小蓟

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物刺儿菜Cirsium setosum（Willd.）MB.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季花开时采割，除去杂质，晒干。
Cirsii Herb is the dried aerial part of Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn when the flowers are in bloom, removed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品茎呈圆柱形，有的上部分枝，长5～30 cm，直径0.2～0.5 cm；表面灰绿色或带紫色，具纵棱及白色柔毛；质脆，易折断，断面中空。叶互生，无柄或有短柄；叶片皱缩或破碎，完整者展平后呈长椭圆形或长圆状披针形，长3～12 cm，宽0.5～3 cm；全缘或微齿裂至羽状深裂，齿尖具针刺；上表面绿褐色，下表面灰绿色，两面均具白色柔毛。头状花序单个或数个顶生；总苞钟状，苞片5～8层，黄绿色；花紫红色。气微，味微苦。
Stems cylindrical, some with branches at the upper part, 5-30 cm long, 2-5 mm in diameter; externally greyish-green or purplish, with longitudinal ridges and white pubescence; texture brittle, easily broken, hollow in the centre. Leaves alternate, sessile or with short petioles; lamina crumpled or broken, when whole, elongate-elliptical or lanceolate, 3-12 cm long, 0.5-3 cm wide; entire or slightly dentate, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect, with spinous teeth at the apex; upper surface greenish-brown, lower surface greyish-green, both surfaces with white pubescence. Capitula solitary or several in a terminal corymb; involucre campanulate, with 5-8 layers of bracts, yellowish-green; florets purplish-red. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面观：上表皮细胞多角形，垂周壁平直，表面角质纹理明显；下表皮垂周壁波状弯曲，上下表皮均有气孔及非腺毛。气孔不定式或不等式。非腺毛3～10余细胞，顶端细胞细长呈鞭状，皱缩扭曲。叶肉细胞中含草酸钙结晶，多呈针簇状。
(1) Epidermal cells of the leaf surface: polygonal in shape, straight in anticlinal walls, with distinct cuticular striations on the surface; periclinal walls of the lower epidermis wavy; both epidermises with stomata and non-glandular hairs. Stomata anisocytic or anomocytic. Non-glandular hairs consisting of 3-10 cells, with elongated whip-like terminal cells, wrinkled and twisted. Calcium oxalate crystals in the mesophyll cells, mostly in clusters of needles.

（2）取本品粉末0.5 g，加甲醇5 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取小蓟对照药材0.5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蒙花苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1 μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以乙酰丙酮-丁酮-乙醇-水（1∶3∶3∶13）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，晾干，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 0.5 g of the powder add 5 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5 g of the reference herb of Cirsii Herb, prepare the reference herb solution in the same manner. Take oleanolic acid CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide film as the coating substance and a mixture of acetone-butanol-ethanol-water (1:3:3:13) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of aluminium chloride, dry in air, examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the test solution, the reference herb solution, and the reference solution correspond in position and colour.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于19.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 19.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.5%醋酸溶液（55∶45）为流动相；检测波长为326 nm。理论板数按蒙花苷峰计算应不低于1500。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.5% acetic acid solution (55:45) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 326 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of luteolin should not be less than 1500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取蒙花苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.1 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of luteolin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1 mg per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇10 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率100 W，频率40 kHz）15分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 10 ml of methanol, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 100 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 15 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 5 μl each of control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and then determine, it is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含蒙花苷（C28H32O14）不得少于0.70%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of luteolin (C28H32O14) should not be less than 0.70 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

小蓟 Small Thistle

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。茎呈圆柱形，表面灰绿色或带紫色，具纵棱和白色柔毛。切面中空。叶片多皱缩或破碎，叶齿尖具针刺；两面均具白色柔毛。头状花序，总苞钟状；花紫红色。气微，味苦。
The product is in irregular segments. The stem is cylindrical, with a grey-green or purplish surface, longitudinally ribbed and white pilose. The cut surface is hollow. Leaf blade much wrinkled or broken, leaf teeth pointed with needle spines; both surfaces with white pilose. Heads, involucres campanulate; flowers purplish red. Gas faint, taste bitter.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。不得少于14.0%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 14.0%.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

小蓟炭 Cirsii Herba(carbonized)

炮制 Processing

取净小蓟段，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至黑褐色。
Take the pure artichoke segments, according to the method of stirring charcoal <0213> and stir-fry until dark brown.

性状 Description

本品形如小蓟段。表面黑褐色，内部焦褐色。
This product is shaped like a small artichoke segment. The surface is blackish brown and the interior is burnt brown.

鉴别 Identification

（除叶表面观外）同药材。
(except for leaf surface view) Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

毒性 Toxicity

无。
None.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet, bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝经。
Heart and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

凉血止血，散瘀解毒消痈。
To cool blood and stop bleeding, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, detoxify and disperse abscesses.

主治 Indications

用于衄血，吐血，尿血，血淋，便血，崩漏，外伤出血，痈肿疮毒。
Used for bleeding, vomiting blood, hematuria, blood stranguria, bloody stool, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, bleeding from external injuries, carbuncle and swelling, and sores and abscesses.

用量 Dosage

5～12 g。
5-12 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

小蓟

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物刺儿菜Cirsium setosum（Willd.）MB.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季花开时采割，除去杂质，晒干。
Field Thistle Herb is the dried aerial part of Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn at flowering, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品茎呈圆柱形，有的上部分枝，长5～30cm，直径0.2～0.5cm；表面灰绿色或带紫色，具纵棱及白色柔毛；质脆，易折断，断面中空。叶互生，无柄或有短柄；叶片皱缩或破碎，完整者展平后呈长椭圆形或长圆状披针形，长3～12cm，宽0.5～3cm；全缘或微齿裂至羽状深裂，齿尖具针剌；上表面绿褐色，下表面灰绿色，两面均具白色柔毛。头状花序单个或数个顶生；总苞钟状，苞片5～8层，黄绿色；花紫红色。气微，味微苦。
Stems cylindrical, sometimes branched at the upper part, 5-30 cm long, 2-5 mm in diameter； externally greyish-green or purplish, with longitudinal ridges and white pubescences; texture fragile, easily broken, fracture hollowed. Leaves alternate, sessile or short petioled； lamina crumpled or broken, when whole, long-elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, 3-12 cm long, 0.5-3 cm wide； margin entire or serrulate to pinnatipartite, the tips of serrations spinescent； the upper surface greenish-brown and the lower surface greyish-green, white-pubescent on both surfaces. Capitulum solitary or several terminal, involucres campanulate, bracts 5-8 layers, yellowish-green； flowers purplish-red. Odour, slight； taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面观：上表皮细胞多角形，垂周壁平直，表面角质纹理明显；下表皮垂周壁波状弯曲，上下表皮均有气孔及非腺毛。气孔不定式或不等式。非腺毛3～10余细胞，顶端细胞细长呈鞭状，皱缩扭曲。叶肉细胞中含草酸钙结晶，多呈针族状。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇5ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取小蓟对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蒙花苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以乙酰丙酮-丁酮-乙醇-水（1：3：3：13）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent<0832, method 2>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent<2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于19.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201 , the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol TS as the solvent, not less than 19.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.5%醋酸溶液（55：45）为流动相；检测波长为326nm。理论板数按蒙花苷峰计算应不低于1500。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid (55:45) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 326 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 1500, calculated with reference to the peak of buddeoside.

对照品溶液的制备 取蒙花苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of buddeoside CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to prepare a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇10ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率100W，频率40kHz）15分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0.1 g of the powder (through No.4 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 10 ml of methanol, and weigh. Ultrasonicate (power 100 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 15 minutes, cool, weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with methanol, mix well, and filter. Use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 5 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含蒙花苷（C28H32O14）不得少于0.70%。
It contains not less than 0.70 per cent of buddeoside (C28H32O14) , calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

小蓟 Field Thistle

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry.

本品呈不规则的段。茎呈圆柱形，表面灰绿色或带紫色，具纵棱和白色柔毛。切面中空。叶片多皱缩或破碎，叶齿尖具针刺；两面均具白色柔毛。头状花序，总苞钟状；花紫红色。气微，味苦。
Irregular sections. Stems cylindrical, externally greyish-green or purplish, with longitudinal ridges and white pubescences. Fracture hollowed. Leaves mostly crumpled or broken, the tips of serrations spinescent； white pubescent on both surfaces. Capitulum, involucres campanulate； flowers purplish-red Odour, slight； taste, bitter.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于14.0%。
Not less than 14.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】（水分酸不溶性灰分）【含量测定】同药材。
【Examination】(Water and Acid-insoluble ash)【Assay】As required for the crude drug.

小蓟炭 Carbonized Field Thistle

取净小蓟段，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至黑褐色。本品形如小蓟段。表面黑褐色，内部焦褐色。
Cirsii Herba (carbonized ) Stir-bake the sections of Cirsii Herba as described under the method for carbonizing by stir-baking 〈0213〉 until it becomes blackish-brown.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、苦，凉。归心、肝经。
Cool； sweet and bitter. Heart and liver meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

凉血止血，散瘀解毒消痈。用于衄血，吐血，尿血，血淋，便血，崩漏，外伤出血，痈肿疮毒。
To cool the blood, stanch bleeding, dissipate stasis, remove toxin and disperse abscesses. Epistaxis, hematemesis, hematuria, blood strangury, bloody stool, menstrual flooding and spotting, traumatic bleeding, swelling abscess, sore and skin infections.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

5～12g。
5-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.