马齿苋

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为马齿苋科植物马齿苋Portulaca oleracea L.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季采收，除去残根和杂质，洗净，略蒸或烫后晒干。
Purslane Herb is the dried aerial part of Portulaca oleracea L. (Fam. Portulacaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from residual roots and impurities, washed, slightly steamed or blanched, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩卷曲，常结成团。茎圆柱形，长可达30cm，直径0.1～0.2cm，表面黄褐色，有明显纵沟纹。叶对生或互生，易破碎，完整叶片倒卵形，长1～2.5cm，宽0.5～1.5cm；绿褐色，先端钝平或微缺，全缘。花小，3~5朵生于枝端，花瓣5，黄色。蒴果圆锥形，长约5mm，内含多数细小种子。气微，味微酸。
Purslane Herb is usually wrinkled, curled, and often clumped together. Stems are cylindrical, up to 30 cm long and 0.1-0.2 cm in diameter, with a yellow-brown surface and distinct longitudinal grooves. Leaves are opposite or alternate, fragile, and the intact leaf blade is inverted-ovate, 1-2.5 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide, green-brown, with a blunt or slightly notched apex and entire margin. Flowers are small, 3-5 in number, borne at the apex of branches, with 5 yellow petals. Capsules are conical, about 5 mm long, containing numerous small seeds. It has a slight odor and a slightly sour taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1） 本品粉末灰绿色。草酸钙簇晶众多，大小不一，直径7～108μm，大型簇晶的晶块较大，棱角钝。草酸钙方晶宽8～69μm，长至125μm，有的方晶堆砌成簇晶状。叶表皮细胞垂周壁弯曲或较平直，气孔平轴式。含晶细胞常位于维管束旁，内含细小草酸钙簇晶。内果皮石细胞大多成群，呈长梭形或长方形，壁稍厚，可见孔沟与纹孔。种皮细胞棕红色或棕黄色，表面观呈多角星状，表面密布不整齐小突起。花粉粒类球形，直径48～65μm，表面具细刺状纹饰，萌发孔短横线状。
(1) The powder of Purslane Herb is grayish-green. Numerous calcium oxalate cluster crystals are present, varying in size with diameters of 7-108μm. The crystals in larger clusters are larger and have blunt edges. Calcium oxalate prisms are 8-69μm wide and up to 125μm long, and some prisms are stacked into cluster-like formations. Epidermal cells of the leaves have curved or relatively straight periclinal walls, and the stomata are paracytic. Crystal-containing cells are often located beside vascular bundles and contain small calcium oxalate cluster crystals. Most cells in the inner pericarp are grouped and are elongated or rectangular in shape, with slightly thickened walls and visible pits and grooves. Seed coat cells are reddish-brown or brownish-yellow, with a surface that appears as irregular star-shaped with uneven small protrusions. Pollen grains are spherical, with a diameter of 48-65μm, and have fine striae on the surface, with a short transverse germination pore.

（2） 取本品粉末2g，加水20ml，加甲酸调节pH值至3～4，冷浸3小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取马齿苋对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以水饱和正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（4∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以0.2%茚三酮乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 2g of the powder, add 20ml of water, adjust the pH value to 3-4 with formic acid, soak in cold for 3 hours, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5ml of water as the test solution. Take 2g of the reference herb of Purslane, prepare the reference herb solution using the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of water-saturated n-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (4:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-2μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 0.2% solution of anthrone in ethanol, heat at 110°C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference herb.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

饮片 Prepared slices

马齿苋 Purslane Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash clean, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Appearance

本品呈不规则的段。茎圆柱形，表面黄褐色，有明显纵沟纹。叶多破碎，完整者展平后呈倒卵形，先端钝平或微缺，全缘。蒴果圆锥形，内含多数细小种子。气微，味微酸。
This product is irregular in shape. The stem is cylindrical with a yellow-brown surface and obvious longitudinal grooves. The leaves are mostly broken, and when flattened, they are inverted-ovate with a blunt or slightly notched apex and entire margin. The fruit is conical with numerous small seeds inside. It has a slight odor and a slightly sour taste.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过9.0%。
Not more than 9.0 per cent, same as the medicinal material.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the medicinal material.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

酸。
Sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、大肠经。
Belongs to the liver and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，凉血止血，止痢。
To clear heat and detoxify, cool blood and stop bleeding, and stop diarrhea.

主治 Indications

用于热毒血痢，痈肿疔疮，湿疹，丹毒，蛇虫咬伤，便血，痔血，崩漏下血。
Used for dysentery with heat and toxins, abscesses and sores, eczema, erysipelas, snake and insect bites, bloody stools, bleeding hemorrhoids, and excessive menstrual bleeding.

用量 Dosage

9～15 g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量捣敷患处。
For external use, appropriate amount is pounded and applied to the affected area.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and keep away from moisture.

马齿苋

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为马齿苋科植物马齿苋Portulaca oleracea L.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季采收，除去残根和杂质，洗净，略蒸或烫后晒干。
Purslane Herb is the dried aerial part of Portulaca oleracea L. (Fam. Portulacaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from remains of roots and foreign matter, washed clean, steamed briefly or treated with boiling water, and then dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩卷曲，常结成团。茎圆柱形，长可达30cm，直径0.1～0.2cm，表面黄褐色，有明显纵沟纹。叶对生或互生，易破碎，完整叶片倒卵形，长1～2.5cm，宽0.5～1.5cm；绿褐色，先端钝平或微缺，全缘。花小，3～5朵生于枝端，花瓣5，黄色。蒴果圆锥形，长约5mm，内含多数细小种子。气微，味微酸。
Mostly crumpled and rolled into masses. Stems cylindrical, up to 30 cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; externally yellowish-brown, distinctly furrowed longitudinally. Leaves opposite or alternate, easily broken, when whole, obovate, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; greenish-brown, obtuse or slightly notched at the apex, margin entire. Flowers small, 3-5, terminal at branchlets, petals 5, yellow. Capsules conical, about 5 mm long, with many minute seeds. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰绿色。草酸钙簇晶众多，大小不一，直径7～108μm，大型簇晶的晶块较大，棱角钝。草酸钙方晶宽8～69μm，长至125μm，有的方晶堆砌成簇晶状。叶表皮细胞垂周壁弯曲或较平直，气孔平轴式。含晶细胞常位于维管束旁，内含细小草酸钙簇晶。内果皮石细胞大多成群，呈长梭形或长方形，壁稍厚，可见孔沟与纹孔。种皮细胞棕红色或棕黄色，表面观呈多角星状，表面密布不整齐小突起。花粉粒类球形，直径48～65μm，表面具细刺状纹饰，萌发孔短横线状。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加水20ml，加甲酸调节pH值至3～4，冷浸3小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取马齿苋对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以水饱和正丁醇-冰醋酸-水（4：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以0.2%茚三酮乙醇溶液，在110℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

本品呈不规则的段。茎圆柱形，表面黄褐色，有明显纵沟纹。叶多破碎，完整者展平后呈倒卵形，先端钝平或微缺，全缘。蒴果圆锥形，内含多数细小种子。气微，味微酸。
Irregular sections. Stems cylindrical, externally yellowish-brown, distinctly furrowed longitudinally. Leaves mostly broken, when whole, obovate, obtuse or slightly notched at the apex, margin entire. Capsules conical, with many minute seeds. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过9.0%。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

酸，寒。归肝、大肠经。
Cold; sour. Liver and large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

清热解毒，凉血止血，止痢。
To clear heat, remove toxin, cool the blood, stop bleeding, and stop dysentery.

主治 Indications

用于热毒血痢，痈肿疔疮，湿疹，丹毒，蛇虫咬伤，便血，痔血，崩漏下血。
Heat-toxin blood dysentery, swelling abscess, deep-rooted boil and sore, eczema, erysipelas, bites of insect, worm or snake, bloody stool, hemorrhoid bleeding, and menstrual flooding and spotting.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～15g。外用适量捣敷患处。
9-15 g. Appropriate amount for topical application, ground into paste for applyment.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.