W，频率20 kHz）20分钟，取出，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.25 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a 20 ml volumetric flask, add about 18ml of methanol, ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 20 kHz) for 20 minutes, take out, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely draw 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determine, and obtain the result.

本品含五味子醇甲（C24H32O7）不得少于0.40%。
The content of schisandrin (C24H32O7) in this product should not be less than 0.40%.

饮片 Prepared slices

五味子 Schisandra

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Remove impurities. Crush when used.

性状 Appearance

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

醋五味子 Vinegar-processed Schisandra

炮制 Processing

取净五味子，照醋蒸法（通则0213）蒸至黑色。用时捣碎。
Take clean schisandra, steam according to the vinegar steaming method <0213> until black. Crush when used.

性状 Appearance

本品形如五味子，表面乌黑色，油润，稍有光泽。有醋香气。
This product is similar to schisandra, with a black surface, oily and slightly glossy. It has a vinegar aroma.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于28.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 28.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

（2）同药材。
(2)Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

毒性 Toxicity

无。
None.

味 Flavor

酸、甘。
Sour, sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、心、肾经。
Meridian tropism: Lung, heart, and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

收敛固涩，益气生津，补肾宁心。
Astringe and consolidate, tonify qi and generate fluid, nourish the kidney and calm the mind.

主治 Indications

用于久嗽虚喘，梦遗滑精，遗尿尿频，久泻不止，自汗盗汗，津伤口渴，内热消渴，心悸失眠。
Used for chronic cough and wheezing, nocturnal emission and spermatorrhea, frequent urination and enuresis, intractable diarrhea, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, thirst due to fluid injury, internal heat and polydipsia, palpitations and insomnia.

用量 Dosage

2～6 g。
2-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and prevent mold.

五味子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.）Baill.的干燥成熟果实。习称"北五味子"。秋季果实成熟时采摘，晒干或蒸后晒干，除去果梗和杂质。
Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Barll (Fam. Magnoliaceae). The drug is known as “Bei Wuweizi" (Northern Magnoliavine Fruit). The drug is collected in autumn when ripe, dried in the sun or after steamed, removed from stalk and foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的球形或扁球形，直径5～8mm。表面红色、紫红色或暗红色，皱缩，显油润；有的表面呈黑红色或出现"白霜"。果肉柔软，种子1～2，肾形，表面棕黄色，有光泽，种皮薄而脆。果肉气微，味酸；种子破碎后，有香气，味辛、微苦。
Irregularly spheroidal or flattened spheroidal, 5- 8 mm in diameter. Externally red, purplish-red or dark red, shrunken, oily, with soft pulp, sometimes externally blackish-red or covered with “white frost’’. Seeds 1-2, reniform, externally brownish-yellow, lustrous, testa thin and fragile. Odour of pulp, slight； taste, sour. Odour of seeds, aromatic on crushing； taste pungent and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：外果皮为1列方形或长方形细胞，壁稍厚，外被角质层，散有油细胞；中果皮薄壁细胞10余列，含淀粉粒，散有小型外韧型维管束；内果皮为1列小方形薄壁细胞。种皮最外层为1列径向延长的石细胞，壁厚，纹孔和孔沟细密；其下为数列类圆形、三角形或多角形石细胞，纹孔较大；石细胞层下为数列薄壁细胞，种脊部位有维管束；油细胞层为1列长方形细胞，含棕黄色油滴；再下为3～5列小型细胞；种皮内表皮为1列小细胞，壁稍厚，胚乳细胞含脂肪油滴及糊粉粒。
粉末暗紫色。种皮表皮石细胞表面观呈多角形或长多角形，直径18～50μm，壁厚，孔沟极细密，胞腔内含深棕色物。种皮内层石细胞呈多角形、类圆形或不规则形，直径约至83μm，壁稍厚，纹孔较大。果皮表皮细胞表面观类多角形，垂周壁略呈连珠状增厚，表面有角质线纹；表皮中散有油细胞。中果皮细胞皱缩，含暗棕色物，并含淀粉粒。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过1%（通则2301）。
Not more than 1 per cent <2301 >.

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16. 0 percent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7. 0 percent<2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（65：35）为流动相；检测波长为250nm。理论板数按五味子醇甲峰计算应不低于2000。

对照品溶液的制备
取五味子醇甲对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含五味子醇甲0.3mg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.25g，精密称定，置20ml量瓶中，加甲醇约18ml，超声处理（功率250W，频率20kHz）20分钟，取出，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品含五味子醇甲（C24H32O7）不得少于0.40%。
It contains not less than 0.40 per cent of schisandrin (C24H32O7).

饮片 Prepared slices

五味子 Schisandrae Fructus

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter. Break into pieces before use.

性状 Description

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

（水分 总灰分）
（Water and Total ash）

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

醋五味子 Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus

炮制 Processing

取净五味子，照醋蒸法（通则0213）蒸至黑色。用时捣碎。
Steam the clean Schisandrae Fructus as described under the method for steaming with vinegar <0213> until the drug becomes black in colour. Break into pieces before use.

性状 Description

本品形如五味子，表面乌黑色，油润，稍有光泽。有醋香气。
Similar to Schisandrae Fructus slices in shape, externally black, oily, somewhat lustrous. Odour, vinegar-aromatic.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于28.0%。
Carry out the hot extraction method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201>, using ethanol as solvent, not less than 28. 0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

（水分 总灰分）
（Water and Total ash）

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

酸、甘，温。归肺、心、肾经。
Warm； sour and sweet. Meridian tropism Lung, heart and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

收敛固涩，益气生津，补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘，梦遗滑精，遗尿尿频，久泻不止，自汗盗汗，津伤口渴，内热消渴，心悸失眠。
To astringe and secure, tonify qi, engender fluid, tonify the kidney and calm the heart. Indications Chronic cough, dyspnea of deficiency type, dream emission, spermatorrhea, enuresis, frequent urination, chronic diarrhea, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, thirst caused by fluid comsumption, interior heat was ting-thirst, palpitations and insomnia.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

2～6g。
2-6 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect form moud.