芦荟

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物库拉索芦荟Aloe barbadensis Miller、好望角芦荟Aloe ferox Miller或其他同属近缘植物叶的汁液浓缩干燥物。前者习称“老芦荟”，后者习称“新芦荟”。
Aloe is the concentrated and dried juice of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller, Aloe ferox Miller, or other closely related plants in the family Liliaceae. The former is commonly known as "old aloe" and the latter as "new aloe".

性状 Description

库拉索芦荟 Curacao Aloe Vera

呈不规则块状，常破裂为多角形，大小不一。表面呈暗红褐色或深褐色，无光泽。体轻，质硬，不易破碎，断面粗糙或显麻纹。富吸湿性。有特殊臭气，味极苦。
Aloe vera is irregularly shaped, often breaking into polygons of various sizes. The surface is dark reddish-brown or dark brown, without luster. It is light in weight, hard in texture, not easily broken, and has a rough or mottled fracture surface. It has strong moisture absorption. It has a distinctive odor and a very bitter taste.

好望角芦荟 Cape of Good Hope Aloe Vera

表面呈暗褐色，略显绿色，有光泽。体轻，质松，易碎，断面玻璃样而有层纹。
Aloe ferox has a dark brown surface, slightly greenish and glossy. It is light in weight, loose in texture, fragile, and has a glass-like fracture surface with layered patterns.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末0.5g，加水50ml，振摇，滤过，取滤液5ml，加硼砂0.2g，加热使溶解，取溶液数滴，加水30ml，摇匀，显绿色荧光，置紫外光灯（365nm）下观察，显亮黄色荧光；再取滤液2ml，加硝酸2ml，摇匀，库拉索芦荟显棕红色，好望角芦荟显黄绿色；再取滤液2ml，加等量饱和溴水，生成黄色沉淀。
(1) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 50ml of water, shake, filter, take 5ml of the filtrate, add 0.2g of borax, heat to dissolve, take a few drops of the solution, add 30ml of water, shake well, show green fluorescence, observe under ultraviolet light (365nm), show bright yellow fluorescence; then take 2ml of the filtrate, add 2ml of nitric acid, shake well, Aloe vera shows brownish-red color, Aloe ferox shows yellow-green color; then take 2ml of the filtrate, add an equal amount of saturated bromine water, and generate a yellow precipitate.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇20ml，置水浴上加热至沸，振摇数分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取芦荟苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μ1，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（100：17：13）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%氢氧化钾甲醇溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 20ml of methanol, heat on a water bath to boiling, shake for a few minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Take another aloe-emodin reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 5mg per ml, and use it as the reference solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> by taking 5μl of each of the above two solutions, spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate-methanol-water (100:17:13) as the developing agent, develop, take out, dry, spray with a 10% potassium hydroxide methanol solution, and observe under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test solution, there are fluorescent spots of the same color at the corresponding positions as in the chromatogram of the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
The determination is performed by high-performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相；检测波长为355nm。理论板数按芦荟苷峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (25:75) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 355nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of aloe-emodin should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取芦荟苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of aloe-emodin reference substance, accurately weigh it, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取库拉索芦荟粉末（过五号筛）约0.1g（或好望角芦荟粉末约0.2g），精密称定，置100ml量瓶中，加入甲醇适量，超声处理（功率250W，频率33kHz）30分钟，放冷，加甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1g of Aloe vera powder (passed through a No. 5 sieve) (or about 0.2g of Aloe ferox powder), accurately weigh it, place it in a 100ml volumetric flask, add an appropriate amount of methanol, ultrasonicate (power 250W, frequency 33kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, dilute with methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely aspirate 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含芦荟苷（C21H22O9）库拉索芦荟不得少于16.0%，好望角芦荟不得少于6.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of aloe-emodin (C21H22O9) in Aloe vera should not be less than 16.0%, and in Aloe ferox should not be less than 6.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

芦荟 Aloe

炮制 Processing

砸成小块。
Smash into small pieces.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃、大肠经。
Liver, stomach, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

泻下通便，清肝泻火，杀虫疗疳。
To promote bowel movement, clear liver fire, kill parasites, and treat malnutrition.

主治 Indications

用于热结便秘，惊痫抽搐，小儿疳积;外治癣疮。
Used for heat-induced constipation, convulsions, malnutrition in children; externally used for tinea and sores.

用量 Dosage

2～5g，宜入丸散。
2-5g, preferably in pill or powder form.

用法 Administration

外用适量，研末敷患处。
For external use, apply an appropriate amount of powdered aloe to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Caution should be exercised in pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

芦荟

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物库拉索芦荟Aloe barbadensis Miller、好望角芦荟Aloe ferox Miller或其他同属近缘植物叶的汁液浓缩干燥物。前者习称“老芦荟”后者习称“新芦荟”。
Aloes is the dried concentrated matter obtained from the juice of the leaf of Aloe barbadensis Miller, Aloe ferox Miller or other species of the same genus. Aloe barbadensis is habitually known as “Old Aloes” and Aloe ferox is known as “New Aloes”.

性状 Description

库拉索芦荟呈不规则块状，常破裂为多角形，大小不一。表面呈暗红褐色或深褐色，无光泽。体轻，质硬，不易破碎，断面粗糙或显麻纹。富吸湿性。有特殊臭气，味极苦。
Old Aloes Irregular pieces, often broken, polygonal, varying in size. Externally dark reddish-brown or dark brown, lusterless. Texture light and hard, uneasily broken, fracture rough or with pockmarked striations; hygroscopic. Odour, characteristic; taste, very bitter.

好望角芦荟 表面呈暗褐色，略显绿色，有光泽。体轻，质松，易碎，断面玻璃样而有层纹。
New Aloes Externally dark brown, slightly green, lustrous. Texture light and lax, easily broken; fracture glassy, with striations.

鉴别 Identification

（1）取本品粉末O.5g，加水50ml，振摇，滤过，取滤液5ml，加硼砂0.2g，加热使溶解，取溶液数滴，加水30ml，摇匀，显绿色荧光，置紫外光灯（365nm）下观察，显亮黄色荧光；再取滤液2ml，加硝酸2ml，摇匀，库拉索芦荟显棕红色，好望角芦荟显黄绿色；再取滤液2ml，加等量饱和溴水，生成黄色沉淀。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇20ml，置水浴上加热至沸，振摇数分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取芦荟苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙-甲醇-水（100：17：13）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%氢氧化钾甲醇溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

(2)To 0.5 g of the powder, add 20 ml of methanol, boil on a water bath, shake for several minutes and filter, use the filtrate as the test solution. Dissolve aloin CRS in methanol to prepare a solution containing 5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol and water (100 : 17 : 13) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5μl of each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air and spray with a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. A fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0% （通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相；检测波长为355nm。理论板数按芦荟苷峰计算应不低于2000。

对照品溶液的制备
取芦荟苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取库拉素芦荟粉末（过五号筛）约0.1g（或好望角芦荟粉末约0.2g），精密称定，置100ml量瓶中，加入甲醇适量，超声处理（功率250W，频率33kHz）30分钟，放冷，加甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含芦荟苷（C21H22O9）库拉素芦荟不得少于16.0%，好望角芦荟不得少于6.0%。
It contains not less than 16.0 per cent of aloin (C21H22O9) for Aloe barbadensis, and not less than 6.0 per cent of aloin for Aloe ferox, calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

芦荟 Aloes

炮制 Processing

砸成小块。
Cut into small pieces.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦，寒。归肝、胃、大肠经。
Bitter, cold. Meridian tropism: Liver, stomach, and large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

泻下通便，清肝泻火，杀虫疗疳。用于热结便秘，惊痫抽搐，小儿疳积；外治癣疮。
To purge the intestines, open the bowels, clear the liver, purge fire, kill worms, and relieve malnutrition. Used for heat bind constipation, seizures and convulsions, infantile malnutrition with food retention; Topical application: tinea and sore.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

2～5g，宜入丸散。外用适量，研末敷患处。
2-5g, usually used in pills or powder. Appropriate amount for topical application, grind into powder and apply to the affected area.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.