川芎

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎。夏季当茎上的节盘显著突出，并略带紫色时采挖，除去泥沙，晒后烘干，再去须根。
Chuanxiong Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in summer when the nodes on the stem are significantly prominent and slightly purple, dug out, removed from mud and sand, dried in the sun, and then removed from rootlets.

性状 Description

本品为不规则结节状拳形团块，直径2～7cm。表面灰褐色或褐色，粗糙皱缩，有多数平行隆起的轮节，顶端有凹陷的类圆形茎痕，下侧及轮节上有多数小瘤状根痕。质坚实，不易折断，断面黄白色或灰黄色，散有黄棕色的油室，形成层环呈波状。气浓香，味苦、辛，稍有麻舌感，微回甜。
Rhizomes irregularly nodular, fist-shaped masses, 2-7 cm in diameter. Surface greyish-brown or brown, rough and wrinkled, with numerous parallel raised nodes, the top with a concave circular stem scar, the lower side and nodes with numerous small tuberous root scars. Texture hard, not easily broken, fracture yellowish-white or greyish-yellow, scattered with yellow-brown oil cells, forming a wavy ring. Odour, strong; taste, bitter, pungent, slightly tingling on the tongue, and slightly sweet aftertaste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为10余列细胞。皮层狭窄，散有根迹维管束，其形成层明显。韧皮部宽广，形成层环波状或不规则多角形。木质部导管多角形或类圆形，大多单列或排成“V”形，偶有木纤维束。髓部较大。薄壁组织中散有多数油室，类圆形、椭圆形或形状不规则，淡黄棕色，靠近形成层的油室小，向外渐大；薄壁细胞中富含淀粉粒，有的薄壁细胞中含草酸钙晶体，呈类圆形团块或类簇晶状。
(1) Transverse section of the drug: cork consisting of more than 10 rows of cells. Cortex narrow, scattered with root trace vascular bundles, its cambium distinct. Phloem broad, cambium wavy or irregular polygonal. Xylem vessels polygonal or circular, mostly solitary or arranged in a "V" shape, occasionally with wood fibers. Pith relatively large. Numerous oil cells scattered in the parenchyma, round, elliptical or irregular in shape, pale yellow-brown, small oil cells near the cambium, gradually increasing outward; parenchyma cells rich in starch grains, some parenchyma cells containing calcium oxalate crystals, appearing as round clusters or cluster crystals.

粉末 淡黄棕色或灰棕色。淀粉粒较多，单粒椭圆形、长圆形、类圆形、卵圆形或肾形，直径5～16 μm，长约21 μm，脐点点状、长缝状或人字状；偶见复粒，由2～4分粒组成。草酸钙晶体存在于薄壁细胞中，呈类圆形团块或类簇晶状，直径10～25 μm。木栓细胞深黄棕色，表面观呈多角形，微波状弯曲。油室多已破碎，偶可见油室碎片，分泌细胞壁薄，含有较多的油滴。导管主为螺纹导管，亦有网纹导管及梯纹导管，直径14～50 μm。
Powder pale yellow-brown or greyish-brown. Numerous starch grains, single grains elliptical, elongated, circular, oval or kidney-shaped, diameter 5-16 μm, length about 21 μm, hilum punctate, elongated or zigzag; occasionally compound grains composed of 2-4 sub-grains. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in the parenchyma cells, appearing as round clusters or cluster crystals, diameter 10-25 μm. Cork cells deep yellow-brown, surface view polygonal, slightly wavy and curved. Many oil cells have been broken, occasionally oil cell fragments can be seen, secretion cell walls thin, containing more oil droplets. The main vessels are spiral vessels, but there are also reticulate vessels and ladder-like vessels, with a diameter of 14-50 μm.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加石油醚（30～60℃）5 ml，放置10小时，时时振摇，静置，取上清液1 ml，挥干后，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，再加2%3，5-二硝基苯甲酸的甲醇溶液2～3滴与甲醇饱和的氢氧化钾溶液2滴，显红紫色。
(2) To 1 g of the powder add 5 ml of petroleum ether (30-60°C), let it stand for 10 hours, shake it from time to time, let it stand, take 1 ml of the supernatant, evaporate it to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol, and then add 2-3 drops of 2% methanol solution of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and 2 drops of methanol-saturated potassium hydroxide solution, showing purple-red color.

（3）取本品粉末1 g，加乙醚20 ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取川芎对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取欧当归内酯A对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1 ml含0.1 mg的溶液（置棕色量瓶中），作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙酯（3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(3) To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of ether, heat under reflux for 1 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug Chuanxiong, prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Take the reference substance of Ligustilide A, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml (in a brown volumetric flask) as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (3:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于12.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 12.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-1%醋酸溶液（30∶70）为流动相；检测波长为321 nm。理论板数按阿魏酸峰计算应不低于4000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-1% acetic acid solution (30:70) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 321 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated according to the peak of ferulic acid should not be less than 4000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取阿魏酸对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加70%甲醇制成每1 ml含20 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of ferulic acid reference substance, accurately weigh it, place it in a brown volumetric flask, add 70% methanol to make a solution containing 20 μg per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50 ml，密塞，称定重量，加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，静置，取上清液，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh it, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 70% methanol, seal tightly, weigh it, heat it under reflux for 30 minutes, cool it, weigh it again, make up for the lost weight with 70% methanol, shake well, let it stand, take the supernatant, filter, and take the filtrate to obtain the test solution.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含阿魏酸（C10H10O4）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of ferulic acid (C10H10O4) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

川芎 Chuanxiong Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，分开大小，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, separate by size, wash, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品为不规则厚片，外表皮灰褐色或褐色，有皱缩纹。切面黄白色或灰黄色，具有明显波状环纹或多角形纹理，散生黄棕色油点。质坚实。气浓香，味苦、辛，微甜。
The product is irregular thick slices with greyish-brown or brown outer epidermis with crinkled lines. The cut surface is yellowish-white or greyish-yellow, with obvious undulating ring or polygonal texture, scattered yellowish-brown oil spots. The texture is solid. Gas strong aroma, taste bitter, pungent, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胆、心包经。
Liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians.

功能 Actions

活血行气，祛风止痛。
To promote blood circulation and qi movement, dispel wind and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于胸痹心痛，胸胁刺痛，跌扑肿痛，月经不调，经闭痛经，癥瘕腹痛，头痛，风湿痹痛。
Used for chest pain, chest and rib pain, swelling and pain from falls or blows, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain due to masses, headache, and rheumatic arthralgia.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect against moth.

川芎

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎。夏季当茎上的节盘显著突出，并略带紫色时采挖，除去泥沙，晒后烘干，再去须根。
Szechwan Lovage Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (Fam. Umbel-liferae). The drug is collected in summer when the node of stem becomes obviously swollen and purplish, removed from soil, baked gently to dryness after sun-drying, and removed from rootlets.

性状 Description

本品为不规则结节状拳形团块，直径2～7cm。表面灰褐色或褐色，粗糙皱缩，有多数平行隆起的轮节，顶端有凹陷的类圆形茎痕，下侧及轮节上有多数小瘤状根痕。质坚实，不易折断，断面黄白色或灰黄色，散有黄棕色的油室，形成层环呈波状。气浓香，味苦、辛，稍有麻舌感，微回甜。
Irregular knotty and fist-like, 2-7 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown or brown, rough and shrunken, with many parallel and raised annulations, showing dent and subrounded stem scars on the top and numerous tuberculous rootlet scars on the lower part and at the nodes. Texture compact, uneasily broken, fracture yellowish-white or greyish-yellow, scattered with yellowish-brown oil dots. Cambium in an undulate ring. Odour, strongly aromatic； taste, bitter, pungent and slight numb, and with a sweet after taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为10余列细胞。皮层狭窄，散有根迹维管束，其形成层明显。韧皮部宽广，形成层环波状或不规则多角形。木质部导管多角形或类圆形，大多单列或排成“V”形，偶有木纤维束。髄部较大。薄壁组织中散有多数油室，类圆形、椭圆形或形状不规则，淡黄棕色，靠近形成层的油室小，向外渐大；薄壁细胞中富含淀粉粒，有的薄壁细胞中含草酸钙晶体，呈类圆形团块或类簇晶状。
粉末淡黄棕色或灰棕色。淀粉粒较多，单粒椭圆形、长圆形、类圆形、卵圆形或肾形，直径5～16μm，长约21μm，脐点点状、长缝状或人字状；偶见复粒，由2～4分粒组成。草酸钙晶体存在于薄壁细胞中，呈类圆形团块或类簇晶状，直径10～25μm。木栓细胞深黄棕色，表面观呈多角形，微波状弯曲。油室多已破碎，偶可见油室碎片，分泌细胞壁薄，含有较多的油滴。导管主为螺纹导管，亦有网纹导管及梯纹导管，直径14～50μm。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于12.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201 , the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as solvent, not less than 12.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-1%醋酸溶液（30：70）为流动相；检测波长为321nm。理论板数按阿魏酸峰计算应不低于4000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.1% acetic acid (30 : 70) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 321 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with reference to the peak of ferulic acid.

对照品溶液的制备 取阿魏酸对照品适量，精密称定，置棕色量瓶中，加70%甲醇制成每1ml含20μg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of ferulic acid CRS, accurately weighed, in 70% methanol in a brown volumetric flask to prepare a solution containing 20 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，静置，取上清液，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder (through No.4 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 70% methanol, stopper tightly and weigh. Heat under reflux for 30 minutes, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with 70% methanol, mix well and stand, filter the supernatant and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μ1，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含阿魏酸（C10H10O4）不得少于0.10%。
It contains not less than 0.10 per cent of ferulic acid (C10H10O4) , calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

川芎 Szechwan Lovage

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，分开大小，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, grade by size, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品为不规则厚片，外表皮灰褐色或褐色，有皱缩纹。切面黄白色或灰黄色，具有明显波状环纹或多角形纹理，散生黄棕色油点。质坚实。气浓香，味苦、辛，微甜。
In irregular thick slices. Externally greyish-brown or brown, with wrinkles. Cut surface, yellowish-white or greyish-yellow, showing obvious undulate ring or polygonal striation, scattering yellowish-brown oil dots. Texture, solid. Odour, strongly aromatic； taste, bitter, pungent, and slightly sweet

鉴别 Identification

【鉴别】【检查】（水分总灰分）【浸出物】【含量测定】同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛，温。归肝、胆、心包经。
Warm； pungent.

功能与主治 Actions

活血行气，祛风止痛。用于胸痹心痛，胸胁刺痛，跌扑肿痛，月经不调，经闭痛经，癥瘕腹痛，头痛，风湿痹痛。
To activate blood, move qi, dispel wind and relieve pain.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.